High voltage switch installation process

High voltage switch installed
1 scope
The technology standard is suitable for use in 6 ~ 10 kv general industrial and civil building electric installation engineering of isolating switch, load switch installation.
2 construction preparation
2.1 equipment and materials requirements:
2.1.1 high voltage switch equipment specification, type, voltage grade should meet the design requirements.
2.1.2 equipment should be equipped with nameplate, indicate the manufacturer and specification, model, product certification and technical documents.
2.1.3 equipment accessories complete, appearance inspection in good condition, porcelain without damage and crack.
2.1.4 installation material shall have certificate, material specifications comply with the design requirements, no obvious corrosion steel. In addition to the anchor bolt, other fastening bolt and washer are galvanized parts should be adopted.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 installation tools: electric hammer, electric drill, steel cutting machine, welding machine, welding tools.
2.2.2 tools commonly: electrician tools, hammer, wrench, level, scale, line drop, high stool.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 finished basic civil engineering construction, walls, roof, spray paint, without leaking. Door window glass table, door lock.
2.3.2 reserve, embedded parts comply with the design requirements.
2.3.3 is associated with high voltage switch electrical equipment such as switchgear, transformer installed, inspection.
2.3.4 construction drawings and technical data are complete and have reliable safety, fire protection measures.
2.3.5 installation site is clean, with proper lighting, scaffolding, safe and reliable when necessary.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Equipment out some pieces to steel stent production installation, equipment installation and operator - > to install

Lead to equipment installed and stent grounding (zero) to withstand voltage test, transmission operation acceptance

3.2 equipment out of the points:
3.2.1 out some pieces of the equipment should be jointly by installation, supply, construction and other units. And make detailed records.
3.2.2 in accordance with the equipment list and technical data, check whether the equipment specifications comply with the design requirements, the attachment is complete, the product certificate.
3.2.3 appearance inspection equipment: framework corrosion, do you have any open welding or deformation, insulation porcelain have bad damage and crack, two head bolt is firmly braced insulator. Terminals and current-carrying part shall be clean, and good contact, contact silver coating without loss.
3.2.4 arc suppression is complete, no deformation and damaged.
3.2.5 load switch insurance tube measurement without broken wires.
3.3 steel stent production installation:
3.3.1 there are three kinds of high voltage switch installation fixed way in general:
3.3.1.1 directly against the wall of concrete using dovetail bolt installation;
3.3.1.2 USES the embedded steel plate installation, the installation before processing a set of framework and equipment of the same size steel bracket, will stand on the embedded steel plate, welding and installing equipment;
3.3.1.3 using wall bolt installation. With all the way to install, shall be installed in advance with processing and installation of accessories.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 operator support production installation generally there are two ways:
3.3.2.1 installed against the wall (FIG. 2-68, 2-69);
3.3.2.2 wall installation (FIG. 2-70, 2-71).
3.4 installation:
3.4.1 track equipment installation position should comply with the drawing size, convenient to the secondary lead, reference was charged with actual location equipment, will make appropriate adjustments plane position. But the installation height must conform to the requirements of the drawings.
3.4.2 equipment installation should be a right, vertical, to receive strength evenly after installation equipment base, variant is not allowed. Fixed tightly.
Rule 3.4.3 installation load switch, against the wall to avoid connecting rod arm to touch the wall, can be the base mat is high.
3.5 operator installation and adjustment:
3.5.1 track of operating mechanism of the installation position should meet the following requirements:
3.5.1.1 wheelbase fixed ground height 1 m;
3.5.1.2 installed against the wall, handle center distance side wall should not be less than 0.4 m;
3.5.1.3 side wall installation, handle center distance side wall should not be less than 0.3 m. Handle with live part distance should not be less than 1.2 m.
3.5.2 operating mechanism should be adjusted, flexible and reliable, in correct position. With electric tripping or auxiliary switch operating mechanism. Should be reliable, accurate position.
3.5.3 switch blade and fixed contact should aim at, insert depth should meet the requirements of switch, contact closely, pressure evenly on both sides.
3.5.4 switch blade with the vertical distance between the fixed contact and blade rotation Angle should not be less than given in table 2 to 28.
Switch the vertical distance between the blade and fixed contact and blade rotation table 2 to 28
Said type rated voltage (kV) open Angle (degrees) distance (mm)
Indoor high voltage isolating switch GN2 10, 65, 158-4
Indoor high voltage isolating switch GN8 6 ~ 10 > 160
Indoor air type high voltage load switch FN2 10 to 182 + 3
Indoor high voltage load switch FN1 10 58

3.6 lead installation:
3.6.1 track installation of high voltage load switch against the wall and into the wire cable connection should be through the bus bar (FIG. 2-72).
3.6.2 of high voltage switch fuses shall comply with the terms of the corresponding chapters.
3.7 devices and grounding
3.7.1 high voltage switch and the operating mechanism of metal stents, are used galvanized round steel or flat iron and reliable grounding.
3.7.2 metal parts of the high voltage switch is not charged and operating mechanism should be reliable grounding, grounding line available soft copper wire, cross section is not less than 10 was.
3.7.3 grounding practices shall comply with the terms of the corresponding chapters.
3.8 pressure test: high voltage switch equipment should work frequency withstand voltage test before sending, with other high voltage test equipment at the same time.
3.9 sending run acceptance: high voltage switch power run acceptance shall be carried out together with other devices, no-load running 24 h no abnormal phenomenon, pay party a's acceptance.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 test of high voltage switch adjustment as a result, must conform to the rules.
Test method: check test testing record.
4.1.2 porcelain surface are strictly forbidden to have defects such as cracks, defects and damage of enamel.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2 the basic items:
2 switch position should be correct installation, fixed firmly, parts complete, flexible operation part and accurate.
4.2.2 such as fixed bracket, connecting rod and the shaft connection, the paint is complete.
Part holdings operation convenient save Labour, less empty trip, no obvious vibration points when closing.
4.2.4 grounding (zero) regional compact connection, laying solid, cross section is chosen correctly.
Test method: to observe the operation inspection, try.
5 finished product protection
5.1 no installation equipment shipped to the site, may not be split open a case, and warehousing safekeeping.
5.2 equipment handling and installation, should prevent equipment collision, broke up and protect the porcelain is in good condition.
5.3 deal with porcelain pay attention to protect the equipment installation process, if necessary take porcelain (such as load switch insurance tube), or a cloth to porcelain, to prevent mechanical damage or welding slag wounded.
5.4 good doors and Windows is closed, the door lock protection.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 the quality problem of the high voltage switch installation should be paid attention to are shown in table 2-29.
High voltage switch installation should pay attention to quality problems and control measures in table 2-29
The quality problem of the serial number often produce for prevention measures
Stents and seam welding slag cleaning not net, uneven brush paint, there are omissions improve quality consciousness, strengthening self-inspection, mutual inspection, prevent the disease
2 stent installing rickety strengthening self-inspection, mutual inspection
3 not flexible operating mechanism to adjust raises the level of operation and technology
4 porcelain wound be finished product protection
5 switch in the wrong, blade contact not only improve the level of operation technology

7 should possess the quality of the record
7.1 equipment and material receiving inspection records.
7.2 product certification.
7.3 since the inspection records.
7.4 pressure test report.
7.5 design changes regarding the record.
7.6 preview records.
7.7 the steel material.
7.8 kinds of construction quality assessment record.

Clinker, cement tile, connect body brick ground construction technology

Clinker, cement tile, connect body brick floor construction
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil construction of clinker, cement tile floor.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 cement, Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement; The label should not be lower than 425, and it is forbidden to mix different varieties, different grade of cement.
2.1.2 sand, medium sand and coarse sand, 8 mm aperture sieve, the silt content should not be greater than 3%.
2.1.3 clinker and cement tile, brick, etc all have factory certification, compressive strength, bending the specifications varieties all comply with the design requirements, consistent color appearance and smooth (cement tile surface level off, smooth, design decorative pattern correctly), edge tidy, no warping and Angle.
2.1.4 oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, 107 glue, etc. Have the factory certificate.
2.1.5 main equipment: small, half VAT, broom, bucket flat shovel, iron float, large wooden poles, small wood, wire netting, sieve, sieve, narrow trolley, wire brush, watering can, a hammer, a rubber hammer and chisel, meters, chalk line package,, quarry tile cutting machine of the valve.
2.1.6 combining layer USES the asphalt materials such as cement, the label should comply with the design requirements and technical indicators, such as using adhesives, should be waterproof and prevent bacteria, and determined by experiment. The two kinds of material all should have testing certificate and second interview records.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 interior wall + 50 cm level elevation lines have been playing well, and check and correct.
2.2.2 wall plaster, roof waterproof and frame has been installed.
2.2.3 ground mat layer and embedded within the ground pipeline has been done. Across the floor of the hard pipe has finished, density of hole has been blocked. Have a floor drain should find good pan of water.
2.2.4 work ahead of time to choose brick, with wood needle box in advance according to the size of the specifications of the brick mold, after unpacking piece piece sets selected, length, width, thickness shall not exceed + LMM, the roughness with straightedge check, shall not exceed + / - 0.5 mm. Appearance have crack, Angle and surface defects of plate winkles, and according to the pattern, color, choose after stacking respectively.
2.2.5 floor requires artistic pattern, before construction should draw the construction details, and make between example, after inspection, the only large area construction.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Basic level processing to find elevation, spring wire, leveling layer mortar to play line laying brick, brick - >

