Muffler production and installation

1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to resistance, resistance, resonant muffler production and installation works.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements and main machines:
2.1.1 all sorts of plank, sections should have qualified certificate or leaving the qualification documents.
2.1.2 in addition to the above documents, should be a visual inspection. Plate surface should be smooth, uniform thickness, convex concave and crushed phenomenon obviously, and can not have crack, delamination, corrosion and pitting. Steel should be such as type, there should be no crack, scratch, pitting and other quality defects.
2.1.3 sound-absorbing material selection should be in strict accordance with the design requirements, and meet the requirement of fire prevention, moistureproof and corrosion resistance.
2.1.4 other materials can not be caused by a flawed reduce the strength of the finished product or affect the use effect.
2.1.5 longmen plate shears, oscillating curve shearing machine, manual electric cutting and chamfering machine, nip machine, machine, bite compactor, joint machine, steel cutting machine, punching machine, bench drill, drill, hydraulic rivet pliers, electric pull riveting gun, air compressors, airbrush, steel ruler, square, protractor, cross gauge, row needle, the blunt, hammers, wooden hammer, clappers, pulley, chain hoist, wire rope, adjustable wrench, pliers, screwdriver, hacksaw, hammer, steel tape, spirit level, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 should have capacious, bright, ground level off, clean workshop.
2.2.2 job site must have the machine that could satisfy the requirement of processing technology, facilities, power supply, security protection equipment and fire equipment.
2.2.3 muffler production should be carried out in accordance with the design drawings and the requirements of the standard drawing, and the builder written disclosure quality, technology, and safety.
2.2.4 muffler as applied to the production of materials, should comply with the regulations of design of fire prevention, anti-corrosion, moisture-proof and health requirement.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Shell lofting - shear, gaunt, fold the side - forming
Acquisition and feed to welding, punching, drilling flange
Silencing slice of blanking to fill the anechoic material, binding with wrapping material
- assembly - flange riveting to finished goods inspection to the factory, installation, test
3.2 muffler production. All kinds of sheet metal processing machinery processing should be adopted, such as shearing, folding, folding, bite, etc., do a molding, reduce manual operation. Galvanized steel construction, attention should be paid to that the zinc coating are not destroyed, as far as possible the bite or riveting.
3.3 muffler framework should be solid, shell leakage is not allowed. Muffler pipe, tube, plate, plate making, flange production and riveting required reference 4.1 content, etc.
3.4 resistance muffler (figure 4-28) in the processing, the internal size cannot be changed. Its resistance silencing slice (figure 4-29) is made from wood reinforced wooden frame (such as the design requirements with metal structure, according to the design requirements for processing), fill in superfine glass wool sound-absorbing material, such as outsourcing glass cloth such as wrapping material. When filled with sound-absorbing material, should according to the design of unit weight, thickness requirements laid evenly, cover shall not be damaged. Binding sound-absorbing board, parts contacted with air bubble nails, painted with the rest of the nail with the binding. Nail, nail bubble in the bubble nail add a layer of gaskets, can reduce the damage phenomenon. For larger volume of sound absorption, to prevent the sound-absorbing material caused by muffler installation or mobile sinks, can be installed within the vessel proper baffle. 3.5 resistant muffler figure 4-30 is the use of the pipe cross section mutation, silencing effect. When processed, can not arbitrarily change the size of the expansion chamber.
3.6 a resonant muffler (figure 4-31) production should be according to the design requirements for processing. Can not arbitrarily change the size of the key parts. Perforated plate aperture and perforation rate should comply with the design requirements. Perforated plate after rushed, drill hole, orifice burr should be smooth. The partition size should be correct, partition of resonant cavity plate joint should be close to with wall.
3.7 (figure 4-32) impedance compound muffler assembly, should be made of round nails to silencing staples into silencing pills group, at the same time with the rivet transverse diaphragm and riveting tube section, then the paragraphs with a round head wood screw tube fixed to the silencing slice group, then the pipe and horizontal clapboard, and muffler on both ends of the cover plate, plate and tube with oval head self-tapping screws, finally flange rivet at both ends.
3.8 muffler duct, silencing plenum and semi-anechoic elbow silencing of lining material shall be uniform tiejin, cannot fall off, and flat-fell seam to dense, smooth surface, cannot be uneven.
Anechoic material covering 3.9 muffler shall not be damaged, lap joint should be suitable airflow, and the interface can not have burrs. Inside the muffler directly face fabric should have protection against the wind.
Silencing bend flat side length is greater than 3.10 800 mm, should be added a diversion absorption. Diversion absorption surface should be smooth, uniform circular arc, closely firmly connected to the pipe bending. Can not have loose phenomenon.
3.11 muffler shutter, framework should be solid, blade distance should be uniform, sound absorption surface direction should comply with the design requirements.
3.12 muffler metal components inside and outside surface should besmear brushs red lead paint two high-quality galvanized plate (not painted anticorrosive paint). Before coating, metal surface should be in accordance with the need to be processing, remove rust, grease and other sundry. No leakage requirement when brushing besmear, blister, grinning.
3.13 after assembly of finished products shall, in accordance with requirements of the design documents and construction acceptance specifications, products meet the requirements before leaving the factory.
3.14 muffler, muffler elbow when installation should be set separately, hanger, make duct don't bear its weight.
Steam-water 3.15 should be according to the type, specification and the structure of the muffler structure situation, selected in accordance with the provisions of national standard or design drawings. Muffler should check before installation, hanger fixed position is correct, such as embedded parts or whether the expansion bolt installation is firm and reliable. , hanger must guarantee to load.
3.16 muffler, hanger in the screw hole distance of iron on the wear derrick, should be slightly wider than the muffler 40 ~ 50 mm. In order to facilitate adjustment elevation, but at the end of boom set of 50 ~ 60 mm thread, in order to leveling and alignment. Can also be used in the method of the padded on the iron, leveling, alignment.
3.17 installation direction of the muffler must be correct, and the duct or pipe flange connection should guarantee the strict, firmly.
3.18 when the air conditioning system of constant temperature, the demand is higher, the muffler insulation shell should be done with duct also processing.
3.19 muffler is installed, can use wire or check messenger wire method, should fail to meet the requirements for renovation.
After 3.20 muffler in place, we should strengthen management, to take protective measures. Other teams, the hanger is forbidden on the muffler flange and a hanger.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 muffler model, size must comply with the design requirements, and indicate the direction of air flow.
Inspection methods: observation check and quantity of the feet.
4.1.2 muffler framework must be strong, cavity of partition size is correct, clapboard and wall plate junction close to the shell does not leak tight.
Test method: lever and observation to check.
4.1.3 silencing monomer installation, fixed end must be strong, is apart from the uniform.
Test method: lever and observation to check.
