Heating and plumbing equipment and pipeline installation process

1 scope

The standard is suitable for civil and industrial buildings, heating and plumbing fixtures outside pipe installation project.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and equipment requirements

2.1.1 heating and plumbing, pipes, pipe fittings and ancillary equipment, steel products, approach should be carefully checked before use, must conform to the national or ministerial standards relating to quality, technical requirements, and product certification.

2.1.2 all fittings must not have trachoma, crack, buckle, clasp, screwed and angle are not allowed to.

2.1.3 appearance to rule without damage of the valve, valve body hermeticness is good, stems shall not be bent, the installation should be carried out according to design requirements or specifications, air tightness test.

2.1.4 asbestos rubber gasket, oil, hemp, hemp, cement, electricity and gas welding rod quality must be consistent with the design and specifications.

2.2 the main equipment

2.2.1 machine: Threading machine, wheel saws, simmering bending machines, grinding machines, electric welding machine, bench drill, hand drill, hammer, electric water pump, and so on.

2.2.2: sets of wire, round wire, pipe wrenches, chain pliers, live wrenches, hand saw, hammer, hammer, chisel, screw driver, drill, screws, pressure, Taiwan Vice, nippers and tools such as screwdrivers and gas welding.

2.2.3 tools: spirit level, tape, wire, welded joints testing device, calipers, small lines.

2.3 operating conditions

2.3.1 programme suitable work arrangements according to the construction site, work Studio, library, when operating in the pipeline, basements, trenches, connected to low-voltage lighting.

2.3.2 reserved with construction progress and make the holes, and ducts. Stable planting all kinds of steel hold, elevators and the embedded casing, pouring floor hole, plugging wall holes work should be completed before the start of renovation works of civil engineering.

2.3.3 in the operations before proceeding with the project according to the installation survey sketches and material planning, required materials, equipment, specifications, quality and number of qualified and prepared and delivered to the site.

3 operational processes

3.1 process: (see next page process)

3.2 pipe prefabrication:

3.2.1 pipe thread connection:

3.2.1.1 broken pipe: based on field sketches of surveying and mapping, drawing lines in the selected pipe, line pipe.

A grinding wheel saw off the pipe, pipe placed on the caliper wheel saws, alignment line cards, and broken pipes. Broken pipe pressure

Handles should be uniform, do not push too hard, broken pipe to tube section of the iron membrane, Burr cleaned up.

B with a handsaw cut tube, pipe should be fastened to the pressure within the pressure clamp, align the saw blade drawing lines, pushing hands saw, saw blade to remain perpendicular to the axis of the tube, push the saw should be uniform, kerf saw to the end, not twisted or broken to prevent pipe deformation.

3.2.1.2 Threading: the broken well pipe, pipe diameter size pipe thread, diameter to 15~32mm twice, 40~50mm three, 70mm more than 3~4 times.

A, with sets silk machine sets silk, will pipe clip in sets silk machine card disc Shang, left out appropriate length will card disc clip tight, alignment Board sets number, good morning die, by tube diameter on good scale of appropriate location, tight live fixed Board machine, will lubricant tube alignment silk head, boot push Board, stay silk buckle sets to appropriate length, gently release Board machine.

B with manual sets Silk Board sets silk, first release fixed Board machine, put sets Silk Board Board disc back to zero, by order, good morning die, put Board disc alignment by needed scale, twist tight fixed Board machine, will pipe put in pressure case pressure clamp within, left out appropriate length card tight, will sets Silk Board gently sets into pipe, makes its elastic moderate, then hands push sets Silk Board, with Shang 2~3 buckle, again station to side pull turned sets Silk Board, forced to uniform, stay silk buckle is sets into Shi, gently release Board machine, boot back Board, keep silk buckle due cone degrees. Pipe thread dimensions as shown in table l-l.

3.2.1.3 equipped with fittings: based on field sketches of surveying and mapping, will have good screwed pipe, equipped with fittings.