Tick off seam, wipe the seam - maintenance - skirting board installation
3.1.1 basic level processing: will the cleaning out of the concrete base, with a chisel shave mortar landed grey, use wire brush to brush the net floating pulp layer. Applications such as base oil, 10% caustic soda water clean, and clear water in a timely manner on the lye rinse.
3.1.2 find elevation, elastic line: according to the wall of + 50 cm level elevation lines, downwards of surface elevation, and play on the wall.
3.1.3 plastering mortar screed-coat:
3.1.3.1 sprinkler moist: on the clean up good base, the ground with watering can uniform sprinkler again at the local level.
3.1.3.2 plaster the bread and the reinforcement: from the play good surface amount to screed-coat epithelium below sea level elevation (surface elevation minus brick thickness and the thickness of adhesive layer), plaster bread spacing l. 5 m, flat on ash cake is the elevation of cement mortar screed-coat then begins to wipe the reinforcement from on one side of the room (also called screed). Around the room with a floor drain, should by radiate towards floor drain the tendons, and looking for a good grade. Rendering the bread and the reinforcement should use harsh mortar, should not be less than 2 cm thick.
3.1.3.3 pack file (that is, between the reinforcement cement mortar) that holds a store: wipe clean the reinforcement of residual slag slurry, besmear again the slurry water to cement ratio (0.4 ~ 0.5) bonding layer, should besmear to brush with mortar. Then according to the elevation of the reinforcement with xiaoping spade or wood float will have mixing cement mortar (mixing ratio is 1:3 ~ 1:4) shop is between the reinforcement, using wood float lay flat, solid, small wood poles, leveling with wood float rub flat again, make its laying mortar and the reinforcement of leveling, with a large wooden poles check its smoothness, and check whether the elevation and slope of water right, water maintenance after 24 h.
3.1.4 play tiles line: when leveling layer mortar compressive strength is 1.2 MPa, start here line of brick. In advance according to the design requirements and brick plate size, determine the gap width of plate paving, when the design has no rules, the shop is stuck gap width should not be greater than the LMM, virtual joint pavement crack width should be for 5 ~ 10 mm.
Points in the room, from longitudinal and transverse directions in size, when multiple size less than the whole brick, will the whole brick used in the corners, in the first row of the transverse parallel to the door should be the whole brick, will the whole brick in position against the wall, and the longitudinal (vertical) at the door should be in the room, not the whole emissions in the two wall brick symmetry. According to the number of brick have been identified and seam width, longitudinal and lateral line on the ground to play a control line (every 4 bricks play).
3.1.5 tiles: in order to find a good position and elevation, and should be started, the longitudinal to lay 2 ~ 3 lines of brick, as the muscle pull level elevation lines, auxiliary from inside to outside the back operation, brick paved surface shall not tread from the start, each brick should be with line, the operation procedure is:
Before 3.1.5.1 paving brick plate into the half bucket soaking wet, dry surface without MingShuiShi, after just can use.
3.1.5.2 screed-coat sprinkling water on the wet, plain cement paste evenly (water cement ratio of 0.4 ~ 0.4), besmear brushs area is not too big, how far shop brush.
3.1.5.3 in combination with the thickness of the layer, such as using cement mortar laid for 10 ~ 15 mm, using asphalt cement laying should be 2 ~ 5 mm, using adhesive laid should be 2 ~ 3 mm.
3.1.5.4 combined with mixing layer composite materials: using asphalt cement materials and adhesives, except by the factory manual operation should also determine the mixture ratio, after laboratory test batch to mix evenly, can not have dust, a batch may not too much, and finished within the required time. If use the binding layer of cement mortar, the appropriate mixing ratio is 1:2.5 (cement, sand) harsh mortar. Should also be increases with the increasing mix use, prior to the initial setting out, prevent influence cementing quality.
3.1.5.5 paving, brick facing up on the back of bonding mortar, paving to brush has good slurry on the leveling layer, brick stare blankly on the slightly higher level elevation lines, looking for positive, after looking for straight, square, brick above board, pat solid, with a rubber mallet retreated inside the order from the outward paving, brick and mortar fullness, connect closely, solid, and floor drain and sawing with grinding wheel to turn brick and floor drain. Paving brick, a best one shop, in construction of large area, section, division of the pavement should be taken.
3.1.5.6 dial sewing, finishing: spread line 2 to 3, shall, from time to time, pull check seam, straightness, such as within the prescribed shall promptly repair, will straight seam, with a rubber mallet shot. This work should be done before combining layer of condensation.
3.1.6 seam jointing brush: surface pavement should be carried out within the 24 h seam, tick off seam, and should be adopted and the varieties, and the label, and color of the cement.
3.1.6.1 jointing: 1:1 fine cement mortar jointing, 1/3 of the thick seam depth within appropriate for brick, mortar seam in dense, smooth, smooth. Along with the hook with the remaining cement mortar removed, rub-up.
3.1.6.2 brush seam: such as design requirements without cracks or cracks is very small, insist on seam straight, dressed in the shop brick paste pot of water to sew in mud on the surface, then use dry cement in sew, reoccupy cotton ball rub rub, will wipe with cracks. The last clean the slurry on the surface.
3.1.7 maintenance: spread brick after 24 h, water conservation, the time should not less than 7 d.
3.1.8 set stick baseboard: skirting board brick, generally USES the piece of varieties and specifications, with the ground with the color of the material, the vertical seam of skirting board shall be the seam alignment, the ground should be laid on the two end Yin Angle in each room metope stick a piece of brick, wall thickness and height should comply with the design requirements, to stare blankly for a standard line brick, start the shop is stuck, brick back up with binding mortar (mixing ratio is 1:2 cement mortar), it is advisable to make the mortar with the whole piece of brick, timely to paste on the wall, brick on stare blankly with line and immediately take a firm, will scrape off extrusion of mortar, then will be clear clean surface (before pasting, brick material to flooding to dry, metope brushs water wet).
3.1.9 winter construction: interior operation temperature is not lower than + 5 ℃. Outdoor operation, should according to the temperature change of antifreezing admixture, but must note to operate after the laboratory test.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 all kinds of surface plate used in the variety, quality must meet the design requirements.
4.1.2 the combination of surface and base (bonded) must be strong, no empty drum.
4.2 the basic items:
2 all kinds of the surface of the plate surface clean, clear design, colour and lustre is consistent, uniform seam, straight, surrounding the plate no crack phenomenon such as fall off, and the lack of stare blankly.
4.2.2 floor drain and eliminate liquid with the ground of the slope, slope should comply with the design requirements, not water, no water, the floor drain (pipe) attaches tight and firm, no leakage.
Holdings skirting board surface clean, uniform seam formation, highly consistent, combined with the strong, the wall thickness is appropriate, are basically identical.
4.2.4 stair step and the steps of the shop is stuck gap width is consistent, the adjacent two step difference less than 10 mm, prevent slippery straight.
4.2.5 the edge of pectin on the surface, materials of various sizes comply with the design requirements and construction norms, edge neat, smooth.
4.3 allowable deviation project, are shown in table 7-14.

Cement tile, quarry tile, the ground allow deviation (mm) table 7-14
Will project tiling quarry tile testing method
Surface roughness, 3, 4, 1 in 2 m by feet and wedge feeler check
2 seam straight line 3 3, 5 m, less than 5 m's line and the ruler quantity check
3 seam height difference of 0.5 0.5 feet and wedge feeler check
4 play crural line flowing straight line, 4, 5 m, less than 5 m's line and the ruler quantity check
5 plate gap width is not more than 2 2 feet quantity check

5 finished product protection
5.1 in the process of pavement plate operation, installed good door frames, the pipe should be protected, such as frame nail protection sheet, and start using narrow vehicle, etc.
5.2 cut the floor tile, may be just good paving brick surface operation.
5.3 when the pavement mortar compressive strength of 1.2 MPa, can master cheng yen, but must pay attention to paint, mortar shall not be stored in a plate, iron pipe hard ware, shall not touch bad brick surface. When you spray on surface cover protection.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 plate empty drum: grassroots cleanup not net, uneven water wet, brick is not flooded, the area of the cement layer combination brush too much air drying trend isolation effect, here early to factors influencing the strength of adhesive layer, and so on, are the cause of the empty drum.
Skirting board empty drum reasons, besides the same with the ground, but also because skirting board on the back of the binding mortar quantity is little not to edge, edge horn empty drum.
6.2 skirting board out of the wall thickness is not consistent: as the wall plaster verticality, smoothness, exceed the allowable deviation, skirting board set to stick in the horizontal line control, so the wall thickness is not consistent. So before with stick, first check the wall roughness, after processing to stick.
6.3 plate surface unclean: mainly after finish coat, finished product protection is not enough, the bucket on the floor tile, mixing mortar, brush on the floor tile pulp without cover, etc., are causing contamination on the surface.
6.4 have a leak down slope: do mortar screed-coat, did not play according to the design requirements of the water slope line slope. So you must looking for elevation, bullet line looking for a good grade, rendering the bread and the reinforcement, wipe out the water.
Ground brick, in 6.5 height difference: the floor tile not pick in advance, do not match the thick brick caused by difference of on any account, or when the shop is stuck not strict control according to level elevation lines.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records:
7.1 all kinds of floor tile factory certificate.
7.2 adhesive factory to prove and test data.
7.3 cement factory certificate.
7.4 the sand silt content test records.