4.1.4 muffler must be correct installation direction and steam-water set separately.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2 the basic items:
2 anechoic material should reach sheet material laying stickup and firm, smooth; Loose material for filling evenly, without sinking.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2.2 anechoic material coverage should be joining together of gas flow, joining together neatly, no damage; Perforated plate burr hole spread evenly.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
5 finished product protection
5.1 muffler finished product should be smooth, no water on the interior space of neat pattern, and the bottom has a mat, and it is necessary to waterproof measures.
5.2 the finished product shall be carried out according to the type, model number. Properly kept, and shall not suffer from rain and snow, the erosion of dirt, dust and moisture.
5.3 muffler in the process of loading and unloading, transportation and installation to should take put down gently, in case of damage to the finished product.
5.4 muffler should be checked before installation, filling the sound-absorbing material should not have obvious sink. We should deal with quality defects repair.
5.5 muffler is installed in case of suspension of work stage, should wrap up the port, in order to avoid damage or into the holes in the soil, etc.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 muffler with wrapping material is easy to damage, make the sound-absorbing material leakage or loss, influence function. , nailed the bubble wrapping material should add the gasket. Found that there is any breakage phenomenon with wrapping material, timely repair or replacement as the case may be.
6.2 silencing laying anechoic material easy to sink, gap appears and influence the absorption effect. Production on large volume of sound absorption can be installed within the vessel proper baffle, handling and installation to should take put down gently. Before installation should be checked, silencing material must not have obvious sink.
6.3 muffler and shell joining together Angle is easy produce holes and air leakage, should be pay attention to when producing, found the hole immediately with soldering or sealant plugging after yan.
6.4 perforated plate after drilling burr easy cut wrapping material or produce noise, orifice burr should be smooth.
6.5 not filled with anechoic material evenly, cover is not tight, uneven distribution of silencing holes, small aperture, with a total area of inadequate performance, according to the design or specification strictly process operations.
6.6 the radian of silencing bend curved piece of uneven, silencing patches of not equal to the distance, should seriously implement technology standard, to eliminate defects.
7 quality records
7.1 muffler production and installation of engineering quality inspection evaluation form.
7.2 self-inspection, mutual inspection records.
7.3 preview engineering inspection record sheet.

Ceramic Mosaic floor construction technology

Ceramic Mosaic floor construction
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil building ground shop sticks ceramic Mosaic (Mosaic) the ground surface.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 cement: more than 425 ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement, should have the factory certificate.
White cement, silicate, 425 white cement.
2.1.2 sand, coarse sand and medium sand, unavailable to sieving silt content is not more than 3%.
2.1.3 ceramic Mosaic: after entry should be unpacking inspection specifications, colors, shapes, such as the quality of the paste meets the design requirements and the provisions of the relevant standards.
2.1.4 major equipment: small, half barrel, broom, bucket, feet, hand shovel, iron float, big, in the bar, small bar, sieve, narrow trolley, wire brush, watering can, hammers, hardwood clappers (240 mm x 120 mm x 50 mm), alloy sharp chisel, flat chisel (16 a K8 K6 alloy steel welding with phi), sheet steel operation, dial plate (200 mm * 70 mm * LMM), small desktop grinding wheel.
2.2 operation conditions
2.2.1 wall plaster finished and have good + 50 cm level elevation lines.
2.2.2 casing has been done through the ground, tube hole used pisolite concrete block close-grained.
2.2.3 design requirements to do the waterproof layer, has completed implicit inspection procedures, and finish the water test and inspection procedures done.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Cleaning brush at the grass-roots level, elastic line - cement, mud to cement mortar screed-coat, water layer - >
The shop is stuck ceramic Mosaic - repair - brush, jie paper to dial the seam, water irrigation sewing and curing
3.1.1 cleaning at the grass-roots level, elastic line: will be cleaned up at the grassroots level surface hair skin will sweep off,. To play the level elevation line on the wall.
Cleaning brush 3.1.2 cement slurry: good uniform ground water, then use broom brush evenly spread cement slurry (water cement ratio 0.5). Area not too large, the brush should work closely with laying mortar screed-coat of next working procedure, brush with slurry with cement mortar.
Cement mortar screed-coat 3.1.3 do:
3.1.3.1 screed: will be subject to metope + 50 cm level elevation lines, measured surface elevation, horizontal line do ash cake, grey for the bread on the ceramic Mosaic of skin. Then screed, in the middle of the room every 1 m screed. Have a floor drain according to the design requirements of slope to find slope, screed should be radiated in the direction of the floor drain.
3.1.3.2 screed, with 1:3 dry hard cement mortar (to handle the kneading dough, moist degree ground), laying thickness of about 20 ~ 25 mm, with large poles (the reinforcement) mortar leveling, wood float solid, smooth. Has a slope of floor drain room according to the design requirements to the water.
3.1.4 find founder, elastic line: leveling layer with good after 24 h or compressive strength to l. 2 mpa, after on the leveling layer width size measurement room, play cross the line of control in the center of the room, according to the design requirements of design combined with ceramic Mosaic per size, calculate the shop is stuck by the number of sheets, not the entire should be left to the edge, not to clear.
3.1.5 do cement combining layer: on the mortar screed-coat, after water wet, wipe a 2 ~ 2.5 mm thick layer of cement combining (appropriate mixing cement weight by 20% of 107 glue), should wipe with stick, area is not too big.
3.1.6 spread ceramic Mosaic: appropriate whole shop with continuous operation at a time, if time can't spread room, must be cut after if qi, clean up the ashes. Specific operation should be in the slurry when not spread ceramic Mosaic begins when the initial setting should be on the back (clean), from the inside to the outside along the line of control, the auxiliary turns up the side of the paper, first show mosaics to line, immediately after the good affix ceramic Mosaic shop (paper up); Followed by hand on paper paving, using word (people stand on the board), make the slurry into the Mosaic tile seam, until the paper reveals the watermark brick joints. Continue to when the shop is stuck not stepping on the paved Mosaic, should the operation back.
3.1.7 dressing: after the whole set, mat board on Mosaic, people standing on the plate repair around the edges, and the door of the Mosaic tile ground and other ground then wake is fixed, the guarantee if straight.
3.1.8, jie paper brush water: after the shop is followed by a brush on paper evenly water, room temperature over 15 ~ 30 min paper and wet (e.g., not wet may continue to sprinkler), at this point you can start jie paper, paper and keep the hair clean.
3.1.9 dial seam (completed before final set in the slurry should be combined with layer) : jie after paper, timely check whether nuiko evenly, nuiko were not straight, dial down gently with small rely on foot than the operation, straightening, and after the adjustment Mosaic using wood board parker (using a hammer plate parker), and paste filling have fall off, the lack of the Mosaic of particles. Floor drain, pipe mouth around the place such as Mosaic, according to slope shop try to cut in advance to do Mosaic in conformity with the nozzle set closely. In the above dial the seam in the process of adjustment, to check the flatness in 2 m by feet at any time, deviation not more than 2 mm.