A, distribution loaded fittings Shi should will by needed fittings with into tube silk buckle, try try elastic degrees (General with hand with into 3 buckle suitable), in silk buckle at coated lead oil, and wrapped around Ma Hou with into fittings, then with tube clamp will fittings twist tight, makes silk buckle exposed 2~3 buckle, removed Ma head, wipe NET lead oil, number put to appropriate location waiting for adjustable straight.

B according to the pipe diameter size equipped with fittings suitable pipe pliers (see table l-2).

3.1.2.4 pipe straightening: pipe fitting pipe installed, installed prior to straightening.

A packed tubes put lead oil pipe thread, joins two or more segments, joining not only reserved but it is necessary to take into account the curvature of the pipe, is then reserved for directions to find the right parts and upright.

Pipe thread length table 1-1

Nominal diameter ordinary yarn filaments (the equipment) short wire (connecting valves)

(Mm) (inch) length (mm) thread lengths (mm) thread lengths (mm) of threads

Note: the included screw thread length, tail.

Pipe clamp application table 1-2

The scope of

Nominal diameter (mm) Imperial control

Pipe wrench

B pipe after joining, check must be according to the design drawings before straightening the pipe diameter, reservations, directions, adjustable parts are correct.

C pipe adjustable straight to put in adjustable tube frame Shang or adjustable Guan Ping stage, General two people operation suitable, a people in pipe end head Visual, a people in bent at with hammer beat, side beat, side observation, until adjustable straight pipe no bent weizhi, and in two pipe joins points at marked mark, remove a or number paragraph, again received Shang another a or number paragraph until adjustable finished weizhi.

D for tube bending of the join point dead or larger diameter pipe can be oven or gas heated to 600~800℃ (fire red), put it on the tube will stop turning, use pipe weight to make it straight, or wooden pads

Hammer tapping at the heat straightening, straightening after cooling to keep turning, the temperature drops to properly apply oil in the heating.

Heat straightening of the thread must be good mark, remove oil lead to repaint wrapped hemp, then tighten the pipe alignment mark.

E equipped with a valve pipe sections, straightening and be sure to remove the valve cover, valve pad solid strokes, to earthquake cracked the valve body.

F zinc-plated carbon steel pipe heat straightening is not allowed.

G when the pipe straightening damaged tubing is not allowed.

3.2.2 pipe flange joint (fig 1-1)

3.2.2.1 where the pipe segment and the pipe with flange joined or pipe connected with a flanged valve, in accordance with the design requirements and working pressure standard flanges.

3.2.2.2 flange bolt diameter, length, the specification requirements and tighten flange bolts symmetrically tighten, the exposed screw should be fastened good 2~3 ring, should not be bigger than the diameter of the bolt one-second.

3.2.2.3 flange joints gaskets, General water supply pipe (cold water) with thickness of 3mm rubber pad, heat, steam and hot water pipelines 3mm thick asbestos rubber gasket should be used. Gasket with the concentric pipe diameter, shall not be placed.

3.2.3 welding

3.2.3.1 according to design requirements, working pressure above 0.1MPa of steam pipes, General pipe diameter in the 32mm above the heating pipes and high rise building pipe can be electric and gas welding connections.

3.2.3.2 wind, rain and snow measures compensate for pipe welding, welding area ambient temperature below-20 ° c, weld preheating preheating temperature to 200℃, preheating of length 200~250mm.

3.2.3.3 General for pipe welding group of counterparts and, as design requirements, welding should meet the requirements of table 1-3, gas welding should meet the requirements of table 1-4.

Group of counterparts and require manual metal arc welding table 1-3

Dimension (mm)

Connector name lip-wall gap bluff slope angle (degrees)

3.2.3.4 axis of the two pipes before welding in the first network management end of spot welding, and diameter is below 100mm can spot three points, diameter 150mm to spot four points is appropriate.

3.2.3.5 pipe wall thickness in 5mm above shoveled Groove of pipe ends weld parts, such as processing pipeline with gas welding back, you must remove the grooved surface of oxide skin and rough Grind will affect welding quality (figure l-2).