Wire rope piping, wiring process

Wire rope piping, wiring
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to indoor lighting wire rope piping, wiring project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 insulated wires: specification, type of the wire must comply with the design requirements, and product certification.
2.1.2 wire: the steel hinge line as a wire, its cross-sectional area should choose according to actual span, load and mechanical strength, minimum cross section is not less than 10 was. And can not have back clasp, pine, shares, the phenomenon such as cramping. If use galvanized round steel as a wire, its diameter should not less than 10 mm.
2.1.3 galvanized round steel hook: the diameter of the round steel should not be less than 5 mm.
2.1.4 galvanized round steel earrings: round steel should not be less than 10 mm in diameter. Earring hole diameter should not less than 30 mm, joints shall be welded to death, the end should be bent into a dovetail.
2.1.5 galvanized iron wire: no back button should be straight, twist to wait for a phenomenon, and has stipulated mechanical strain.
2.1.6 flat steel hanger: should use galvanized flat steel, the thickness should be not less than 1.5 mm, width should be not less than 20 mm, the galvanized layer falls off phenomenon.
2.1.7 tie line: should be used with conductor wire core material of plastic insulation cable tie.
2.1.8 plastic sheath line: specification, type of the wire must comply with the design requirements, and product certification.
2.1.9 screw connection button: should choose according to wire section and the root of the wire number corresponding models of spiral wire reinforced insulation steel shell button.
2.1.10 LC secure cap pressure for requirement, please see section 3, 8, 3.5 the relevant content.
2.1.11: casing pipe with copper, aluminum casing pipe and copper aluminum casing three transition, when choose, should adopt corresponding casing with conductor material specifications.
2.1.12 terminal (wiring nose) : when choose, should choose according to conductor is the root of the number and the total cross section corresponding specifications of the terminal.
2.1.13 iron box: screw holes installation is complete, the threading is clear, fastening screws should be 5 mm in diameter. Box should not be split, deformation, damage, galvanized layer and anticorrosive paint complete don't fall off.
2.1.14 plastic box packing: suitable for plastic tube Ming fu wiring project, the material should be evenly split, box no damage such as deformation, discoloration phenomenon.
2.1.15 galvanized material: flower basket bolt, wire rope clip, heart-shaped ring, flat steel, round steel, Angle steel, machine screw, nut, spring washer, gasket, iron hoop, square pad.
2.1.16 auxiliary materials; Rubber insulating tape, glue plastic insulation tape, black tape, welding electrode, solder, flux, aluminum clamp, oxygen, acetylene, antirust paint, mixed paint, emery cloth, etc. Material should not be affected with damp be affected with damp, the phenomenon such as metamorphic date.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 pencil line, tape measure, spirit level, fall, chalk line bag, barrel, brush.
2.2.2 hammer and chisel, hacksaw, saw blade, flat file, round file, half round file, sets of wire board, bit.
2.2.3 sawing grinding wheel, grinding wheel, saw blade, set machine, cutter, electric welding machine, heat pipe, hydraulic stewed pig, welding tools, pressure case.
2.2.4 soldering iron, electric furnace, tin tin pot, spoon, rope, pulley, chain, tube teeth, megohmmeter, tool bag, toolbox, high stool, etc.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 while cooperate with civil engineering structure construction, iron and reserved holes will be well kept.
Cooperate with construction decoration in 2.3.2 rope hoisting and piping, wiring.
3 operation process
3.2 wire wiring regulations and requirements:
3.2.1 wire insulation on the wires to the distance of the ground, indoors is 2.5 m.
3.2.2 indoor cable wiring insulation wire Ming fu, porcelain (plastic) should be adopted or knob insulator, pin insulator fixed; Using sheathed wire, metal or hard plastic tube wiring, can be directly fixed on the wire.
3.2.3 cable wiring of the wire and steel strand used in cross section, should choose according to span, load and mechanical strength, minimum cross section should not be less than 10 was. The wire rope fixed should brush anti-rust paint or use galvanized parts. The ends of the wire rope should be taut, when large span should increase support point in the middle, intermediate support point spacing should be not more than 12 m.
3.2.4 on the wire rope hoisting metal or plastic tube wiring, shall meet the following requirements:
3.2.4.1 rope hoisting metal or plastic pipe support points on the largest spacing are shown in table 3-29.
The largest spacing between support points table 3-29
Cabling supporting point distance (mm) support point away from the lamp holder box (mm)
Metal tube
Plastic material tube 1500
1000, 200,
150

3.2.4.2 of flat steel hoisting box and pipeline clamp should not be less than 20 mm, the width of hoisting box the number of the clamp should not be less than 2.
3.2.5 rope hoisting sheathed on the line, shall meet the following requirements:
3.2.5.1 with aluminum clamp straight when apply on the wire, the support point spacing should be not greater than 50 mm; Clamp the distance from the junction box should not be greater than 100 mm.
3.2.5.2 with rubber or plastic sheath, junction box should be used in plastic products.
3.2.6 rope hoisting porcelain, shall meet the following requirements:
3.2.6.1 support point spacing should not be more than 1.5 m, the distance between the inside line should not be less than 50 mm, outside of the distance between the line should not be less than 100 mm.
3.2.6.2 flat steel bars of the terminal should be gallas line, its diameter should not less than 3 mm.
3.3 precast processing artifacts:
3.3.1 processing embedded iron: its size should not be less than 120 * 60 * 6 mm; Welding on the iron anchor reinforced its diameter should not less than 8 mm, its tail to bend into dovetail shape.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 dimension processing according to the requirement of the design framework of reserved holes; Processing good hoop, bracket, hanger, hanger, earrings, such as fixed clamp galvanized iron pieces. Non galvanized iron parts should be cleaning brush again on the antirust paint.
3.3.3 steel pipe or conduit for straightening. Cut off, set of wire, heat bending, prepare for pipe connection.
3.3.4 plastic tube for heat pipe, tube, to be prepared for the pipeline connection.
3.3.5 are made of galvanized steel strand button round steel as a wire, according to the actual length of cut required, wipe the surface of oil, to straighten it in advance, in order to reduce the elongation.
3.4 embedded iron and reserved holes:
Should be based on the size of the drawings marked position, in the civil engineering structure construction to fasten on embedded parts; And comply with civil accurately will leave good holes.
3.5 play line positioning:
According to plans determine the position of the fixed point, pop-up chalk line, even separated span, and make clearly marked colour paint.
3.6 the brackets:
Will have been processed to embrace hoop bracket on the structure, wear the heart-shaped ring set on the earrings and basket bolt used in hoisting rope. Fixed good bracket can be as the beginning of the line, middle and end.
3.7 wire assembly:
3.7.1 will pull out good wire rope end through the earrings in advance, and back to wear the ring into the heart, with two wire card 2 again. In order to prevent the loose end of a wire, iron wire available to tighten it.
3.7.2 will flower basket at the ends of the bolt screw nut of precession, keep its maximum range, and be ready to continue to adjust the wire rope looseness.
3.7.3 dismantle the wire will be tied to the end of a rope, the rope through the basket bolt and earrings, embedded in a heart-shaped ring after back, again with two wire card two way.
3.7.4 wire and turn buckle pull up at the same time, and earrings, on the other end of the hook and rope with big tightening, started from the middle, the wire rope is fixed on the hook, regulating screw make wire basket bolt looseness in conformity with the requirements.
3.7.5 within 50 m when the length of the wire rope, allowing only installed in the end turn buckle; Length of more than 50 m, shall be installed on both ends turn buckle; Every increase 50 m, length should be equipped with a flower basket bolt in the middle.
3.8 installation ground protection
After wire in place, at one end of the wire must be equipped with the apparent protection of ground wire, each flower basket bolts shall be well across the ground wire.
3.9 wire rope hoisting metal tube
3.9.1 choose metal pipe according to the design requirements, three links and five special bright with junction box, the corresponding specifications of the elevator.
3.9.2 when hoisting line, should be carried out in accordance with the mains before the order of the feeder, the processed pipes from beginning to end connected in sequence, connected to the junction box thread should twist and firm, into the box thread must not exceed 2 buckle. The elevator pitch should conform to the requirements for construction and acceptance standard. Each lamp box are used two elevator is fixed on the wire.
3.9.3 double-tube parallel segments, two elevator can be butt up lifting in the form of pipe and wire should be in the same plane.
3.9.4 hoisting overall earthing protection, should be done after finished the ends of the junction box across the ground wire.
3.10 wire rope hoisting plastic pipe
3.10.1 choose according to design requirements for plastic pipe, special match junction box and lamp box, pipe joint and the elevator.
3.10.2 pipe assembly method used for metal pipe assembly, tube into the box and lamp box, can use the connection pipe joint; Two pipe butt coupling available bonding method.
3.10.3 elevator should be fixed flat, elevator spacing should be uniform.
3.11 wire rope sling porcelain column (bead)
3.11.1 according to drawings, accurately measure lamp on the wire, the position of the hanger, and the amount of space between the fixed clamp, to make clearly marked colour paint.
3.11.2 response to processing the second line of homemade flat steel pylon and four wire type flat steel hanger for leveling, alignment, punch, then porcelain column (pearl) vertical flat, firmly fixed on the hanger.
3.11.3 will good porcelain column (pearl) hanger, in accordance with the identified the location of the screwed on the wire. On the wire hanger should not have skewed and loose phenomenon.
3.11.4 terminal hanger and fixed clamp connection must use galvanized stay strong.
3.11.5 porcelain column (pearl) and the installation of the scaffold provisions:
3.11.5.1 porcelain column (pearl) installation, with a hanger or support should be used in general not be less than 30 mm x 30 mm * 3 mm Angle or use should not less than 40 mm x 4 mm flat steel.
3.11.5.2 porcelain column (pearl) fixed to the roof boarding, sheathing thickness should not less than 20 mm.
3.11.5.3 porcelain column (pearl) wiring its support point spacing and allow the distance of the wire shall comply with the terms of table 3 to 30.
3.11.5.4 porcelain column (pearl) wiring conductor to the structure of the minimum distance should comply with the provisions of the table 3-31.
3.11.5.5 porcelain column (pearl) when its wiring insulation minimum distance from ground wires should comply with the provisions of the table 3-32.
3.12 wire rope sling sheathed wire:
3.12.1 according to drawings, measure the lamp on the wire and fixed point position. Will sheath line according to the period of cutting, straightening after on steel frame.
3.12.2 when installation should be started, at the end of the wire pay-off should be wire straighten out first, mark the location of the fixed point at the same time with aluminum clamp in general sheathed wire on the wire, until the end.
3.12.3 at 100 ~ 150 mm on both ends of the junction box should add fixed clamp, box conductor appropriate allowance shall be maintained.
3.12.4 lamps and lanterns for the light chain hoist, from wire junction box to the lamp holder should, in turn, fork in the chain hoist, wire should not be force. Chain hoist, melon seeds chain available plastic wire tie wire vertical on the chain hoist.
3.13 wire rope hoisting metal tube (plastic)
3.13.1 pipe threading: through mains lead can be directly by box, branch wire connector is located in the junction box or apparatus, lead may not appear.
3.13.2 wire connection: see section 3, 8, 3.8 the relevant content.
3.13.3 line inspection and insulating shake: see section 3, 8, 3.11 the relevant content.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 wire terminal TAB must be strong, tension, adjusting device is complete; Wire rope with the end with a special card, the amount shall not be less than two, and use wire binding is firm.
4.1.2 wire and metal pipe, hanger must be reliable grounding protection, in the middle of the flower basket at both ends of the bolt and metal box across the ground wire should do.
Between 4.1.3 wires and wire to ground insulation resistance value must be greater than 0.5 M Ω.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2 the basic items:
The middle of the 2 wire fixed shall meet the following requirements: fixed point between the spacing is not more than 12 m; Hook the rope fixed firmly, derrick or other support point normal stress; Derrick is not skewed, paint is complete. Lifting point even, wire surface is clean, no rust, galvanized wire fixed point spacing is the same, the wire sag.
4.2.2 wire should be horizontal laying flat vertical, there should be no twisting, bending and insulation damage defects such as death. Across the building deformation joint, wire compensation allowance shall be maintained, sheathed wire and the wire through the place such as beam, wall, floor slab should be added when wear protection tube.
Holdings porcelain column (pearl) should be clean, no crack, the phenomenon such as breakage, complete installation cannot be reversed.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.3 allowable deviation projects:
Wire rope piping layout and the allowable deviation inspection methods shall comply with the terms of table 3-33.
Wire rope piping layout of allowable deviation table 3-33
Will project allowable deviation (mm) test method
1 steel pipe wiring 30
2
A variety of piping, hard plastic tube wiring 20
3 support the distance between the plastic sheath line wiring 5
4 porcelain column wiring 30