3.1.10 crack seal: dial the seam after the second two days (or slurry layer combination after the final set), with the whitewater mud or with Mosaic color brush seam of cement slurry, dip cotton silk, slurry from the inside out along the seam, rubbing brush, brush so far, and in a timely manner to clean up the ashes on the surface of the Mosaic, prevent the pollution to the surface.
3.1.11 maintenance: ceramic Mosaic floor seam after 24 h, should be covered with sawdust room temperature curing (or covered with plastic film), the curing time shall not be less than 7 d, and is not allowed here.
3.1.12 winter construction: interior operating temperature shall not be lower than + 5 ℃, the sand can not have frozen blocks, Mosaic tile surface can not have frozen phenomenon. Maintenance phase surface must be covered.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure project: ceramic Mosaic varieties, specifications, color, quality must meet the design requirements, the combination of surface and base must be strong, no empty drum.
4.2 the basic items:
2 surface clean, design clarity, colour and lustre is consistent, uniform seam, peripheral straight, ceramic jin brick no crack, Angle and lack of stare blankly phenomenon.
4.2.2 floor drain slope comply with the design requirements, not water, no water, the floor drain (pipe) attaches tight and firm, no leakage.
Holdings the line that play a base surface is clean, uniform seam formation, highly consistent, combined with the strong, the wall thickness is appropriate.
4.2.4 and pectin edge materials in a variety of surface and size meet the requirements of the design requirements and construction specifications edges tidy and smooth.
4.3 allowable deviation project, are shown in table 7-9.
Ceramic Mosaic surface allowable deviation table 7-9
Will project allowable deviation (mm) test method
1 the surface roughness in 2 m by 2 feet and wedge feeler check
2 seam straight line 3, 5 m, less than 5 m's line and the ruler quantity check
3 joint wedge feeler check and quantity of the height difference of 0.5 feet
4 kicking sewn straight line 3, 5 m, less than 5 m's line and the ruler quantity check
5 plate gap width is not more than 2 feet quantity check
Note: items are 5, such as the design requirements, should be checked according to the limits in the table.
5 finished product protection
5.1 after the ceramic Mosaic set shop, insert is more, if the other process should be spread mulch on surface to protect it.
5.2 application of plate cutting ceramic Mosaic, banned on has been paved surface operation.
5.3 cart operation should pay attention to protect the ground of the doorframe and completed, door frame is easy to be touch the part of the car should be package. Car ground to add cushion board.
5.4 don't touch in the process of moving a variety of pipeline operation, nor the mortar and the ceramic jin brick drops in Ann up floor drain pipe.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 not straight seam, uneven: before operation should choose ceramic Mosaic, length, width of the same whole Zhang Jin brick is used in the same room, dial the seam at the seam line to pull through, will straight line of bricks.
6.2 surface empty drum: base must be cleared before making the leveling layer, water wet, mortar screed-coat, after finishing room may not be in want closed, prevent pollution, ground effect with the surface of the bonding. Spread ceramic Mosaic, the slurry layer with Mosaic pavement operation at the same time, which increases with the increasing brush shop, may not be the area of the brush is too large, to prevent slurry drying effect caused by empty drum.
6.3 ground leakage: toilet, bath rooms on the ground floor board, water and other pipe done, the hole should be blocked close-grained, and add a sleeve, and then do the waterproof layer, the acceptance of nozzle area is tight integration with the waterproof layer, after waiting for water qualified to do the leveling layer. Mosaic tile surface should be done after the completion of secondary storage test.
6.4 surface pollution: wipe seam should be more than at any time will be clean, when after the surface finish must be covered, in case of other workers operating pollution.
6.5 cut around the floor drain Mosaic tile sets of irregular: make a leveling layer should be looking for a good floor drain slope, when after the large shop, shop floor drain again around the Mosaic, according to floor drain diameter calculation in advance good Mosaic blocks (around the floor drain is radiate with shop), to carry on the processing, try again after shop is suitable for formal shop.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records:
7.1 cement factory certificate.
7.2 ceramic Mosaic factory certificate.
7.3 waterproof ground concealment acceptance record and storage.
7.4 ceramic Mosaic floor subentry project quality rating record.

Indoor fire pipeline and equipment installation process

1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to civil and general industrial building of indoor fire automatic spraying system and fire hydrant system pipeline and equipment installation works.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 fire spraying pipe should be selected according to the design requirements, generally adopts galvanized carbon steel pipe and pipe fittings, pipe wall inside and outside the galvanized evenly, no rust, no impalement, unbiased and parts, square buckle, Angle of the thread is not complete, are not allowed to wait for a phenomenon.
2.1.2 fire hydrant system pipe should be selected according to the design requirements, generally USES the carbon steel pipe or seamless steel tube, tubing shall not be bent, rust, double skin and concave and convex inequality.
2.1.3 spraying system of fire alarm valve, valve, control valve, retarder, water flow indicator, combined pump unit, and the main components of the specifications should comply with the design requirements, fittings is complete, the casting, the surface is bright and clean, no crack, opening and closing flexible, the factory quality certificate.
2.1.4 specification, type, action temperature of the spray head should comply with the design requirements, design rules, thread is complete, thermal bag breakage and loosening, fusible piece without shedding and loose. Has the factory quality certificate.
2.1.5 should comply with the design requirements of the specifications of the hydrant box type, the body surface smooth, bright and clean. Flexible metal case without rust, scratches, the door is open. The cabinet founder, the accessories is complete. Plug valve appearance rules, no crack, opening and closing flexible, closed tight, packing in good condition, has the factory quality certificate.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 set of silk machine, grinding wheel saws, bench drill, electric hammer, hand wheel, hand electric drill, electric welding machine, electric machinery, hydraulic test pump.
2.2.2 sets of wire plate, pipe wrench, vise, pressure pliers, chain tongs, hammer, hacksaw, wrench, nail gun, chain hoist, welding tools, etc.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 the main structure acceptance, the scene has been cleaned up.
2.3.2 pipe installation needed baseline should be measured and marked, such as condole top elevation, the ground elevation, the dividing line of position.
2.3.3 based upon examination equipment conform to the requirements of the design, installation conditions.
2.3.4 pipeline installation need of operation should be finished by professional set-up.
2.3.5 check pipe support, reserve the position of the holes, size is correct.