3.2.3.6 pipes and flanges for welding, you should first insert the pipe flange, welding 2~3 with square alignment after leveling can be welded, flange to be welded on both sides, not protruding flange seal surface of weld on the inside (figure l-3).

3.2.4 pipe spigot connection

3.2.4.1 cement twisted mouth: commonly used for indoor and outdoor cast iron drain pipe socket connections (Figure 1-4).

A in order to reduce twisting fixed gray, on the part of the pipe and fittings can twist grey cast in advance, twisted grey front should check whether the pipe defects such as cracks, trachoma, and scheduled the pipes and fittings, proof size there is no error, gray the annular gap of the spigot is qualified.

B pipe and pipe fittings connect to on the temporary fixation, tube and pipe fitting on the socket according to the drawings, Jack plug in the down direction, twist dust outlet.

C twist gray mouth Shi, first with Ma soldering will twist tight of than bearing Jack ring gap slightly rough some of Qing MA or tied tied rope playing into bearing mouth within, General playing two circle suitable (about for bearing mouth depth of one-third), Qing Ma take received at should is greater than 30mm of length, then will Ma playing real, side playing side find are, and find straight and will Ma must pound flat.

D will Ma playing good Hou, can put twist mouth gray (water and cement weight than 1:9) layered fill into bearing mouth ring gap within, first with thin twist chisel, hand fill gray, hand with twist chisel pound real, then layered with hammer, and twist chisel playing real, until will gray mouth fill, with thickness and bearing mouth ring gap size phase adapted of twist chisel will gray mouth playing real playing flat, until twist chisel playing in gray mouth Shang has back play of feel that for qualified.

Ash e mix twist, mixing with the use, mixed ashes should be under 1.5 hours spent, and adjusted according to the climatic conditions of consumption.

F operations two tubes or more pipe, twisting first ash should be arrange in the upper mouth of tube or pipe fittings, twist lower gray, to ease their shaking. Twist the last gray should check whether the remaining cast loose, such as loose should be processed in a timely manner.

G good prefabrication of pipe and pipe fittings should be placed on a flat place, gasket, wet hemp rope around gray, water conservation, and kept moist, normal operation at 48h before the move brought on to the site installation.

Winter freezing season twist h gray should take effective protective measures, mixed with ash can add just the right amount of water salty water, twisting gray non-freezing, storage environment temperature should be maintained above 5 c, conditions can be adopted and steam curing.

3.2.4.2 asbestos-cement interface: General indoor and outdoor cast iron water supply pipeline is made of asbestos-cement-twist, that is mixed with the right amount of asbestos fiber mixed in cement, their specific practices as described in 1-2.

3.2.4.3 lead interface: generally used in industrial plant indoor cast iron pipe laying, design of special requirements or outdoor cast iron water pipes emergency repair, piping meet eager to water lead interface can be used, specific practices as described in l-2.

3.2.4.4 rubber ring interface: generally used for outdoor cast iron pipe laying, installation of pipes and pipe interfaces. Pipe and fittings still need asbestos cement twist, specific practices as described in 1-12.

3.3 reserve holes and embedded iron parts:

3.3.1 in concrete floor, and beam, and wall Shang reserved hole, and hole, and slot and pre buried pieces Shi due hand by design drawings will pipeline and the equipment of location, and elevation size determination, standard good holes of parts, will prefabricated good of die box, and pre buried iron pieces in lashing steel Qian by Mark fixed prison, box within plug into paper mission, real, in pouring concrete process in the due hand tie proofing, custody die box, and buried pieces, so as not to shift.

3.3.2 in case of prefabricated wall panel floor need to pick holes, must be in front of a decorated plastering or tick, and clearance of its diameter and outer diameter of the tube must not exceed 30mm, in the event of rejection of threatened or broken concrete hollow floor bars require the prior consent of the authorities and take appropriate remedial measures, pick your cut.

3.3.3 in brick mode works within the internal and external panels on individual cannot be reserved hole should be cut in the template are removed promptly.