5 finished product protection
5.1 in the process of electrical equipment installation, don't touch bad other equipment should be paid attention to and the structure of the doors and Windows, metope, ground, etc, and prevent will have apply good loose wires touch and broke.
5.2 after completion of piping, wiring, should not be allowed to spray, brush oil again, in order to avoid pollution wires and electrical appliances.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 wire hanging through large:
6.1.1 before hoisting rope is to pull out, after lifting the vertical drop generated through big. Should adjust turn buckle, make the wire sag is in line with installation requirements.
6.1.2 earrings interface not welding die, bearing graphite open after, spend big cause rope hanging. The earring outlet should be repair welding is firm.
Also 6.1.3 middle span is too large, resulting in vertical to spend. Should be adding lifting point as required.
6.2 wire do not protect the earth wire or protect the cross section of the ground wire is too small, should be in accordance with the ground claim do clear and reliable protection.
6.3 flat steel hanger not vertical, flat, fixed point is loose. Find is should be repaired in time.
6.4 the interval of flat steel hanger uneven, the difference is too big. Should be adjusted according to the specified requirements.
6.5 wire uneven, twisted and relaxation phenomena appear. Should be required to wire straighten out again after straightening binding firmly.
6.6 wire line core damage. Using electric knife cutting easy to damage when insulation wire core. You should use wire stripping pliers stripped wire insulation layer.
6.7 wire connection solder is not full, a virtual welding, the phenomenon such as slag. The temperature of the solder to appropriate, soldering to uniform. Rinse after tin should use cloth to wipe the excess solder in time, maintain the cleanness of joint part.
6.8 wire connector part of the guide layer is not close. Insulation bandaging, should use rubber insulation tape or sticky plastic insulation tape half range overlap closely after dressing, half range overlap bandage tightly with black tape again.
6.9 wire through the wall, the place such as beam, floor slab without wear protection tube. Should take effective remedial measures.
6.10 steel pipe or steel wire tube nozzle is not smooth; Simmer bending ratio is not enough, concave flat to spend. Nozzle of burr should be file up to simmer bending. Replace the concave flat through the large pipe.
6.11 plastic pipe eccentricity have discoloration, socket and concave phenomenon such as flat to spend. Should be replaced to find socket, concave flat and quality don't meet requirement of the pipe.
6.12 sheathed wire wiring poor flatness, aluminum wire clamp not firm, make the relaxation degree of inconsistency of wire or wires local bending. Should straighten wires after fixed.
6.13 through the wall sheathed wire was put on the wall. Should do for protecting tube before wiring.
6.14 piping, box material does not accord with pipes. Metal pipe should choose metal box, plastic pipe should choose plastic box.
7 quality records
7.1 insulation wire, plastic sheath line products certification.
7.2 wire rope piping, wiring project engineering, self-inspection, mutual inspection records.
7.3 design changes regarding the record, record drawings.
7.4 wiring in wire component project quality inspection records.
7.5 electrical insulation resistance test records.

Cooling pipe installation process

Cooling pipe installation
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to refrigeration system working pressure is lower than 2 mpa, temperature within 150 ~ ~ 20 ℃, transmission medium for refrigerant and oil pipe installation project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments
2.1.1 adopted by the pipe and the welding material should comply with the design rules, and have factory qualified certification qualification documents.
2.1.2 refrigeration system of all kinds of valve parts must use special products, and have the factory certificate.
2.1.3 seamless steel tube inside and outside surface should be no significant corrosion, no crack, double skin defects and concave and convex inequality.
2.1.4 brass inside and outside the wall should be bright and clean, and without hole, crack, scarring, spallation or defects such as gas pool.
2.1.5 construction machinery, hoist, air compressor, vacuum pump, hand wheel, grinding wheel cutting machine, pressure table, chain hoist, bench drill, hammer, groove machine, brass plate edge machine, hand saw, cover silk, plate, box spanner socket wrench, ring spanner, active board, spirit level, hammers, welding equipment, etc.
2.1.6 measuring tool: the steel ruler, steel tape, square, semiconductor thermometer, pressure gauge, etc.
2.2 operation conditions
2.2.1 complete design drawings, technical documents, refrigeration technology and construction procedures.
2.2.2 building structure engineering construction, interior decoration, complete basic and pipeline connection equipment installed to look for is finished, pipeline through the structural parts of the holes have been reserved, size is correct. Embedded parts set appropriate so as to meet the requirements of refrigeration pipeline construction.
2.2.3 construction preparation work is done, the material sent to the scene.
3 operation process
3.1 process:

Preview to construction preparation, pipeline installation and system such as blowing - system tightness test -

System vacuum - pipeline corrosion - refrigerant filling and inspection

3.2 the construction preparation
3.2.1, familiar with drawings and technical data about the quality of technological process, construction procedures and technical requirements.
3.2.2 according to construction drawing pipe position, you high, as is shown in steam-water measuring unreeling, find out the embedded iron.
3.2.3 valve of cooling system, before the installation, should according to the design requirements to undertake checking checking to types, specifications, and in accordance with the requirements stated in the specification cleaning and leak test.
3.2.4 refrigerants and lubricating oil system of pipes, pipe fittings should be rust and dirt clean inside and outside the wall, in addition to the rust of pipe nozzle should be closed, and keep inside and outside the wall is dry.
3.2.5 according to the regulations of the design, prefabrication cradle, insulation pipe, support the applied by contact with the pipe anticorrosion treated soil cushion and heat insulation. Wood cushion thickness should be the same as the insulation layer thickness. Type of steam-water spacing are shown in table 4 to 36.
Spacing of steam-water pipes cooling table table 4-36
Pipe diameter
(mm) < phi
X 2.5 phi 45
X 2.5 phi 57
76 x 3.5 x 3.5 phi
89 x 3.5 phi phi 108 x 4
Phi phi 159 133 x 4
X 4.5 219
X 6 > 377
X 7
Biggest spacing between pipes and fittings
(m)
1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3

4

5

6.5


3.3 cooling system pipe, valves, instrument installation.
3.3.1 pipe installation:
3.3.1.1 refrigeration system pipe gradient and slope direction, such as the design without the specific provision shall meet the requirements of table 4-37.
Refrigeration system of the pipe slope wave to table 4 to 37
Pipeline that slope degree to the degree of slope
Oiler and the level of the exhaust pipe section of the condenser is connected to the condenser 3 ~ 5/1000
Condenser to the receiver of the horizontal section of the fluid pipe slope to the receiver 3 ~ 5/1000
Liquid distribution station to the evaporator/exhaust pipe for liquid level of pipe section 1 ~ 3/1000 slope to the evaporator
Evaporator/exhaust pipe to gas distribution station level of muffler section 1 ~ 3/1000 slope to the evaporator
Level of freon compressor suction pipe slope to the compressor
From the oil separator 4 ~ 5/1000
1 ~ 2/1000
The level of ammonia compressor suction pipe slope to low pressure barrels
The slope to the ammonia oil separator 3/1000 or higher
The level of the condensate pipe slope to the drainer 8/1000 or higher

3.3.1.2 refrigeration system of the liquid pipe installation should not have phenomenon of locally convex curved upward, so as to avoid formation of airbags. Gas pipe should not be partial concave downward bending phenomenon. In order to avoid formation of sac.
3.3.1.3 from the liquid main branch, from the bottom of the main or side out, from the gas main pipe, should meet the upper main or side.
3.3.1.4 pipes into tee connection, it should be on the refrigerant flow to turn into a branch pipe arc welding (figure 4 to 37 a) again, when the branch is the same as main diameter and pipe diameter is less than 50 mm, need to change a bigger size in main connection pipe diameter of the pipe section, and welding according to the above provisions (figure 4-37 b).
3.3.1.5 different pipe diameter of the pipe line, when welding the concentric reducer should be adopted (figure 4 to 37 c).
3.3.1.6 appropriate USES socket welding copper pipe connections, or pipe welding, flaring of socket depth should not be less than pipe diameter, flaring direction to the flow direction of medium should meet (figure 4-38).
3.3.1.7 copper tube incision surface should be level, can not have defects such as burrs, concave and convex. Incision plane tilted allow deviation for 1% of the pipe diameter.
3.3.1.8 copper tube heat bending available hot bending or cold bending, ellipticity should not be greater than 8%.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 valve installation:
3.3.2.1 valve installation position, direction and height shall not reverse loading should comply with the design requirements.
3.3.2.2 installation manual stop valve with handle, the handle must not down. Electromagnetic valve, regulating valve, thermal expansion valve and lift check valve, valve head shall be installed vertically upwards.
3.3.2.3 thermodynamic expansion valve thermal bag, should be put back into the trachea at the end of the evaporator, should be good contact, tie tightly, and insulation sealing dress, the same as the thermal insulation layer thickness.
3.3.2.4 relief valve before installation, should check the seal and the factory certificate, shall not be arbitrarily split rev.
3.3.2.5 set shutoff valve between the relief valve and the equipment if, in the work must be in the fully open position, and to the seal.
3.3.3 instrument installation:
3.3.3.1 all measuring instrument is using special products according to design requirements, pressure measuring instrument must use the standard gauge calibration, temperature measuring instrument must be used standard thermometer calibration and make records.
3.3.3.2 all instruments should be installed in the light is good, convenient for observation, not impede operation maintenance.
3.3.3.3 pressure relay and temperature relay shall be installed where is not affected by vibration.
3.4 system blowing, air tightness test and vacuum.
Blow the dirt 3.4.1 track systems:
3.4.1.1 the entire refrigeration system is a sealing surface and clean system, can not have any sundry exists, must use clean and dry air to blow dirty, the whole system will remain in the internal system of scrap iron, welding slag, mud and other debris blowing off.
3.4.1.2 before blowing dirt should choose set in the lowest point of the system directly. By 0.5 ~ 0.6 MPa pressure dry air purging; Such as the system is longer, can use a few segment drain outlet.
The work in order for many times repeatedly, when blown gas were examined with a white cloth without dirt for qualified.
3.4.2 system tightness test:
3.4.2.1 in sewage system after blasting, deal with the whole system (including equipment, valves) for air tightness test.
3.4.2.2 refrigerants for ammonia system, using the compressed air pressure test.
Refrigerants for freon system, adopting the bottled compressed nitrogen pressure testing. For larger refrigeration system of compressed air may be adopted, but must be made after drying treatment and then charged into the system.
3.4.2.3 leak detection methods: with soap and water for all joint system, valves, flange connection parts carefully daub leak detection, etc.
3.4.2.4 under the pressure test, the voltage 24 h after observing pressure value, not a pressure drop for qualified (except temperature).
3.4.2.5 pressure testing such as found in the process of leakage and maintenance must be carried out after pressure relief and shall not take repair.
Air tightness test pressure 3.4.2.6 system are shown in table 4-38.
System of air tightness test pressure MPa (KGF/cm2) table 4-38
refrigerant
The centrifugal chiller system pressure live plug refrigeration machine
R717 R22 R12 R11
Low pressure system
High pressure system 1.176 (12)
1.764 (18) 0.98 (10)
1.56 (16) 0.196 (2)
0.196 (2)
Note: 1. The brackets of KGF/cm2.
2. The low pressure system: refers to the throttle valve on the evaporator to the compressor suction test pressure; High pressure system: refers to the compressor outlet on the condenser to the throttle valve check test pressure.