2.3.6 spray head installed according to the architectural decoration graph to determine position, as defined by the condole top material thickness ceiling keel installed spray head elevation. Condole top sealing in the spray head to reserve the position openings on the roof.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Prepare - main installation - alarm valve installation to vertical pipe installation,
Spraying hierarchical power tubes, hydrant and branch pipe installation, water flow indicator, fire pump, cistern, the water pump bonder and installation
Pipeline pressure test to pipe flushing, spray head branch pipe installation (system integrated testing and flushing) - throttling device installed -
Alarm valve fittings, hose fittings, spray head installation - water system debugging
3.2 installation preparation:
3.2.1 seriously familiar with drawings, according to the construction plan, technology, safety disclosure of specific measures to choose material, measurements, drafting, prefabrication.
3.2.2 check relevant professional drawings, see if there are any more cross all kinds of coordinates and elevation of the pipe or inappropriate position of arrangement, promptly with the designer on the, go through the formalities of negotiation.
3.2.3 check the embedded parts and reserved hole are accurate.
3.2.4 check pipes, pipe fittings, valves, equipment and component meets the design requirements and quality standards.
3.2.5 to arrange reasonable construction sequence, avoid work cross interference, affect the construction.
3.3 main installation:
3.3.1 spraying pipe generally requires the use of galvanized pipe fittings (main in more than 100 mm in diameter, is used when no galvanized pipe welding flange connection, after trying the pressure marking down processing galvanized). Need galvanized processing pipeline should choose carbon steel pipe or seamless steel tube, are not allowed to brush before galvanized processing oil pipeline and pollution. Need to tear open outfit galvanized pipes should be arranged before the construction.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 spraying dry work flange connection each pipe length should not be more than 6 m, straight pipe can put together a few root, use chain installation, but shoulds not be too long. Also adjustable straight after the number in turn order lifting, lifting, should lift pipe end first, after waiting for stable again lift at the other end.
3.3.3 when fastening flange pipe connections, check whether the flange end face is clean, use 3 ~ 5 mm rubber gasket. Of the specifications of the flange bolts should comply with the rules. The most unfavorable point to tighten bolts should be tight and symmetry in turn fastening. The flange interfaces should be installed in the easy disassembling position.
3.3.4 fire hydrant system main should be used according to the design requirements for pipe installation, choose carbon steel tube or seamless steel pipe according to the requirements of pressure.
3.3.4.1 pipe before welding interface floating rust, dirt and grease should be removed.
3.3.4.2 when wall thickness 4 mm or less, the welding should be adopted when the diameter of 50 mm or less; Wall thickness of 45 mm, or welding should be adopted when a diameter of 70 mm or more.
3.3.4.3 different diameter of pipe welding connection, as in two pipe diameter is not more than 15% of the small diameter, can be big pipe reducing and small pipe butt welding. If the two tube differ by more than 15% of small diameter, short diameter pipe welding should be processing.
3.3.4.4 pipe counterpart on the weld shall not open welding pipe, joint shall not be installed, on a hanger position.
3.3.4.5 pipeline wall section can not have interfaces () or welding pipe through the expansion joints should be anti-freezing measures.
3.3.4.6 openings to stagger when welding the weld carbon steel pipe, and make the weld toward the direction of observation and repair.
When 3.3.4.7 pipe welding spot welding more than three points first and then check the reserved the position, direction, variable diameter etc, after having confirmed to find straight, alignment, welding, fastening card, pull down temporary fixed.
3.4 installation of alarm valve: should be located in the location of the clear, easy to operate, is apart from the ground level should be about 1 m. Alarm valve surface drainage measures should be put, the environment temperature should not be lower than + 5 ℃. Alarm valve assembly shall be according to product specifications and design requirements, the control valve should be open/close indication system, and makes the valve working in a normally open state.
3.5 spray fire and fire hydrant pipe installation:
3.5.1 track of riser dark outfit in the shaft, inside the tube well fixed, embedded iron pieces of card installed on the bottom of the riser of steam-water wants firm, to prevent the riser plate.
3.5.2 vertical GuanMing installed on each floor to floor reserved holes, through the riser with the structure, in order to reduce the riser interface.
3.6 spray fire layered power pipe installation:
3.6.1 pipe branch of obligate mouth should be prepared before assembly, wire connect with tee positioning obligate mouth, welding can be open on the main welding on wrought iron pipe hoop, straightening after lifting. All the reserved mouth with good temporary plugging.
3.6.2 need processing of galvanized pipe in other prior to installation of pipeline pressure testing, demolition, galvanized after secondary installation.
3.6.3 corridor ceiling pipe installation and air shaft position to coordinate.
3.6.4 radar echoes captured spraying line connected to unfavorable use different diameter bushing, should use reducer coupling, bend shall not be used on the bushing, should use reducing elbow, tee on the use of a bushing, cross the multi-purpose two bushing.
3.6.5 upward spraying spraying head conditional can be installed with branch main order. After the other pipe installation has difficulty in operating position should be installed upward spraying spraying head.
3.7 fire hydrant and branch pipe installation:
3.7.1 hydrant box to comply with the design requirements, the material is wood, iron and aluminum alloy, etc.), plug valve such as single and double export control. Product manufacturing license and certificate should be the fire department before use.
3.7.2 hydrant pipe to plug valve coordinates and elevation positioning of mouth, again after the approval solid fire hydrant box, box to find is stable before the check valve is installed, plug valve side in a box should be on one side of the door is open when the door is open should be flexible.
3.7.3 hydrant box installed on the light weight partition wall, shall have the reinforcement measures.
Flow detector installed 3.8: general installation at the levels of each layer of main branches or on the main branch of a region. Should be made, slope shoulds not be too big, to ensure sensitive blade activity, water flow indicator should be kept before and after five times the length of pipe diameter of straight pipe installation, pay attention to the arrow in the direction of flow and the indicator when installation. Domestic products can be directly installed on the threaded tee, imported products can be used in main opening banding solid shape card. The flow indicator is suitable for 50 to 150 mm diameter pipes installed.
3.9 fire pump installation:
3.9.1 pump specifications should comply with the design requirements, the pump should be used in the irrigation water absorption, according to the design drawings for the pump foundation construction, the suction pipe should add shock absorber. Pressure pump is not no damping device, but should add and subtract vibration device, constant pressure pump in and out of the gate and noise prevention facilities, water pump export should be slow close check valve.
3.9.2 pump piping installation shall be positioned in the pump is leveling, after solid. Water pump equipment shall not sustain the weight of the pipe. Order for check valve installation, valve and pump in turn tight, with the pump flange to connect piping of a tight with the valve flange, sank a thread for straight alignment measure pipe size, pipe welding first on the flange, to loosen the flange removed welding, good cooling and then connected to the valve, and then welded into the piping another section.
3.9.3 piping flange should be consistent with the flange of pumps, valves, valve installation the handwheel is easy to operate, the direction should be level consistent, neat piping.