3.3.4 when electric hammer or hammer and chisel mark drilling holes, forced to moderate, with hammer action is strictly prohibited.

3.3.5 hole should cooperate with civil engineering, its dimensions as design requirements should be implemented as provided for in table l-5.

3.4 casing installation:

3.4.1 steel casing: depending on the wear structure thickness and diameter dimensions specification, length of casing, casing after cutting brush in paint, for floor bushings should be proper soldering iron site. Pipeline installation, the casing wear good, top of the casing should be above ground 20mm kitchen and toilet casing should be above ground 50mm, the bottom level with the floor. Embedded at the upper and lower casing, centerline vertical requirements, where pipeline gas room, all crack in the casing should be stuffing heavily processed according to design requirements.

3.4.2 waterproof casing: according to the different structure and media channels, according to the design or construction and installation requirements of operations in the Atlas, will perform as designed before the well casing in cast concrete parts fixed, proofreading coordinates, elevation, after passing the fair a cast until after the installation of the pipe ramming tight packing.

3.5 Torr, elevators installed:

3.5.1 beam hanger installations:

3.5.1.1 in straight paragraph trench within, by design drawings and specification requirements, determination good hanging card location and elevation, find good slope, will hanging frame holes tick good, will prefabricated good of steel hanging frame put in hole within, review good hanging hole from ditch side size, water rushed NET hole within brick ballast gray surface, again with C20 fine stone concrete or M20 cement mortar fill into hole within, plug tight wipe flat.

3.5.1.2 in 22# wire or small lines under the steel surface stretched taut hanging hole Center location, steel hanger in turn planted the Middle well.

3.5.1.3 designs require that elevation, slope pipe elevator pitch and diameter sizes, elevators each lifting the stick length and prefabrication, installation of pipelines used.

3.5.2 steel bracket installation:

Set aside hole size (mm) table 1-5

Exposed pipe pipe

Pipe name hole size

Length x width wall tank size

Width x depth

1

(Diameter less than or equal to 25)

Heating or vertical water supply tubes (diameters 32~50)

(Diameters 70~100) 100x100

150x150

200x200 130x130

150x130

200x200

A row (diameter less than or equal to 50)

Water pipe (diameter 70~100) 150x150

200x200 200x130

250x200

32 heating or water pipe (diameter less than or equal to 32) 150x100 200x130

A vertical water supply tube and one (diameter less than or equal to 50)

With drainage pipe (diameter 70~100) 200x150

250x200 200x130

250x200

Two vertical water supply tube and one (diameter less than or equal to 50)

With drainage pipe (diameter 70~100) 200x150

350x200 250x130

380x200

Water supply tube or (diameter less than or equal to 25)

Radiator tubes (diameters 32~40) 100x100

150x130 60x60

150x100

Water (diameter less than or equal to 80)

Branch pipes (diameter 100) 250x200

300x250

Heat or exhaust (diameter less than or equal to 80)

Water main pipes (diameter 100~125) 300x250

350x300

9 water supply pipe (diameter less than or equal to 100) 300x200-

Drainage discharge (diameter less than or equal to 80)

Tube base (diameter 100~150) 300x300

(+300 diameter) x (diameters +200)

Note: 1. Water service pipe, tube top clearance is generally not small 100mm;

2. the water supply pipe, tube top clearance is generally not small 150mm;

3.5.2.1 prior to installing the bracket, by calculating design elevation height at both ends of the tube, on the wall or walls in on line, or according to the level of civil construction, measure the desired height up or down, press space to draw mark bracket locations, pick your cut hole in all.

3.5.2.2 water rushed NET ends holes, will C20 fine stone concrete or M20 cement mortar fill into hole deep of half, again will prefabricated good of steel Bay Insert hole within, with gravel plug live, correction card hole of from wall size and Bay height, will Bay planted flat, with cement mortar will holes fill real wipe flat, then in card hole Center location pull, followed by put Middle Bay planted good, steel Bay of spacing should meet table l-6 of requirements.