Solar water heating equipment and piping installation process

Solar water heating equipment and piping installation
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to civil and general industrial building general flat straight tube type solar water heater and pipe installation.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 type solar energy water heater in accordance with the design requirements. The finished product should be produce certificates.
2.1.2 collector material requirements:
2.1.2.1 transparent cover high requirements of shortwave solar radiation transmittance, reflection and absorption rate of long wave radiation, weather resistance, durability, good heat resistance, light weight and has certain strength. Appropriate USES 3 ~ 5 mm thick iron content of less toughened glass.
2.1.2.2 panels and surface area.the should be black paint, should have the climate resistance, adhesion, high strength.
2.1.2.3 area.the requires the high thermal conductivity, wall smooth, flow friction small, not easy to rust, no pollution water quality, high strength, good durability, easy processing of materials, appropriate USES of brass and stainless steel tube; General use galvanized carbon steel or alloy aluminum tube. Cartridge collector can use 2 ~ 3 mm thickness of plastic pipe (pvc-u), etc.
2.1.2.4 panels should have good thermal conductivity and durability, not easy to rust, appropriate USES aluminium alloy plate, aluminum plate, stainless steel plate or the corrosion process of plate.
2.1.2.5 collector should have insulation and shell, thermal insulation layer can use mineral cotton, glass cotton, foam, etc., the shell can use wood, steel, glass reinforced plastics, etc.
2.1.3 hot water system of pipes and pipe fittings should be galvanized carbon steel pipe and pipe fittings. Asking to see the second chapter.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 machinery: vertical lifting machine, set of silk machine, grinding wheel saws, electric hammer, electric drill, electric welding machine, electric hydraulic test pump etc.
2.2.2 tools: set of live wire plate, pipe wrench, wrench, hacksaw, pressure pliers, hammer, simmer bending machine, welding tools, etc.
2.2.3 other appliances: steel tape line, feet, square box, spirit level, fall, protractor, etc.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 set on the roof of the solar water heater, shall be installed after roof covering layer.
2.3.2 roof structure should be able to bear load new solar water heater equipment.
2.3.3 the solar energy water heater in the balcony, should be in the balcony column board installed with safety protection measures shall be performed.
2.3.4 solar water heater installation position, should guarantee the sufficient sunshine intensity.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Installation readiness to support an installation, water heater equipment assembly and distribution pipe road to pipeline system pressure testing, installation

Piping system flushing or purge to temperature control instrument installation, pipeline corrosion protection, system debugging

3.2 installation preparation:
3.2.1 according to design requirements for unpacking check the specifications of the water heater model is correct, accessories are complete.
3.2.2 clean-up, painting line positioning.
3.3 support production installation, should be designed according to the detail, generally for the finished assembly at the scene. The support frame anchor plate installation should meet the design requirements.
3.4 the water heater equipment assembly:
3.4.1 track tube collector plate collector is now widely used, and the thermal storage tank, tilt installation. Collector glass installation should be well lap or box type connection.
3.4.2 collector installation location: in the northern hemisphere, is the best position of collector facing south, maximum offset Angle shall not be greater than 15 °.
Rule 3.4.3 collector: installation Angle should be used according to season and local latitude to determine the best Angle.
3.4.3.1 in spring, summer, autumn three season, when using Angle set using local latitude.
3.4.3.2 only when used in the summer, 10 ° Angle set is smaller than the local latitude.
3.4.3.3 use or for the whole year in the winter, when using only 10 ° Angle is larger than the local latitude.
3.4.4 directly heating thermal storage tank making installation:
3.4.4.1 water supply should lead to the bottom of the tank, can use make-up water tank or funnel water distribution.
3.4.4.2 hot water flowed from the upper water tank, have highly general over 50 ~ 100 mm lower than the circular tube on the import, to ensure that all the water tank is used, should be at the bottom of the tank after the upper pipe and hot water pipe in parallel.
3.4.4.3 circulation pipe connected to water tank on the top, generally lower than the tank top of about 200 mm, but to ensure the normal circulation submerged under water, and float valve after installation work.
3.4.4.4 under circular tube from the tank bottom, in order to prevent water tank sediment into the collector, the outlet should be higher than the bottom of the tank above 50 mm.
3.4.4.5 by collectors, fixation of pipe to the hot water tank on the circulation pipeline, should not be less than 0.005 grade.
3.4.4.6 tank shall be equipped with drain pipe, vent pipe, overflow and need of instrumentation.
3.4.4.7 heat storage water tank installation to ensure the normal circulation, hot water storage department must be higher than that of collector at the bottom of a peak above 200 mm, up and down outside the header is located in the collector should be higher than that of more than 600 mm.
3.4.5 road pipes installation
3.4.5.1 natural circulation system piping installation:
A. to reduce head loss, should try to shorten the length of the upper and lower circular pipe and reduce the number of elbow, should be used more than 4 times the radius of curvature, wall smooth elbow and downstream tee.
B should not be set on the pipeline valve.
C is set up in a few collectors, collectors can be parallel, series, or combination, but to ensure that the circulation flow uniform distribution, so as to prevent short circuit and stagnation, and the circulation line to symmetric installation, the cycle of the loop head loss of balance.
D to prevent gas resistance and viscous flow, the circulation line (including upper and lower header) installation shall not be less than 0.01 grade, so that the exhaust. Line a peak should establish ventilation tube or automatic exhaust valve.
E low circulation line system should add drain valve, all can make the system water drainage net. Each collector export should add thermometer.
3.4.5.2 mechanical circulation system suitable for large-scale water heater equipment. Installation requirements and natural circulation basic same, should also pay attention to the following:
A water pump installation should be able to meet the normal operation of 100 ℃ high temperature.
B or indirect heating system high should add expansion tube expansion tank.
3.4.6 hot water supply piping system installation with 1 to 2.
3.4.7 pipeline system pressure test, hydraulic test should be in before did not have heat preservation, the pressure value shall be the pipeline system working pressure of 1.5 times. Minimum not less than 0.5 MPa.
3.4.8 system pressure test should be done after flushing or blow off work, until will cleanse the dirt.
3.4.9 water heater system installed, before the completion of installation temperature control instrument according to the requirements of design.
3.4.10 according to design requirements to do a good job of anticorrosion and thermal insulation.
3.4.11 solar water heater system debugging and running, before completion of system filled with water, air, check the circulation line with or without gas resistance and stagnation, and the mechanical circulation pump running situation and examine whether the temperature rise of each circuit balancing, completes the temperature records, the temperature rise of the water through the collector should be commonly 3 ~ 5 ℃. Meets the requirements after the completion of the acceptance formalities.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 solar water heater system hydrostatic test results and the thermal storage tank filled with water test must comply with the design requirements and the rules and regulations of construction.
Inspection method: inspect system test record and water tank filled with water test record.
4.1.2 solar water heater systems delivery must be to wash or purge before use.
Inspection method: inspect flush or purge records.
4.2 the basic items:
2 thermal storage tank bracket or base installation should lay flat and firm, comply with the design requirements, the size and position water tank and bracket close contact.
Inspection method: to observe the inspection and control design drawings.
4.2.2 tank paint shall be good adhesion, film thickness uniformity, colour and lustre is consistent, no flow and pollution phenomenon.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.3 allowable deviation projects:
Allow the solar water heater installation deviation and inspection methods are shown in table l - 22.
The solar water heater installed allowable deviation and test methods - 22 in table 1
The project would allow deviation check method
The high center (mm) plus or minus 20 feet off the ground
Fixed installation toward the maximum deflection Angle > 15 ° degree instrument examination

5 finished product protection
5.1 collector should be protected in the process of transportation and installation, to prevent the glass broken.
5.2 temperature control instrument should be in before the completion of installation, to prevent the loss and damage.
5.3 the solar water heater in winter when not in use should be spill net system.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 the solar water heater heating effect is not good.
6.1.1 correctly adjust the installation position and Angle of the collector, guarantee the best sunshine intensity.
6.1.2 adjust up and down slope and shorten the pipe of the circular tube, prevent gas blocks the flow and to reduce the loss of resistance.
Also 6.1.3 solar water heater installation location should avoid the shadow of other buildings, guarantee the sufficient sunshine intensity.
6.1.4 solar water heater, when installation should be avoided in the chimney smoke facilities and other produce downwind, transparent cover to prevent dust pollution influence pervious to light.
6.1.5 the solar water heater should avoid tuyere, in order to reduce heat loss.
7 should possess the quality of the record
7.1 should have the materials and equipment factory certificate.
7.2 material and equipment in the inspection records.
7.3 piping system engineering.
7.4 piping system hidden inspection records.
7.5 pressure testing of piping system for record.
7.6 system flushing records.
7.7 heat storage water tank filled with water test record.
7.8 system debugging record.