3.10 high water tank installation: should the structure before the caps in place, and shall do the water test, fire water and other sharing should be to ensure the fire water tank is not it, fire total water use in 10 minutes. The life and the hydration time should make water often is in a state of flow, to prevent water quality deteriorate. Fire outlet pipe should add one-way valve (to prevent fire pressure, water into water tank). All water nozzle shall be prefabricated processing, if the site welding stiffening plate shall be welded on the tank.
Installation: 3.11 the pump joint specifications should be selected according to the design, there are three types: type wall, ground, underground. The installation position should be clearly marked, is easy to operate, valve position should be near the bonder can not have obstacles. Constant pressure relief valve should be according to the system work pressure, prevent fire engine high pressure damage indoor pipeline and components, joint should be equipped with a drain valve.
3.12 fire pipeline pressure test can be layered segments, water peak to exhaust, high and low points each with a pressure gauge, check whether there is any leakage on the pipeline after filled with water, leakage of flange, valve and other parts, if any, should be in front of the pressurized fastening, booster when leakage appear again after completes the tag, unloading post-processing. Drain water treatment when necessary. Winter testing environment temperature shall not be lower than + 5 ℃, the summer test had better not use directly outside water to prevent dewing. After testing qualified acceptance formalities in time.
3.13 pipe flushing: fire pipeline in after the pressure test can do washing work continuously. Prior to flush the system flow decompression orifice plate, filter device dismantled and packed again after flushing water quality qualified, flushing out of water to discharge, shall not damage other finished products.
3.14 spraying head branch pipe installation refers to condole type spraying a branch pipe, and at the end of the tube is not completed with branch main order at the same time, to a simultaneous and ceiling decoration. Ceiling keel loaded, according to the condole top material thickness set spraying head obligate mouth level, according to the ceiling decoration figure determine the coordinates of spray head, difficult to really in the position of branch pipe obligate mouth do. Branch pipe diameter shall be 25 mm, with 25 mm * 15 mm at the end of the reducer coupling, coupling mouth flat ceiling decoration layer, anchor installation. Branch at the end of the elbow should be within 100 mm yucca is fixed, to prevent the nozzle not firm contact with the condole top, up and down movement. Branch pipe loaded, it should be
Mouth with plug and tighten. For system testing.
3.15 spraying system testing: before sealing condole carries on the system pressure testing, in order not to affect the ceiling decoration schedule can be layered section pressure test, pressure test after flushing pipe, can be closed after qualified condole top. Condole top material in pipe hoop mouth open a 30 mm hole, revealing the reserved ports and plug off after ceiling decoration installation spray head.
: 3.16 the throttle device in a high-rise fire control system, the lower the spray head and fire hydrant flow is too big, can use the device such as decompression orifice or throttling tube equilibrium. Decompression orifice should be set on the horizontal section of not less than 50 mm diameter, orifice diameter should not less than 50%, the diameter of the installation section orifice plate should be installed on the straight pipe flow turning on the downstream side, and the distance of the bent pipe should not be less than twice the diameter of the Settings section. When the throttle tube is adopted, and its length should not be less than 1 m. Throttling pipe diameter on table l - 17.
Table 1-17 throttling tube diameter
Section diameter (mm) 50, 70, 80, 100, 125, 150, 200
Throttling tube diameter (mm) 25 32 40 to 50, 70, 80, 100
3.17 alarm valve fittings installed, shall be carried out before commissioning, delay device installed in the automatic sprinkler sprinkler systems, is to prevent false alarm facilities. Which can be installed according to the instruction and the assembly diagram should be installed between the alarm valve and hydraulic alarm signal line. Hydraulic alarm installed near the alarm valve. Connected to the alarm valve pipe should be galvanized steel pipe.
Hose fittings installation: 3.18 shall be carried out before commissioning. Fire hose should be folded in hang on the shelf or roll, plate tightly in the trunk, fire hoses to stand on the cabinet inside, self-help type nozzle and the hose should be in the hang card or in the bottom part. Fire hose and nozzle, quick joint connection, generally with 14 # lead wire binding two, each not less than two laps, using a clamp, add a lead wire in side. Equipped with electric control button, cooperate with electrical professional construction should be paid attention to.
3.19 spray head installation:
3.19.1 specification, type and action temperature of the spray head to comply with the design requirements.
3.19.2 spray head installed protection area, distance between nozzle and the distance away from the wall, and went to should comply with the specification requirements.
3.19.3 spray head direction of two rows should be installed in the uniformly. Corridor of armor plate to be against condole top, single nozzle shall be installed lateral wing.
3.19.4 install spray head should use special wrench (light fork type), special packing appropriate USES teflon belt, prevent damage and pollution condole top.
3.19.5 water curtain spraying head installed toward the protected object, should be paid attention to in the same water distribution pipe of the same size should be installed on the water curtain nozzle.
3.20 spraying pipe fixed bracket installation should comply with the design requirements.
The location of the steam-water 3.20.1 to not interfere with nozzle spray effect for the principle. To the hanger is apart from the nozzle should be greater than 300 mm, round steel hanger can small to 70 mm.
3.20.2 to prevent nozzle spray water pipe cause greatly shook, main and riser should add the fixed bracket. Main or layered main straight pipe can be located in the middle, from the head and end should not be more than 12 m, single rod hanger length less than 150 mm, don't add anti sway fixed bracket.
3.20.3 anti sway fixed bracket should be able to withstand the pipe, the total weight of parts, valve and pipe water and 50% horizontal thrust without damage or permanent deformation. The direction of the riser to set two anti sway fixed bracket.
3.2.1 set the rain and water curtain automatic sprinkler system used, should be in before open after installation. Often in the absence of heating facilities or environmental temperature higher than 70 ℃, should use dry automatic sprinkler system, dry automatic sprinkler system not spraying entered, should make efforts to pressure flushing. Conditional application of air compressor venting pipe.
3.2.2 water fire fighting system commissioning shall, in accordance with the provisions of reach the fire department testing conditions. Fire pump should be connected to the power and has set up a test run, the most unfavorable point of spray head and fire hydrant test pressure and flow rate can meet the design requirements.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure project;
Automatic spraying and nozzle location, spacing and direction of the water curtain fire fighting equipment must comply with the design requirements and the rules and regulations of construction.
Methods: observation and control drawings and construction specifications.
4.2 the basic items:
Box type hydrant installation should be tied mouth outwards, the valve from the size of the floor, walls, conform to the rules and regulations of construction. Hose and fire hydrant and fast connection tie tightly, and roll fold, on the tray or stents.
Inspection method: to observe the feet and check.
4.3 allowable deviation projects:
4.3.1 hydrant valve center is apart from the ground 1.2 m, 20 mm allowable deviation. From valve box on the side of 140 mm, inner surface is 100 mm, is apart from the box after allowable deviation 5 mm.
