1 scope
This technology is applicable to industrial
and civil construction of indoor and outdoor cement mortar.
2 construction preparation
2.1 the main materials and machines:
2.1.1 cement: No. 325, cement or Portland
cement and above, the same color, with the lot number of the product should be
used.
2.1.2 sand: average size of 0.35~0.5mm in
the sand, sand particles require hard and clean, not containing clay,
grass-roots, leaves, alkalis and other organic substances and other harmful
substances. Sand according to different requirements before using diameter
sieves, screens well and set aside.
2.1.3 lime cream: massive lime leaching,
leaching system using 3mmx3mm of sieve pore size is small, and should be stored
in a settling tank. Curing time at ambient temperature of not less than 15D for
covering grey, maturing period should not be less than 30D, use Lime plaster
should not contain unripened particles and other impurities.
2.1.4 pulverized quicklime: its fine
through the 0.125mm screens, a total not more than 13% of sieve remainder. Use
with blisters before fully ripening and maturing time of not less than 3D.
Soak methods: should be prepared well in
advance of a large container, evenly sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder into
the container, pour a layer of water and then sprinkle a layer of lime powder,
water, and so on. Until the container volume of 2/3 is reached, then within the
container filled with water and lime all soaked in water, make it ripen.
2.1.5 ground fly ash: spend 0.08mm fine
sieve, not more than 5% of sieve remainder, fly ash can replace cement mixing
mortar, its content is not greater than the amount of cement up to 25%,
replacing lime in the mortar paste and most additives should not be greater
than 50%.
2.1.6 other admixtures: 107 gum, admixture,
admixture shall be decided by trials.
2.1.7 main equipment: mixer, 5mm and 2mm
bore diameter of sieve, large flat shovels, small shovel, with the exception of
plastering tools commonly used, should also be provided with a soft brush, wire
brush, chopsticks, pink bag, watering cans, small water bottles, buckets, grid,
brooms, hammers, cold chisel, etc.
2.2 operating conditions:
2.2.1 structure completed and acceptance by
the relevant authority, meet the eligibility criteria.
2.2.2 before plastering to check for proper
position of the door and window frames, and wall connection is solid. Cracks at
the connection use 1:3 cement mortar or 1:1:6 density of cement mortar mix
layer impaction. If the gap is large, should be mixed with a small amount of
mortar Ma DAO impaction, seam-sealed. Aluminum Windows and doors crack handle
workmanship according to design requirements.
2.2.3 brick wall, concrete wall of aerated
concrete wall surface, such as dust, dirt and grease should be cleaned, and
water wetter.
2.2.4 balcony Rails, clothes iron, embedded
iron parts, piping should be installed well in advance, construction reserve
holes on the wall in advance when plugging tight, columns, lintels and other
protruding walls of concrete rejection of flat, recessed early brush with water
after Yin dialysis, then 1:3 cement mortar or cement mortar mix layer 1:1:6
fill lining.
2.2.5 precast concrete wall panel seams
should be processed well in advance, and check the cavity is smooth, well sewn,
tricking water test, leakage can be carried out the next working procedure.
2.2.6 aerated concrete surface chipping off
angle layered patches you want. By: spread the wet surface, brush with water 10%
107 adhesive mud, followed by 1:1:6 mixing mortar every thickness should be
controlled in 7~9mm.
2.2.7 external wall cement mortar, should
be done before construction of large area model, accredited, and construction
methods, construction again.
2.2.8 construction with the outer shelf
should be prepared in advance, anyway, to leave the walls and corner 200~250mm
to facilitate the operation. Reducing your plastering Cha plastering smooth
outer shelf should be laid three-step to meet construction requirements.
Outside the walls the color of cement to ensure consistent, no single exclusive
shelf. Non-reserved temporary holes in the wall.
2.2.9 smooth plastered surface should be
checked before, to determine thickness of plaster. Plaster before both sides of
the corner, balcony, window sills, stone face pop-up plastering layer on both
sides of the line of control, as a basis for backing.