Plastic sheath line wiring process

Plastic sheath line wiring
1 scope
This technology standard is suitable for indoor electrical lighting plastic sheath line wiring project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 plastic sheath line: specification, type of the wire must comply with the design requirements, and have the factory certificate.
2.1.2 screw connection button: should choose according to wire section and the root of the wire number corresponding models of spiral wire reinforced insulation steel shell button.
2.1.3 LC about secure line pressing cap demanded to see the 3-8, article 2.1.5 related content.
2.1.4: casing pipe with copper, aluminum casing pipe and copper aluminum casing three transition, when choose, should adopt corresponding casing with conductor material specifications.
2.1.5 terminals (commonly known as wiring nose) : when choose, should choose according to conductor is the root of the number and the total cross section corresponding specifications of the terminal.
2.1.6 auxiliary materials: galvanized wood screw, solder and flux, aluminium, wood and brick, nail clip, rubber insulation tape, glue plastic insulation tape, black tape, junction box, porcelain connector, etc.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 pencil, tape measure, spirit level, line drop shovel, bucket, ash, chalk line bags.
2.2.2 electrician tools, commonly used hammer and chisel, hacksaw, saw blade, hand electric drill, impact drill, electric hammer).
2.2.3 megohmmeter, multimeter, tool bag, toolbox, high stool, etc.
2.3 operation conditions
2.3.1 cooperate with civil engineering structure construction stage, according to the design size, embedded good wood brick and pipe wall.
2.3.2 interior decoration engineering all over.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Wooden brick, protecting tube embedded
Play sheathed wire wire line inspection

Positioning line insulation shake test
Install plastic bulge

3.2 bullet line positioning, the plastic sheath line wiring shall meet the following requirements:
Wooden table 3.2.1 line card distance shall not be greater than 50 mm, junction box and the corner. Line card maximum distance of 300 mm, uniform spacing, allowable deviation of 5 mm.
3.2.2 line, when they met with other pipe should be jacketed protection tube and round; The minimum distance between pipeline and other packages to see 3-1, as shown in table 3-2.
3.3 embedded wood brick and protect mistakes 3-9, section 3.2 relevant content.
3.4 play line positioning method 3, 9, 3. L section related content.
3.5 installation plastic bulge mistakes 3, 9, section 3.3 relevant content.
3.6 sheathed wire wiring:
According to the original embedded good wood brick and the location of the plastic expansion tubes, pop-up chalk line, determine the fixed distance. Use aluminum clamp nail on the wooden brick, use wood screws to junction box and switch box, bolt box is fixed on the plastic tube expanding. Good, according to the actual measuring circuit wire length and cut. From one end of the line segment installation, laying, and fixed. Then put the wire straightening sanity.
3.7 wire connection:
According to the size of the junction box set aside the length of the wire, cutting insulation cladding. According to the material color to distinguish between phase line and neutral line wires or protect the earth, the multimeter test.
3.7.1 screw connections button please see section 3, 8, 3.8 the part.
3.7.2 LC secure line pressing cap connection, please see section 3, 8, 3.8 relevant part.
3.7.3 copper wire bonding. Cut for the core, with emery cloth, polishing, alignment, insulation layer, with one of the core wire on the rest of the wire core closely around 5 ~ 7 laps. To bind to the rest of the line after the top of the core back to compaction. With a little flux, put the hot soldering tin in the bucket. After the welding wipe residual flux, to bind up please see section 3, 8, 3.8 the relevant content.
3.7.4 aluminum casing pressure: please see section 3, 8, 3.8 the relevant content.
3.7.5 line inspection and insulating shake please see section 3 a 8, 3.11 the relevant content.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 sheathed wire varieties, specifications, quality meet the design requirements. Between the wire and wire to ground of insulation resistance must be greater than 0.5 M Ω. Test method: the measured or check the shake test record.
4.1.2 wires are strictly forbidden to have twisted, die bending, such as insulation damage and protect casing cracking phenomenon. Plastic sheath line it is forbidden to directly buried laying in plaster. Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2 the basic items:
2 sheathed wire laying flat, neat, fixed reliable, the beams, walls, floor and the place such as crossing the line protection tube. Across the building deformation joint fixed tightly on both ends of the wire, compensation allowance shall be maintained.
4.2.2 conductor Ming fu part close to the surface buildings, dogan parallel spacing is consistent, laying branch and elbow and tidy.
Holdings wire connection is firm, bandage tightly, good insulation, not wound wire core, joint is located in the junction box or electrical appliances; Plate hole without joint; Junction box position is correct, complete lifted the lid, level off, lead into the wiring box electric appliance with adequate margin. Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.3 allowable deviation projects:
Sheath line wiring allow deviation, bending radius and testing methods are shown in table 3-28.
Sheath line wiring allowable deviation, bending radius and inspection method of table 3-28
Will project test method of allowable deviation or bending radius
1 fixed point spacing 5 mm feet quantity check

Straightness 5 mm cord, foot quantity check
Verticality messenger wire, 5 mm feet quantity check
3 minimum bending radius 3 b 'or higher quantity check
Note: b for the lateral thickness of sheath line or flat sheath line width.

5 finished product protection
5.1 wiring, should maintain a clean and tidy ceiling, metope, find wooden brick shall not damage the wall, playing chalk line should be light yellow or other light color.
5.2 wiring is completed, can not spray and brush oil, to prevent pollution of conductor and electrical appliances, don't touch when the moving loose wires.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 line spacing uneven, exceed the allowable deviation, and loose, such as uneven phenomenon. Should be adjusted and fixed again.
6.2 wire is flabby, bending, straightness, perpendicularity error. Should restore the wire straightening, graphite, according to the requirement to fasten on wire clamp with lines.
6.3 deformation joints of wires without leave compensation allowance. Should make compensation device and obligate compensation allowance.
6.4 wire on the floor, walls, beams and not do with other pipes crisscross protection tube, should be fill in a timely manner.
6.5 wire connection, welding, package is not in conformity with the requirements, shall be in accordance with the section 3 to 8, 3.11 relevant content to do it.
6.6 junction box opening is too big, and anastomosed with the sheath line not opening should repair or change new junction box, opening again as required.
7 quality records
7.1 sheathed wire products certification.
7.2 sheath line wiring project engineering, self-inspection, mutual inspection records.
7.3 design changes regarding the record, record drawings.
7.4 sheathed wire wiring subentry engineering quality inspection records.