4.3.2 automatic spraying and water curtain fire fighting system of pipeline slope. Water filling system should not be less than 0.002; Pneumatic system and branch pipe shall be not less than 0.004.
4.3.3 hanger and nozzle distance, should not be less than 300 mm, the distance from the end of the nozzle is not greater than 750 mm.
4.3.4 hanger should be located in the section between adjacent nozzle, when adjacent nozzle spacing is not more than 3.6 m, can set a; Less than 1.8 m, allowing the partition Settings.
Testing method: use a ruler and level.
5 finished product protection
5.1 after the fire protection system construction, various parts of the equipment components should have protective measures, to prevent the touch the running water, damage to the decoration products.
5.2 alarm valve fittings, fire hydrant box accessories, all parts of the instrument shall be such as to strengthen management and prevent the loss and damage.
5.3 fire pipeline installation and when the conflict of civil engineering and other pipeline shall not tear open change, should pass design, proper solution of the change of the negotiations.
5.4 spray head when installation shall not be surface pollution and damage to the ceiling decoration.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 spraying pipe if it is serious. The professional process installation coordination is bad, should have overall arrangement.
6.2 spray head office have leakage phenomenon. Before due to the system pressure will seal condole top, cause water leakage. Must be by the pressure testing before sealing condole top, concealed engineering acceptance formalities.
6.3 spray head and condole top contact not firm, to protect the mouth plate deflection; Due to the end of the branch pipe elbow without a fixed, branch pipe size, make oral disc is not straight.
6.4 spray head not rows, rows. Because the anchor installation.
6.5 work flow indicator insensitive. Due to the installation in the opposite direction or electric contact oxide resulting in poor contact.
6.6 the pump bonder can not pressure. Because the valve does not open, blind plate check valve upside or have not been removed.
6.7 open spray nozzle blockage in the system test. Should do before install nozzle flush or blow off work.
Closed the door is 6.8 fire hydrant is lax. Because the installation is not looking for is or deformation of the intensity of the door is not enough to cause.
6.9 fire hydrant valve closing is lax. By dry pipe is rinsed clean, seat have sundry.
7 should possess the quality of the record
7.1 should have the material equipment factory certificate, the manufacturer production license and statutory testing unit test report.
7.2 material site acceptance records of the equipment.
7.3 fire duct engineering records
7.4 fire, branch pipe engineering records
7.5 spraying, riser preview records
7.6 spraying pipe engineering records
7.7 fire, spraying pipe individual test record
7.8 fire protection, spray system pressure test record
7.9 fire, spraying pipe hidden inspection records
7.10 fire fighting, spraying system flushing records
Fire, water spraying system debugging in 7.11

Equipment foundation construction process

1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil construction in the medium and small concrete equipment foundation.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
The appropriate 2.1.1 cement: 325 ~ 425 # slag Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement.
2.1.2 sand: medium and coarse sand, silt content is not more than 5%.
2.1.3 stones, pebbles or gravel, particle size of 0.5 ~ 3.2 cm, silt content is not more than 2%.
2.1.4 water: tap water or clean water does not contain harmful substances.
2.1.5 additive and admixture, the varieties and dosage. Should be according to the needs, determined by experiment
2.1.6 main equipment: should be equipped with mixer, the scale, carts, or skip, shovels (sharp, flat head), vibrator (rod type or plate type), scraping bars, wood trowel, string of barrels or chute, rubber tube, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 based axis dimension, basal elevations and geology are checked, and should be completed implicit inspection procedures.
2.2.2 installation template has been checked, comply with the design requirements, and completed preview procedures.
2.2.3, walls or template on the slot for flat mark in the concrete. Larger or ladder model basis, should be a horizontal or play online.
2.2.4 buried in the foundation reinforcement, bolts, embedded parts, equipment, pipeline have been installed, and after examination and acceptance of relevant departments, and completed implicit inspection procedures.
2.2.5 concrete mixture ratio by the laboratory, after verification, the amount of adjustment of the first set of concrete material, to conduct technical disclosure and trial batch. At the same time ready to concrete test mode.
3 operation process
Technological process:
Cleaning up inside the bottom of the channel or template to concrete mixing, concrete pouring, the concrete vibratory - concrete leveling -
Concrete curing
3.2 clean: remove mud and debris on the foundation and foundation soil, and shall have the waterproof and drainage measures. Application for dry soil water wettability, surface shall not have water. Clean the garbage in the template, soil and other sundry, water wettability and wooden template, blocking plate seams and holes.
Concrete mixing: 3.3 background carefully according to the concrete mixture ratio of feeding; Each plate feeding order for stone, cement and sand (admixture) - water (additive) -. Strict control of water, stir well, stirring time is generally not less than 90 s.
3.4 concrete casting:
3.4.1 track of concrete pouring concrete feed opening distance surface height shall not be more than 2 m, such as free pour down more than 2 m, should use string barrels or chute.
3.4.2 the pouring of concrete should be layered continuous, general layer thickness for the vibrator 1.25 times the length of the part, the biggest thickness is less than 50 cm.
Rule 3.4.3 inserted with internal vibrator should fast slow, pull plug point should be evenly arranged, point by point, order, shall not be omitted, vibrating compaction. Mobile spacing is not greater than 1.5 times of vibrating rod action radius. Vibrating a layer, 5 cm should be inserted into the lower level, in order to eliminate the joint between the two layers. Mobile spacing plate vibrator, should be able to guarantee the vibrator cover has the edge of the vibratory flat.
3.4.4 concrete cannot for continuous casting, if more than 2 h, should be in accordance with the requirements of design and construction of the norms lien construction joints.
3.4.5 pouring concrete, often should observe template, stent, bolts, pipes and have reserved holes and embedded parts without moving, when found that deformation or displacement, should immediately stop pouring, and timely repair and reinforcement template, after completely handle, continue to pouring concrete.
3.4.6 concrete vibratory compaction, surface application of wooden poles, leveling wood float laid flat.
3.4.7 concrete curing: after concrete pouring rub flat, should be around 12 h to coverage and sprinkler, the number of water should be able to maintain enough concrete wetting state. Curing period is generally not less than seven days and nights.
3.4.8 rain, winter construction, open casting concrete should prepare the seasonal construction plan, take effective measures to ensure the quality of the concrete, or may not be any construction.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 concrete used in cement, aggregate, water and additive must comply with the provisions of the construction specification and relevant standards.
4.1.2 the mixing proportion of concrete, metering, mixing of raw materials and maintenance and construction joint treatment, must comply with the norms of construction.
4.1.3 to assess the strength of the concrete block, must according to the concrete strength inspection criteria (GBJ107-87), the provisions of the sampling, production, maintenance and test, its strength must conform to the norms of construction.