The largest steel pipe support spacing table 1-6

Nominal diameter (mm) 15 20 25 32 40 50 70 80 100 125 150 200 250 300

The maximum bracket spacing pipe insulation 1.5222.533444.556788.5

(M) not insulating pipe 2.533.544.55666.5789.51112

3.5.2.3 u-frame activity cards a set of wire, steel brackets and a nut; and u-shaped fixing clamp wire at both ends, a nut, close to steel pipe weld two pieces of steel.

3.6 dual riser card is installed:

3.6.1 in the Center the picture on the wall of the double riser card imprint, its height is: high 3M and 1.4m, high 3M 1.8M, height 4.5 per cent split between three planted two pipe clamps.

3.6.2 by Mark pick about 60mm in diameter, depth of not less than 80mm hole, rinse water hole in the debris, M50 cement mortar to fill the hole half as deep, good column φ 10x170mm single head with a swallow-tail wire rod into the hole in the stone prison, good morning pipe clamps after filling with cement mortar trowel.

3.7 cubic single pipe installation: first the location is good, painted mark on the wall, 100~120mm pick 60mm in diameter, depth of hole clamp height above ground, and the installation process with the same dual riser card.

3.8 the ring gaskets bolts:

3.8.1 the piping after the installation, must be using standard not below the structure of concrete or cement mortar, plugging holes and erased in order not to pipe displacement due to plugging holes, resulting in risers vertical, should always send someone to support civil plugging holes.

3.8.2 block floor hole should be treated with stereotypical mold or boarded pitched strong after, into the hole in the water and then the above C20 of fine stone concrete filled cement mortar or M50 tamp, not allowed to fill in the hole bricks and debris.

3.9 pipe pressure test:

3.9.1 the piping pressure test is divided into individual pressure testing and system testing in two ways. Single pressure test is laying out or hidden parts of the piping is installed according to the design specifications and edge pressure test.

System pressure test is at all dry, State, branch pipe installed, hydraulic test according to the design or specifications.

3.9.2 joins test pump is generally located on the first floor, or outside the pipe entrance.

3.9.3 provision should be blocked before the pressure test, close the entrance always let all valves and the discharge valve and the lower valve, open each tap and competent valves and systems top let in fresh air valve.

3.9.4 open water valve and system filled with water, clean air and the water after the valve closes.

3.9.5 checking all systems, if any leaks should be marked, and repaired, repaired and then filled with pressure, and then review, such as pipe seepage, leakage, and continued until the allotted time, the pressure within the permissible range, should notify the acceptance of units and handle acceptance record.

3.9.6 removed pressure testing pumps and water sources, water discharge pipe system clean.

3.9.7 construction completed during winter without heating water when pressure testing the system in a timely manner, and must take credible measures water leak clean to prevent frozen pipes and equipment.

3.10 open water test:

3.10.1 of indoor drainage pipelines underground laying and ceiling, well concealed work in the CAP, should be closed before fill water test and drain rain water pipes are installed in closed water test.

3.10.2 closed water test should be reserved before taking measures to block strict maximum points to stay in the system out of the filling opening.

3.10.3 filling after filling with water, as stipulated in the design or specification of pipeline system of pipes, pipe fittings and twist checks if leaking should be promptly repaired, repaired after a water test until no leakage phenomenon, please apply unit acceptance and inspection record.

3.10.4 floor ceiling pipes of closed water test should be the next layer gas bile standpipe inspection openings with rubber plug, by the provision of irrigation experiment.

3.11 flush the pipe system:

3.11.1 pipelines after washing of the system should be pressure tested the pipeline, before commissioning, operation.

3.11.2 pipe flushing water inlet and outlet should choose an appropriate location, and can ensure that debris washed clean within the piping system. Sectional area of the pipe shall not be less than flush pipe section 60%, drainage pipes should be connected to drains or drainage ditches.