3 operational processes
3.1 process:
Caulking around door and window frames (or
vertical wall panel joints) →
→ wall cleaning water wet wall →
Hanging vertical, side, the plaster cakes,
gluten-filled play the grey control lines → → base → underlying
mortar →
Line grid → → → cover gray surface
adhesion, dinging → conservation
3.2 base for external concrete wall panels:
3.2.1 basic treatment: If the concrete
surface is very smooth, the surface should be "texturing ° processing,
there are two kinds: one is to smooth the surface with a sharpened awl tick,
tick to smooth, make the surface rough wet grass-roots with water. Another
method is to clean smooth surfaces with 10% after the caustic soda and water to
remove surface oil, Lye rinse dry with mechanical spray or with a broom dumped
a layer of 1:1 gruel-fine cement mortar (mixed with 20%107 glue mixing) and
froze it in smooth base surface, break with one fixed for good.
3.2.2 hanging vertically, sets of rules:
the spat in doors and Windows, respectively, at duo, wall hanging vertically,
plaster told and after gray pie filling bars, pops up on the wall plastering
layer line of control.
3.2.3 the underlying mortar: brush with
water 10% 107 adhesive mud, (w/c 0.4~0.5) followed by 1:3 cement mortar every
5~7mm thickness, layer and erase the gluten-filled, and staves, level, get a
straight, wooden trowel twist hair.
3.2.4 plastering mortar: mortar at the
bottom after the second day of plastering mortar, first wall spread wet,
according to paper size line grid, cell adhesion, drop tanks, mortar plastering
layer. Surface layer of cement mortar or mortar mix for 1:2.5 1:0.5:3.5 cement
mortar thickness 5~8mm. First water wet, thinly shave before you put a layer of
plain cement plaster, so that it is the end of gray cement, followed by erase
overlay grid and gray, and bar anyway, scrape, rub wood trowel, float clear and
compact iron. When there is no water on its surface, perpendicular to the
ground with a soft brush dipped in water in the same direction, brush again, to
ensure that the color of the surface layer of dust; avoiding and reducing
shrinkage cracks. Subsequently, will be out until after ash layers,
asymmetrical figure with plain cement paste well. For the cells, should not be
hard to prevent edge damage, should stay dry up. And fill the gap.
Plastering construction of programs: from
top to bottom, after wiping out the underlying mortar will stand up, and then
from the top surface layer of mortar. Should pay attention to in the surface
layer of dust before, you should check the underlying mortar without empty,
cracked, if cracks should be picking his chisel again after repairing surface
layer of dust; also should be aware that the underlying mortar dust and dirt
should be clean, water moist, surface layer of plaster.
3.2.5 drip lines (slots): mast, cornice,
window sills, window awning, balcony, capping and protruding walls and other
parts, water should be made above the slope, the following should do the drip
line (Groove). Water slope and drip lines (slots) from the outer surface shall
not be less than 40mm, the drip line (also known as garbanzo) should ensure
that their slopes to the right.
3.2.6 conserve: cement mortar plastering
layer should be water conservation.
3.3 primary aerated concrete panels:
3.3.1 primary processing: use brooms to
sweep the dust on the surface, water, Yin dialysis, water immersion gas 10MM is
appropriate. On deficiency ribs off angle of Board, or Board of seams at high
poor larger Shi, available 1:1:6 cement mixed mortar mixed 20%107 glue mix
collection uniform, layered lining flat, each again thickness 5~7mm, stay gray
layer solidification Hou, water wet, with above with tie than of fine mortar
(sand application yarn stretched screen to screen), with mechanical spray or
with broom dumped in added gas concrete surface, second days watering
conservation, until mortar knot solidification, with hand broke not moving
weizhi.
3.3.2 hanging vertically, sets of rules:
same as before.
3.3.3 the underlying mortar: 10% 107 glue
brush with water with mud (specific 0.4~0.5), with the brush with cement
mortar, mix 1:1:6, smooth, big bumper scrape, rub wood trowel, begins after the
final setting of conservation. If the mortar admixed with fly ash, the above
mixing ratio can be changed to 1:0.5:0.5:6, namely cement: lime fly ash: sand.