4.2 the basic items:
2 should concrete vibrating compaction. A is not more than 400 cm2, cellular area, accumulative total is not more than 800 cm2, no holes.
4.2.2 without gap slag layer.
Holdings based surface slope, slope should be correct, no phenomenon of the slope.
4.3 allowable deviation projects, see table 2-13.
5 finished product protection
5.1 to ensure that the steel bar, embedded parts, accurate location of the embedded bolt, holes and line pipe, shall not touch.
5.2 heavy impact must not be used as a template, no help in hanging on the template of DaJiao planks, to ensure that the template solid and tight.
5.3 profile template should be in concrete strength can guarantee its edges and not because of open die, and when the damaged, can tear open mold.
5.4 in the pouring of concrete strength reaches more than 1.2 MPa, can walk in and on the upper and construction.
5.5 in the concrete transportation, should protect the reserved hole equipment pipelines, the doorway, avoid collision damage.
5.6 large equipment foundation more than adjacent buildings foundation depth, should have proper protection measures or solutions.
5.7 basis should be reserved holes according to design requirements, installing bolts and embedded parts shall be missed. In order to avoid the carved chisel foundation concrete.
5.8 night construction, reasonable arrangement of construction order, to be equipped with adequate lighting, prevent concrete mixture ratio to weigh
Concrete equipment foundation allowable deviation table 2-13
Will project allowable deviation (mm) test method
1 to coordinate displacement (vertical and horizontal axis) + 20 with theodolite or stay 'quantity check
In the plane of the 2 different elevation + 0-20 with level or stay 'quantity check
Plane dimension + 20 feet for inspection
3 convex platform + 0 to 20 feet of plane dimension inspection
Recess size 0 + 20 feet quantity check
Per meter with level 5 or level
The whole article 10 and wedge feeler check
5 per meter with theodolite or messenger wire
All 10 feet and check
The high (top) + 20-0 at the top of the roots or use level
Pitch in the plus or minus 2 or stay 'quantity check
Displacement of the center line of the plus or minus 10 feet of vertical and horizontal directions
7, embedded anchor bolt hole depth dimensions + 20-0 feet quantity check
10 hole aluminum vertical alignment or feet quantity check
The high + 20-0
Displacement of the center line of the plus or minus 5
Kong Mao plate flatness 2 with screws
Slotted anchor plate flatness 5
No, prevent collision of various pipelines, templates, embedded parts and site facilities, etc.
5.9 winter construction, concrete surface should be covered insulation materials, prevent concrete seas.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 concrete imperfect: due to the too thickness of blanking, vibrating false or leakage of vibration, hung for template root mortar pouring, honeycomb, pits, or holes; To early to dismantle, concrete grout stick on the template, can cause pitting surface.
6.2 concrete surface uneven, elevation is not allowed, size: due to the horizontal line or small peg, operation is not seriously leveling, concrete spread too thick, causes such as less spread too thin.
6.3 basic axis displacement, bolt holes and diaphragm displacement: mainly improper measures of embedded parts fixed, or concrete, vibration rods inserted are not allowed to be caused by the collision.
6.4 exposure: reinforced or displacement of block, reinforced against template or vibrating untrue, leakage, all can cause exposure.
6.5 gap slag: bad concrete construction joints have sundry, mainly is caused not carefully clean up construction joints.
6.6 irregular cracks: base is too large, internal stress due to hydration heat temperature, the lower concrete combining with bad, maintenance is not enough, or causes such as premature ripping.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records
7.1 cement factory certificate and the reinspection do not coincide.
7.2 template elevation, the axis, sizes and service records.
7.3 concrete should try with application form and mix notice issued by the laboratory.
7.4 concrete block 28 d standard compressive strength test report. Commercial concrete shall have the factory certificate.
7.5 embedded parts, bolts, anchor plate, etc. Product certification.

Tube wear insulated conductor installation process

1 scope
The technology standard is suitable for use in lighting engineering pipe threading installation project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 insulated wires: wire type, specification must comply with the design requirements, and the factory quality certificate.
2.1.2 galvanized iron wire or steel wire: no back button should be straight, twist to wait for a phenomenon, and the corresponding mechanical strain.
2.1.3 protecting mouth: according to the size of the pipe diameter should choose corresponding specifications of the mouth.
2.1.4 screw connection button: should choose according to wire section and the root of the wire number corresponding models of spiral wire reinforced insulation steel shell button.
2.1.5 LC type line pressing cap: has the flame retardant properties of oxygen index for more than 27%, suitable for aluminium conductor was 2.5, 4 was two kinds, suitable for copper wires was 1 to 4 was knot, pressure can be divided into yellow, white, red, green, and blue five kinds of color, can choose according to conductor section and root number used (aluminum wire with green, and blue; copper with yellow, white, red).
2.1.6 casing: a copper tube, aluminum tube, copper aluminum casing three transition, when choosing should be adopted and the conductor material, specifications corresponding casing.
2.1.7 terminal (wiring nose) : should choose according to conductor is the root of the number and the total cross section corresponding specifications of the terminal.
2.1.8 solder, tin, lead and antimony elements such as combination of low melting point alloy (185 ~ 260 ℃). Solder strips or filiform.
2.1.9 flux: can remove dirt and inhibit the workpiece surface oxide. General welding should use fluid of rosin, the natural rosin emulsion liquid, dissolved in alcohol made suitable for copper and copper alloy welding parts.
2.1.10 auxiliary materials: rubber (or plastic) insulation tape, black tape, talcum powder, cloth, etc.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 g silk sweet, long nose pliers, stripping pliers, crimping pliers, motorized cart.
2.2.2 electric furnace, tin pan, tin, tin spoon, soldering iron.
2.2.3 word screwdriver; cross screwdriver, electric knife, high stool, multimeter, megohmmeter.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 piping engineering or trough installation with civil structure are completed.
2.3.2 high-rise building in high voltage shaft, low shaft, integrated wiring, shaft, piping and wiring duct installation.
2.3.3 cooperate with civil engineering piping or trough installed roof construction.
3 operation process
3.1 the process flow
Sweep choose wire and tube to wear belt line, pay-off and bolt - wire tie with line and -
Nozzle with protection the mouth - wire connection - line insulation shake test
3.2 choose wire:
3.2.1 should according to the regulations of design choice wires. In and out of the door of the lead rubber insulated wire should be used.
3.2.2 phase line and neutral line and protect the color of the ground wire should distinguish between the wires with light blue color for the neutral line, with yellow and green color wire to protect the earth.
3.3 cleaning the line:
3.3.1 remove dust from the piping is the purpose of cleaning the pipe, mud and other debris.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 clean line method: strong tie in with the two end of cloth line, two people pulling back and forth with the line, the tube clean of debris.