3.11.3 when washing, may reach the maximum pressure and flow in the system, until the color and transparency of the exit and entrance to the Visual line is qualified.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 pipe installed by water pressure testing, water testing and flushing of the system must conform to the specification for design and construction requirements.

Inspection method: check the system or partition (above) records.

4.1.2 various pipe acceptance of concealed work must be carried out in position in front of the hidden, the indicator must conform to the design and construction specifications.

Inspection method: check the inspection records of the hidden parts of the system.

4.1.3 pipe fixation location and structure must comply with the design requirements and norms.

Inspection method: observation and checked against the design drawings.

4.1.4 the slope of the pipe construction must comply with the design requirements and specifications.

Inspection method: straight pipe length per 30m check the second paragraph in the system, less than 30m less than a.

4.1.5 the lip of the pipe welds and bent parts non-welded pipe, interface weld pitch bending, edge of the hanger must be greater than 50mm.

Inspection method: observation and standard checks.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 of the pipe thread pipe thread Machining accuracy in line with international rules, thread clean, neat, no broken wires, firmly connected, exposed threads of the pipe thread roots, exposed-free hemp, antiseptic good, galvanized carbon steel pipes and fittings, no breakage, no zinc coating defects such as ODF.

Inspection method: observation or check the dissolution.

4.2.2 carbon steel pipe flanges joints should be butted closely parallel and perpendicular to the pipe centerline, nuts are on the same side, screw out the nut length, and no larger than the diameter of screw one-second, flange gasket materials in line with design or construction specifications, and no double mat.

4.2.3 non-galvanized steel pipe welding should be done: welding straightness, reinforcement of weld surface meets the construction requirements. Welding surface without burn-through, crack, nodulation, slag and porosity defects, welding waves uniform.

Inspection method: observation or using a welding inspection-scale inspection.

4.2.4 metal pipe socket and confining interface interface structures and filling in line with design and construction specifications, ash dense, full, uniform annular gap, gray cast is flat and smooth, and maintain good, rebound clearance aprons interfaces conforming to specifications.

Inspection method: observation and standard checks.

4.2.5 the piping (crane, Tokar) out from the structure right, laying flat, solid, neat. Suppress elbow requirements and pipes with diameter.

Inspection method: observation or hand checks.

4.3 permissible deviation:

About the allowable deviation in reference to the specific contents of each chapter.

5 finished product protection

5.1 operations well pipe, should be added to the temporary coupling or pipe cement bag paper wrapped to prevent rust.

5.2 operations well dry, State, branch pipes, emission breakdown by number order, using timber mat well, no pressure pipes with large diameter code and should prevent the pedal, hit.

5.3 the descaling, brush oil and corrosion of pipes, pipe fittings, steel, occasional lifting, card racks and other metal products, should be placed in a rain and snow measures, open areas for transport, not debris piled up around them.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 pipe fracture of fin, iron films. Abrasive sawing pipes after milling.

6.2 saw uneven, not straight, a horseshoe-shaped, when sawing pipes stand does not fit or saw blades are not tightened.

6.3 head missing clasps, buckles, not only sets a plate, wire lubricants should be added.

6.4 fin and annular groove on the surface of the pipe segment. Pipe wrench failure mainly, the pressure fell into disrepair, suppressed pipe, pipe turning out gap, should promptly repair kit or replacement.

6.5 section local depression. Because when straightening hammer overexert or hammer blow tube parts are too focused on, found while straightening bent had died, or diameter of the pipe segment is too large, you should heat straightening.

6.6 Torr, hanging loose, long beam. Due to picking his hole deep enough, clip dovetail is cut off, burying debris in the hole card is not net, fixed firmly and without water.

6.7 welded tube Hi-Lo, weld is not uniform, mainly in the welded tube does not aim the tube axis, thick-walled pipes are not carefully out of the Groove.

6.8-twist the annular gap size and gray is not full. Twisted gray should be enclosed in the annular gap when looking for uniform, Gray Ash should be filled in.

6.9 pipes and pipe joints are bending, stamping pipes and fittings are found, should be seriously when looking for straight.