Steel manual arc welding construction technology

Steel manual arc welding
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil construction steel and built-in parts manual electric arc welding.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 reinforced: reinforced level, diameter must comply with the design requirements, have the factory certificate and retest report. Imported steel shall also have the chemical second-round exam list, its chemical composition should meet the requirements of welding, and shall have the solderability test. Embedded parts of Ⅰ, Ⅱ grade steel anchor application. Reinforcement should be no rust and oil pollution.
2.1.2 steel: steel embedded parts shall not have deformation, crack, rust, spot, the section size and mechanical properties shall comply with the design requirements.
2.1.3 electrode, electrode of the brand should comply with the regulations of design. If design has no rules, should conform to the requirements of table 4-14, welding quality should meet the following requirements:
Steel welding electrode used brand table 4 to 14
Items are reinforced level lap welding, help the welding groove welding
Level 1 Ⅰ E4303 E4303 E4303
Level 2 Ⅱ E4303 E4303 E5003
Level 3 Ⅲ E5003 E5003 E5503
4 Ⅰ, Ⅱ E4303 with steel plate welding
Note: do not contain 25 mnsi steel bar.
2.1.3.1 coated shall be no cracks, porosity, concave and convex inequality defects, and shall not be visible to the naked eye could see eccentricity.
Should 2.1.3.2 during the welding process, arc burning stability, melting and evenly coated nothing block falls off phenomenon.
2.1.3.3 electrode must be according to the requirement of the welding specification to use after drying.
2.1.3.4 electrode must have the factory certificate.
2.1.4 arc welding machine, welding cable, welding tongs, masks, cut, wire brush, file, hammer, steel figure, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 welder must hold a certification exam.
Article 2.2.2 for size, groove Angle, steel end clearance, joint position and steel axis should comply with the rules.
Then the power should comply with the requirements.
2.2.4 job site to have the necessary safety protection facilities, fire prevention and ventilation measures to prevent burns, electric shock, poisoning, fire accident, etc.
2.2.5 familiar with drawings, technical exchanges.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Try to select welding parameters, welding inspection equipment simulation specimen - try to determine welding parameters,
Up to the quality inspection
3.2 check the power supply, welding machine and tools. Welding ground should be in contact with the steel bar is good, prevent burns reinforced by striking.
3.3 choose welding parameters. According to the level of reinforcement, diameter, joint type and welding position, choose suitable electrode diameter, welding layer number and welding current, ensure good weld fusion and rc.
3.4 test weld, do simulation specimens. Before the formal each batch steel welding, welding should be three simulation do tension test specimen, after test, can according to determine welding parameters of batch production.
3.5 welds operation:
3.5.1 track of arc: plate or the help of the joint, arc is performed on the steel plate or help. No steel plate or without the help of the joint, arc should be part of the formation of weld, the main reinforcement to prevent burns.
3.5.2 positioning: when welding welding welding anchor point again first.
3.5.3 stretch: stretch the straight line, horizontal swing and sent to the electrode three actions to coordinate smoothly.
3.5.4 are-receive: when you receive arc, molten pool should be fill in, pull out the arc, the molten pool should be fill in, be careful not to cause arc scratch in work surfaces.
2.6.2 multi-layer welding, such as reinforcing bar diameter is larger, multi-layer welds are required should be layered continuous welding, each layer after welding, slag removal and welding the next layer. Should guarantee the weld height and length.
3.5.6 fusion: during the welding process should be sufficient penetration. Main weld and position of weld should be combined with good, avoid porosity, slag inclusion and burn defects, and prevent the cracks.
3.5.7 flat, flat welding should pay attention to the phenomenon of slag and molten iron, prevent slag flow to the front of the molten iron. Molten pool also should control into oval, generally using the right welding method, welding rod and working surface to 70 °.
3.5.8 vertical: vertical welding, hot metal and slag is easily separated. To prevent molten pool temperature is too high, hot metal drop flash formation, operation electrode and vertical plane form 60 ° ~ 80 ° Angle. Make the arc slightly upward, blowing bath center. Arc welding first, pin up article, at the same time as a smaller transverse swing, the rest of the each layer with a semicircular horizontal swing and pick up the welding arc method.
3.5.9 horizontal; Electrode rotated 70 ° ~ 70 °, prevent molten iron sank to the factory by the weight of groove. Stretch to the uphill mouth does not make the arc pause, quickly to downhill mouth roots as a tiny transverse stability of arc movement, average for welding in turn.
3.5.10 overhead welding: overhead welding time short arc welding with small current, dissolved in appropriate thin, shall ensure that with the parent metal in good fusion. Before and after the first layer of weld with short arc push pull, welding rod and welding direction into 8 ° ~ 90 ° Angle. The rest of the every layer electrode horizontal pendulum, and in the groove side slightly pause arc stability, guarantee on both sides of the fusion.
Article 3.5.11 reinforcement for welding.
Article 3.5.11.1 reinforcement for welding is suitable for the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ grade steel. Reinforcement for the appropriate USES double welding, welding as shown in figure 4-27 (a), cannot undertake welding by both sides, also can use welding by one side, as shown in figure 4-27 (b).
Figure 4-27 steel welding head
Article for appropriate USES level with the main muscle, with the diameter of the reinforcing bar, the article for the length l are shown in table 4 to 15. Article such as help the level with the main reinforcement phase at the same time, the diameter of the article for a specification can be smaller than the main bar diameter. Such as help bar diameter and the main reinforcement phase at the same time, help of reinforced low than the main reinforcement in a level.
3.5.11.2 reinforced for a joint weld thickness should be not less than 0.3 d h, weld width is not less than 0.7 d, b as shown in figure 4 to 28.
Reinforced help article length table 4 to 15
A second level of steel weld type help article length l
The single side welding
Double sided welding or 8 d
4 d or higher
The single side welding
Double sided welding 10 or more d
5 d or higher
Note: d's diameter.
Figure 4-28 weld size diagram
A - weld width; Figure 4-29 h - the thickness of the weld
3.5.11.3 reinforcement for welding, steel assembly and welding shall meet the following requirements:
A. between two main reinforcement end, should be 2 ~ 5 mm gap.
B. article to help with the main muscle between with four fixed location, location of weld should help end of article 20 mm above.
C. welding, arc should be at one end of the article to help start, arc shall be on the end of the article for the reinforcement, arc pit should be filled. The first layer of weld should have enough penetration, Lord and position of weld seam, especially in the beginning of the weld and terminal, should be good fusion.
3.5.12 reinforced lap welding:
3.5.12.1 reinforced lap welding: suitable for Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ grade steel. When welding, appropriate USES welding by both sides, as shown in figure 4-29 (a). Wood can do double-sided welding, also can be used welding by one side, as shown in figure 4-29 (b). The lap length l should be with the help of the same length, are shown in table 4 to 15.
3.5.12.2 lap joint weld thickness h should be not less than 0.3 d, weld width b no less than 0.7 d.
3.5.12.3 lap welding, the assembly and welding steel shall meet the following requirements:
A. lap welding, steel bar should be bending, in order to make sure the axis of the two steel on an axis.
Under the condition of prefabricated field installation, the overlap between node steel welding, such as steel bar bending and difficulties, can be appropriately bending.
B. lap welding, with two fixed, localization of weld joints should be from the end more than 20 mm.
C. welding, arc should be at one end of the lap steel bar, the arc should be on the end of the lap steel, arc pit should be filled. The first layer of weld should have enough penetration, Lord and position of weld seam, especially in the beginning of the weld and terminal, should be good fusion.
3.5.13 embedded parts tee joint arc welding: embedded parts tee joint arc welding joint form of fillet weld and perforated plug welding, as shown in figure 4-30.
Figure 4-30 embedded parts tee joint
(a) fillet welding; (b) perforated plug
When welding, shall meet the following requirements:
Delta 3.5.13.1 steel plate thickness is not less than 0.6 d, and should not be less than 6 mm.
3.5.13.2 reinforced Ⅰ, Ⅱ level should be adopted. Stress anchor reinforcement should not be less than 8 mm diameter, structure anchor reinforcement should not be less than 6 mm diameter. The anchoring reinforcement within 6 ~ 25 mm in diameter, can use fillet welding; Anchor bar diameter of 20 ~ 32 mm, appropriate USES perforated plug welding.
3.5.13.3 using Ⅰ grade steel, fillet weld leg K is not less than 0.5 d; Using Ⅱ grade steel, welding seam welding feet k is not less than 0.6 d.
3.5.13.4 welding current shoulds not be too large, it is forbidden to burn reinforced.
3.5.14 reinforced with steel plate lap welding: reinforced with steel plate lap welding, the joint form shown in figure 4-31. Ⅰ level reinforced the lap length l of not less than 5 d. Weld width b not less than 0.5 d, weld thickness h is not less than 0.35 d.
Figure 4-31 reinforced with steel plate lap joint
3.5.15 in the installation of prefabricated frame structure, the steel welding shall meet the following requirements.
3.5.15.1 two steel axis offset is larger, appropriate USES cold bending straightening, but shall not use the hammers. Such as cold bending straightening have difficulty, can use oxyacetylene flame correction after heating, the heating temperature shall not exceed 850 ℃, reinforcement to avoid burns.
3.5.15.2 during welding, should choose the reasonable welding sequence, the column between nodes, can be symmetrical welding, to reduce the deformation of the structure.
3.5.16 reinforced low temperature welding:
3.5.6.1 at ambient temperature below 5 ℃ under the condition of welding, for steel welding at low temperature. The welding of low temperature, in addition to comply with the relevant provisions of the normal temperature welding, should adjust the welding process parameters, the welding seam and heat affected zone slow cooling. Wind more than 4, the measures should file the wind. Not cooling after welding joint should avoid touching the ice and snow.
3.5.16.2 reinforced the arc welding of low temperature and welding process shall meet the following requirements:
A. to help flat welding or lap welding, the first layer of weld, arc in the middle, and the first to carry arc on both ends; When vertical, from middle to top first arc, arc, again from the bottom to the middle in order to make the reinforced connector end as part of the preheating effect. Each layer seam welding in the future, adopt hierarchical welding temperature control. Interpass temperature control between 150 ~ 350 ℃, to have the effect of slow cooling.
B. Ⅱ, Ⅲ steel welding joint for multi-layer welds, using "back HuoHan welding method", is finally back to HuoHan length than the top layer of weld in shortened 4 ~ 6 mm is at each end, as shown in figure 4-32, to eliminate or reduce weld layer and the hardening of the overheating of organization, to improve the performance of the joint.
Figure 4-32 reinforced low temperature welding back HuoHan schematic diagram
(a) for welding; (b) lap welding; (c) groove welding
C. slightly increase welding current, welding speed slow down appropriately.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 quality and varieties of steel, welding rod used in the brand, performance, and the joint of steel plate and steel, both must comply with the design requirements and the provisions of the relevant standards.
Note: imported steel should first through chemical composition test and welding test, accord with the relevant provisions of the rear can welding.
Inspection method: inspect the factory certificate and test report.
4.1.2 reinforced specifications, the location of the welded joint, the percentage of the joint in the same cross-section must comply with the design requirements and construction norms.
Methods: to observe the or feet quantity check.
4.1.3 the strength of the welding joint inspection must be qualified.
From the finished product taking five connectors for each batch of the tensile test. For steel welding joint of fabricated structure node, according to production conditions to make simulation specimens.
Welding conditions in the factory, with 300 type connector (with reinforced level, with the joint type) as a group.
Under the condition of on-site installation, every one to two floors with 300 types of connectors (and the level of reinforcement, and the joint type, and welding position) as a group, less than 300, is still as a batch.
Inspection method: inspect welding specimen test report.
4.2 basic items: the operator should be in joint slag removal after inspect the appearance quality of the weldment, the inspection result shall meet the following requirements:
2 welding surface level off, can not have larger sag, flash.
4.2.2 must not have joint crack.
Holdings bit depth, the number and size of porosity, slag inclusion, as well as the joint size deviation, shall not exceed the value given in table 4 to 16.
Rebar arc joint size deviation and defect permitted (mm) table 4-16
Will project allow deviation test methods
Article 1 for the amount of vertical migration d 0.5 feet along the center line of the joint
Joint bending
Embedded parts 4 ° T joint space between steel
Not more than 10
3 reinforced joint axis offset of 0.1 d and quantity is not more than 3 feet
+ 0.05 d
0
0.1 d
0
Amount of feet
Weld length of 6-0.5 d
7 cross bite edge 0.5 visual depth
The number and size of weld porosity and slag in 2 d long welding
Embedded inserts tee joint seam surface porosity of 2, 6 mm23,
The diameter is not more than 1.5
Note: 1. D for the steel bar diameter.
2. Under negative temperature, bite edge depth is not greater than 0.2 mm.
Appearance inspection, unqualified joints can be submitted after trimming or reinforcing secondary acceptance.
Test method: visual or measurement.
5 finished product protection
Pay attention to the protection of colligation good has reinforced skeleton, not random on random, non-stick oil, in the construction of the demolition of frame to repair, ensure reinforced skeleton reinforced location is correct.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
Article 6.1 check for size, end clearance groove Angle, steel, steel axis deviation, and surface quality of steel, is not in conformity with the requirements shall not be welded.
6.2 take the wiring should be in contact with the steel is good, do not get optional disorderly, prevent the arc.
Article 6.3 with steel plate or help joint, arc is performed on the steel plate or help. No steel plate or without the help of the joint, arc should be in the form of weld spot, shall not be arbitrarily arc, the main reinforcement to prevent burns.
6.4 according to the level of reinforcement, diameter, joint type and welding position, choose suitable electrode diameter and welding current, ensure good weld fusion and rc.
6.5 timely slag removal in the process of welding, the weld surface smooth level off, the weld appearance, strengthen the weld should be smooth transition, arc pit should be filled.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records:
7.1 steel factory quality certificate or test report.
7.2 steel mechanical performance test report.
7.3 imported steel chemical composition inspection report and solderability test report. Domestic reinforced brittle fracture occurred during machining process, welding performance and mechanical performance is significantly abnormal, should have a chemical composition inspection report.
7.4 steel joint tensile test report.
7.5 having reinforced tee joint tensile test report.
7.6 electrode factory certificate.