3.3.4 playing line, cells, cell adhesion,
water trough, plastering mortar: first, by drawing on the request line grid,
cell adhesion, pay attention to visco-elastic State by vertical bars should be
glued to the line on the same side, preventing about stick. After stick, when
the bottom five or six when plastering mortar. Brush with water of 10% 107
adhesive cement grouting, followed by plaster. Surface layer mortar of tie than
for 1:1:5 of cement mixed mortar or for 1:0.5:0.5:5 cement, and fly ash mixed
mortar, General thickness 5mm around, points two times and points grid article
wipe flat, again with bar anyway scraping flat, wood wipe child rub hair, iron
wipe child pressure real, and pressure light, stay surface no Mingshui Hou,
with brush dipped water by vertical Yu ground direction light brush a again,
makes its surface layer color consistent. After finishing the surface water
conservation.
3.3.5 drip lines (slots): former practices
and conservation requirements.
3.4 base for brick walls:
3.4.1 base treatment: the remnants of
mortar on the walls, dirt, dust and other clean, throw water on the wall, the
bricks down on dust in, wetting the wall.
3.4.2 hanging vertically, set rules,
plastering cake: op. cit.
3.4.3 gluten-filled, wipe bottom of mortar:
at room temperature can be mixed using cement mortar, mix 1:0.5:4, winter
construction, bottom ash mix ratio for 1:3 cement mortar, screed Strip should
be stratification and smooth, big bumper anyway, scrape, rub wood trowel, after
the final setting of water conservation.
Dimensions in the drawings 3.4.4 line of
blocks, after cell adhesion surface mortar. Method of operation the former.
Surface layer of mortar mix at room temperature 1:0.5:3.5 cement mortar can be
used, winter 1:2.5 cement mortar should be used.
3.4.5 drip line (Groove) construction
method and the ash layer curing methods ibid.
3.5 winter, rainy period of construction:
General construction only during the winter, winter stage not construction.
3.5.l-mix mortar in winter hot mix should
be used, when insulation measures taken, apply mortar at a temperature not
lower than 5 degrees centigrade.
3.5.2 mortar plastering layer's early
hardening without freezing.
3.5.3 the atmosphere at temperatures below
5 c, in outdoor plastering mortar mix to lower the freezing temperature of salt
and calcium chloride and so on, its content should be determined by tests.
Painting plaster walls shall not be mixed with salt and calcium chloride.
3.5.4 freezing masonry walls, exterior
plaster should be completely thawed before wiping, wall shall not be washed
with hot water frozen, eliminate Frost wall or with hot water.
3.5.5 construction in winter to prevent the
dust early frost, guarantee operation, cannot be mixed with lime in the mortar
paste, in order to ensure the workability of the mortar, mixed with fly ash
instead of the volume. For example, 1:1:6 could be replaced by cement and fly
ash cement mortar mortar, mix is still 1:1.6.
3.5.6 plastering with rain rain-proof
measures should be taken to prevent plaster layer of damage from the rain
before the final set.
4 quality criteria
4.1 project: the variety and quality of the
materials used must comply with the design requirements, the plaster layer
between and the plaster layer and the substrate must be bonding, no
delamination, empty drum surface blasting dust and crack-free (except the wind
shake) and other defects.
4.2 Basic project:
4.2.1 intermediate plasters: smooth, clean
surface, Cha flat, straight line angle, clear (uniform rough surface texture).
Advanced plastering: the surface is smooth,
clean, uniform color, no lines, and gray line straight line angle, founder,
clear and beautiful.
4.2.2 corner shall conform to the
construction decoration standard 2.1.9 and 2.1. the provisions of article 10,
the surface is smooth, smooth, door and window frame and the wall crack filling
density, surface roughness.
4.2.3 holes, troughs, boxes of the correct
size, founder, clean, smooth, pipe behind plastered smooth.
Section 4.2.4 (seam) of uniform width,
depth, (seam) smooth, neat edges, horizontal even vertical, smooth.