Steel, wooden frame glass Windows installation process

Steel, wooden frame glass Windows installation
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil building plate, embossed, grinding, heat, heat reflection, hollow, sandwich, wire, toughened, color glass, glass block glass installation, etc.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments: glass and glass brick varieties, specifications and colors should comply with the design requirements, its quality should comply with the relevant product standards.
2.1.1 glass, plate, wire, grind arenaceous, color, embossing, absorption of heat, heat reflection, hollow, laminated and toughened glass block, varieties, specifications according to the requirements of design selection;
Lighting ceiling glass, such as the design requirements, appropriate USES interlining, wire, steel, and made up of the insulating glass.
2.1.2 putty, putty: can be directly buy to the finished product in the market; Can also refer to the following mixture to make up:
Big white powder (calcium carbonate) 100
Mixed oil 13 ~ 14
The mixed oil mixture ratio:
Three line dewaxed oil 63
Cooked tung oil 30
Stearic acid 2.10
4.90 loose ointment
Identification of the putty technical performance indicators can refer to the following inspection:
2.1.2.1 appearance: plastic, not oil, not glue the hand, and have soft, tensile, support, for gray thick plastic solid paste.
2.1.2.2 sclerosis: after putty daub, room temperature should be within 20 days and nights of hardening;
2.1.2.3 range: 55 ~ 66 mm;
2.1.2.4 freeze-thaw: - 30 ℃ every 6 hours, repeated five times not crack, not to take off the box;
2.1.2.5 heat: 60 ℃ every 6 hours, repeated five times no flow, no running, no bubbles;
2.1.2.6 bond: not less than 00.5 MPa.
2.1.3 other materials: red lead, lead glass, nails, wire clip, wick, rubber MATS, wooden bead, kerosene, etc.
2.1.4 main machine; Table, glass cutter, foot board, steel tape (3 m), wooden folding rule, g wire clamp,, putty knife, small hammer with wooden handle, with flat feet, cotton silk or cloth, brush, tool bag, seat belts and other equipment.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 gold stone should be in inside and outside the glass doors and Windows installed, after passing inspection, and before the last line of besmear brushs paint for installation.
Glass partition glass installation, also should refer to the above regulations for installation.
2.2.2 before steel door window glass installation, should check to see if there is distortion and deformation, etc., should be renovated and selection, installation of glass again.
2.2.3 the size of the glass before installation shall be in accordance with the design requirements and reference to the measured size and concentration of the system in advance, adjust good glass, should according to different specifications and installation order packed in a safe place for later use.
For centralized processing approach of semi-finished products, after the trial installation has grown two millimeters should be targeted to choose a few, and in advance to verify the size of the incoming material allowance, each aspect should be to reduce the l a cut a quarter of the mouth wide (typically the top and bottom margin of each piece of glass 3 mm, 4 mm width allowance), edges must not have inclined curved or missing Angle, etc., should be processed again or replace if necessary.
Aluminum alloy frame, door glass cut size should comply with the national standard, and meet the requirements of design and installation (see the aluminum alloy frame, glass door installation process).
2.2.4 by the refined oil market buy grey, or use the ripe tung oil and other natural drying oil putty was prepared by oneself, can be used directly; As with other oils prepared putty, must pass a test qualified rear can use, in case the wasteful.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
The glass selection, the system - points specification packed - before installation wipe to scrape the bottom putty, glass Mosaic - >
Scraping putty, net edge
3.2 will need to install the glass, respectively by the number of parts specifications, has laid a good glass in place; Distribute the number of the number of the installation shall prevail, unfavorable and overmuch, in order to reduce handling and reduce the wastage of the glass.
3.3 general installation sequence should be AnWai doors and Windows, doors and Windows in Ann, after the first northwest southeast the order of the installation; Allow such as labor force, also can be installed at the same time.
3.4 before installation should clean up the cutting mouth glass. Between the glass bottom surface and the cutting mouth first, evenly along the length of the cutting mouth 1 ~ 3 mm thick bottom putty, then push the glass paving and compaction, and then the net bottom ash.
3.5 glass bulldozed, after compaction, quadrilateral respectively on the nail nails, nail spacing is 150 ~ 200 mm, each side should be not less than two nails, nail after with handle gently knock on the glass, noise, solid glass install level; If sound taps la la, putty is lax, to remove the glass again, after laying solid bottom putty, squeezing another flat, then filled with putty, the gray edge pressing pressure light; If use wooden battens fixed, should besmear again drying oil, and must not be too tightly on the glass.
3.6 glass steel doors and Windows installation, application of wire fixed card, wire spacing shall not be greater than 300 mm, and shall not be less than 2 per side, filled with putty finishing; If the rubber mat, rubber pad will be first embedded inside the mouth, cutting and layering and screw fixation.
3.7 installation inclined skylight glass, such as design requirements, should use wired glass, and should begin from the downstream water direction cover fold installation, cover fold of the lap joint length shall be determined by the slope of the skylight, when the slope is a quarter or more than a quarter, not less than 30 mm; When slope is less than 1/4, not less than 50 mm, cover the applied wire fixed card, fold and embedded in the gaps with sealant filled dense; If use flat glass, want to set up under the glass layer galvanized wire mesh.
3.8 if it is stained glass and figured glass installation, should be in accordance with the design pattern is carefully cut, flat-fell seam must be identical, not allowed to appear dislocation and oblique loose defects.
3.9 the installation of glass block shall meet the following requirements:
3.9.1 installation of glass block, partition wall and ceiling skeleton, should be connected to the structure of the firm.
3.9.2 vitreous brick should be evenly aligned neatly, graphics comply with the design requirements, smooth surface, sealing putty or sealant should be full of dense.
3.10 the balcony, stair or stair column board of palisade structure installation of toughened glass, should according to the design requirements with the clamping screw or layering are fixed; In glass and metal frame connected to it, should pad rubber or plastic pad.
3.1.1 installing a embossed glass or frosted glass, figured glass flower surface should be outward, ground glass frosted surface to the interior.
3.12 when installing the glass partition, partition the top shall have the right amount of equity gap, in order to prevent the structure deformation and damage of glass extrusion.
3.13 death glass Windows installation, should be with a flat wooden layering pried, exit the layering on small nails at the same time, and will cut mouth on bottom putty, push the glass pave the whole, then embedded good sides of wooden nail up a nail bead, bottom ash repaired, scrape.
3.14 installation of hollow glass and glass area is greater than 0.65 m2, installed on the glass mullion, should be put on two pieces of positioning block, positioning block from the glass on the edge of the vertical distance officer for glass a quarter of the wide, and should not be less than 150 mm. Installed in the window glass, according to the open direction determine positioning block position, the positioning block width should be greater than the thickness of the glass, should not be less than 25 mm length, and should meet the design requirements.
3.15 aluminum alloy frame glass Windows installation. Glass in place after the edge shall not be into contact with box fan and its fittings, left by clearance shall comply with the provisions of the relevant standards. The material shall not affect the drainage hole; Sealant to seal seam, seal affixed the width and depth of should comply with the design requirements, must be solid, smooth, bright and clean.
3.16 glass is installed, should be cleaned up, the putty, nails, wire and wood bead with clean, shut the doors and Windows.
3.17 winter construction should be in already installed glass room assignments, temperature should be above the positive temperature; Storage warehouse and surface temperature of the glass can't vary too much, such as glass, never too cold or hot environment brought into operation place, should be the glass temperature close to room temperature after installation; If conditions permit, to cut good glass transported into the work site ahead of schedule in advance. Exterior wall aluminum alloy frame, wooden door glass installation should be winter period.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 glass varieties, specifications, color, orientation and installation methods must comply with the design requirements and the requirements of the relevant standards.
4.1.2 glass cut size, correct installation must be smooth, firm, no loose phenomenon.
4.2 the basic items:
2 putty bottom ash, putty with glass, strong cutting mouth binding, edge and cut flush mouth, four corners into eight, the surface is smooth, no cracks, pits and wrinkled skin.
4.2.2 the number of fixed glass nail or wire card should comply with the construction norms, specifications should comply with the requirements, and shall not reveal the surface of the putty.
Holdings wood bead set nail should be flush with cutting edge close to the mouth, cutting Angle and tidy, compact connection, not head of nail.
4.2.4 rubber mat with the mouth, glass cutting and layering clingy, and uniformity.
4.2.5 vitreous brick are positioned correctly, even and neat, caulking should be full dense, uniform seam straight.
4.2.6 stained glass, embossed glass assembly design and color should comply with the design requirements, joint.
4.2.7 glass surface should be clean after installation, no putty. Water, sealant, paint, such as pollution has both the glass installation orientation should be correct.
5 finished product protection
5.1 whoever has installed door window glass, the date of house bugle call must hold people care maintenance, daily should timely switch Windows and doors, especially in the windy day, more attention should be paid to, in order to reduce the damage of the glass.
5.2 after glass doors and Windows installation, should be with hang up the wind structure or with bolt, prevent wind damage to the glass, and excess of broken glass timely send the library or clean up.
5.3 for larger area, expensive glass, submit the date should be in house bugle call before installation, for installation in advance of the proper protection measures should be taken to prevent the loss by the damage to the glass.
5.4 glass installation, the operation personnel should strengthen the finished product protection of the project such as rendering window door window.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 bottom putty bedding is lax: hitting play with flat refers to glass from time to tome noise, such as fixed fan bottom putty is lax, is easy to appear this kind of circumstance. Should be to lay a foundation in the ash and nail fixed, embedded operation carefully and check carefully.
6.2 putty irregular edges and corners, putty surface uneven: finally closed scraping putty to steady, to scrape Angle to eight Angle, not a scratch.
6.3 surface look poor: putty is not only the surface, there are pits and wrinkled skin, prevent this kind of phenomenon is serious operation, should assure the quality of the putty, temperature is appropriate, don't do it, not soft.
6.4 wood bead, wire clip, rubber MATS and other accessories when installation should be selected, to prevent deformation, affect beautiful glass; Pollution flecked should wipe in time; Such as wire clamp outcrop is too long, should be cut in advance.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records:
7.1 glass and glass brick factory quality certificate and test report.
7.2 putty product certificate.
7.3 antirust paint and wire clamp, rubber MATS and other accessories factory certificate.
7.4 quality inspection records.