4.2.5 drip line and drip water on the
right, drop lines straight, throat width, density not less than 10MM, neat and
consistent.
4.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table
9-2.
Outer wall plastering tolerance table 9-2
Project tolerance (mm) test method
Intermediate advanced
1 façade vertical 5 3 2m supporting plate
check
2 surface flat 4 2 2m m on foot and wedged
feeler Gage check
2m angle vertical 4 2 3 Yin and Yang of
care with Board examination
4 corner founder of yin and Yang of 4 2
20cm feet and wedge feeler Gage check
5 points (seams) straight and standard 3-5M
line check
Note: l. intermediate fourth internal
corner plastering this table founder is not checked.
2. facade height squareness tolerances:
Single layer: every frame or layer mode to
H/1000 and less than 20mm, frame, top model H/1000,
And no greater than 30mm, theodolite,
hanging and standard checks.
3. brick-overall height ≤ 10m,
perpendicularity tolerance for 10MM, brick and concrete structure high >10m
and squareness tolerances
20mm。 Using a theodolite
or wait and check.
5 finished product protection
5.1 remnants of mortar should be promptly
cleaned up on the door and window frames, aluminum alloy door and window box
protective film should be checked before loading the full, such as caulking low
alkaline cement cement, plug after making clear in time, clean it with a clean
cotton silk box.
5.2 dismantling shelves caution, prevent
damage to put good cement wall and protective measures should be taken promptly
to prevent pollution and damage caused by operations interspersed with,
especially the corners should be nailing boards to protect.
5.3 the plaster layer in front of the
condensation should prevent the quick-drying, exposure, water, impact and
vibration to ensure the ash layers have enough strength.
5.4 Oilers brush oil barrels when not
touched down from the shelf to prevent contamination of walls and cannot pedal
step on the windowsill and prevent damage to edges.
6 quality problems to be noticed
6.1 empty drum, and cracking and rotten
root: due to wipe gray Qian grass-roots bottom cleanup not clean or not
completely, wipe gray Qian not watering, each layer gray wipe have too thick,
with have too tight; for prefabricated concrete, smooth surface not tick hair,
and also not dumped hair, even concrete surface of crisp skin also not removed
on wipe gray; added gas concrete surface didn't cleaning, not watering on wipe
gray. After plastering is not conservation. To resolve the quality problem of
hollowing and cracking from the three ways to resolve: the first substrate
cleaning and watering before construction; second construction layers and
compacting should be carefully, not sloppy third after construction, water
conservation, and note the place clean, plastering, overcoming the rot.
6.2 drop line (Groove) does not meet the
requirements: not according to the norms of indwelling throat, window sills,
stone and face bottom drip, should be set at construction time, keeps the
throat after 10mmx10mm slots, no chute after plastering seam layering, or
marked with the nail Groove.
6.3 points, after throat is irregular does:
using plain water after mud gap, squaring and damage repaired in a timely
manner.
6.4 window eat: sill elevation is not
consistent in the same layer, in order to ensure exterior plastering lines
horizontal even vertical Latrun line you want to find the rules, resulting in
the windowsill eating, affect the use. First construction elevation to the
right, taking into account the good plastering layer thickness and surface
plastering on the note window should be 10MM into the box, and Gou Cheng small
fillet, sing along, looking for a water slope should be.
Cha 6.5 surface uneven, inconsistent color:
Cha child behind without rules, uneven Cha, Cha is hard to find flat. Note that
the Cha should be avoided in block, should be left in place, or inconspicuous
place cement must be used outside the cement of the same variety, lot number
entry, to ensure color consistency across the plaster layer. Grass-roots water
potted plants thoroughly before construction, easy to operate, avoid problems,
black surface pressure, resulting in uneven color.
7 quality records
This standard shall meet the following quality
records:
7.1 cement factory prove and test reports.
7.2 manufactured products such as sand and
fly ash certified.
7.3 milled quicklime product factory
certified.
7.4 107 adhesive, additives and other
products of the factory certification and product usage instructions.
7.5 quality inspection and assessment of
records.