3.4 wear belt line:
3.4.1 track wear the purpose is to check whether the line is clear with the line, the location of the line and the direction of the box, box whether accord with the requirement of design and construction drawing.
3.4.2 wear method with the line:
3.4.2.1 belt line generally adopt phi is 1.2 ~ 2.0 mm wire. First will not sealing one end of the wire bent into a circle, reuse threader will take line through the line, at the ends of the pipe shall be allow allowance of 10 ~ 15 cm.
3.4.2.2 turn in the long pipeline is large, can with the line at the same time of laying pipeline will wear well.
3.4.2.3 wear line is blocked, two iron wires stirring at the same time, the application to the end of the two iron wires hook twisted together each other, and then will take line out.
3.4.2.4 flame retardant plastic corrugated pipe wall corrugated, end with a line to be bent into a circle.
3.5 the feeding and disconnection:
3.5.1 track of pay-off:
3.5.1.1 pay-off should according to construction drawing before to check the specification, type of the wire.
3.5.1.2 pay-off wire should be placed on a motorized or when taking the car.
3.5.2 disconnection:
Reserve cut wire, wire length should be taken into account in the following four kind of situations.
3.5.2.1 junction box, switch box, bolt box and lamp box reserved length of the wire should be 15 cm.
3.5.2.2 distribution box reserved length of the wire should be half the distribution box body circumference.
3.5.2.3 traverse the homes of the reserved length should be 1.5 m.
3.5.2.4 utility wires in the branch, don't cut directly through the wire.
Wire binding with line and 3.6:
3.6.1 track when the less the number of wires, such as two or three wire, wire can be front end insulation stripped, and then insert the wire core directly plate with wire circle and inverted compaction, binding solid. Smooth tie place to form a cone-shaped transition area.
3.6.2 when the number of wires or more conductor cross section is larger, can will lead the front end insulation stripped, and then arrange wire core inclined fault in line with, and wind cable tie binding firmly. Make the binding form a smooth, tapered transition joint parts, easy to thread.
3.7 pipe threading
3.7.1 steel tube (wire) before threading, should first check the nozzle mouth is neat, if there is any omission or damaged, shall be a filling and replacement.
3.7.2 when turn long pipeline is large, should I go to a tube at the same time as the thread into the right amount of talcum powder.
3.7.3 threading, the two should be coordinated, a pull a send.
3.7.4 threading should pay attention to the following questions:
3.7.4.1 wire of the same communication circuit must wear in the same tube.
3.7.4.2 different circuit, different voltage and ac and dc conductor, shall not be wear into the same tube, but except for the following conditions:
(a) nominal voltage up to 50 v circuit; (b) the same equipment or the same assembly line equipment of the power circuit and no special tamper-proof requirements of control circuit; (c) the same lanterns several circuits; (d) a few of similar lighting circuit, but the total number of wire tube should not be more than eight.
3.7.4.3 wire in deformation joints, compensating device should move freely. Wire should have a certain degree.
3.7.4.4 in vertical pipeline laying wires, when more than the length of the following should be fixed in a pipe mouth and junction box: (a) cross-sectional area of 50 was and the following wire is 30 m; (b) cross-sectional area is 70 ~ 95 was conductor is 20 m; (c) cross-sectional area between 180 ~ 240 was lead to 18 m.
3.8 wire connection:
3.8.1 wires should have the condition:
Don't add resistance 3.8.1.1 wire connector.
3.8.1.2 mechanical wire can not reduce the original mechanical strength.
3.8.1.3 not reduce the original dielectric strength.
In order to meet the above requirements, when the electrical connection in the wires, you must first cut off the insulation to connect again, and then add welding, wrapped insulation.
3.8.2 exploitation insulating tools and method of use:
3.8.2.1 exploitation insulated tools:
For a variety of wire section, insulating layer thick degree, layering, how much is different, so use the tools of stripping is also different. Commonly used tools have electrician knife, wire clamp and wire stripping pliers, can be cut, and exploited the insulating layer. General 4 was the following wire in principle to use wire stripping pliers, but when using electric knife, not allowed to use a knife ran circles around the wire stripping method of insulation layer.
3.8.2.2 exploitation insulation methods:
A single layer peeling method: not allowed to use electric knife circle exploitation insulation, should use wire stripping pliers, as shown in figure 3-13 (a).
B piecewise strip method: generally apply to multilayer insulation wire exploitation, braided rubber insulated wires, using electric knife to cut to the outer braid, and had about 12 mm of insulation, wire core length with the mechanical strength of the connection methods and requirements, as shown in figure 3-13 (b).
3.8.2.3 oblique cutting method: use electric knife to 45 ° Angle of tilt cut into the insulation layer, when the present wire core should stop hard, then should be made on the surface of the knife Angle to about 15 °, head end along the wire core surface, and then the remaining insulation stripping wire core, with a 45 ° Angle cutting edge insert back to broken, as shown in figure 3-14.
3.8.3 single core copper wire line connection:
3.8.3.1 splicing method: is suitable for single conductor connection was 4 and below. The two lines cross each other, with both hands at the same time the two core ground after two laps, the two wire core winding 5 rounds in another thread, approximately cut fertilized, see figure 3 to 15.
3.8.3.2 winding method: by auxiliary line and without auxiliary line two, that applies to more than 6 was and single conductor line connection. To mutual merger, the two line after add auxiliary line with tie line in the middle of the merger parts to both ends of winding (volume), 10 times the length of wire diameter, then two wire core end back, five laps in the single winding outward, and the auxiliary line twist wring 2 laps, more than the line cut, as shown in figure 3-16.
3.8.4 branch of the single core copper wire connections:
3.8.4.1 splicing method: is suitable for the following 4 was single conductor. In branch circuit conductor at a cross on the trunk, to play a circle to prevent fall off, and then close around five laps. After the wound, cut off line. Tie line connection and small section concrete practice of line connection as shown in figure 3-17 and figure 3-18.
3.8.4.2 around method: applies to more than 6 was and branch connection of the single conductor, 90 ° to fold into the branch line close to the main line, its and the length of the roll is 10 times the diameter of the wire, single coil winding five laps after cut the remaining threads as shown in figure 3 to 19.
3.8.4.3 cross branch wire connection is shown in figure 3-20 and shown in figure 3-21.
3.8.5 multicore wire connected directly to:
Multi-fiber copper wire connection of three methods, namely single volume method, the wind volume and rewinding. Use fine emery cloth first oxide film on the surface of the core of qing dynasty, the joint of two line conductor of the center line of cut by two-thirds, to do the lateral line core umbrella open, mutual crisscross fork into one, and will have to open the terminal synthetic one, fork connection method as shown in figure 3-22.
3.8.5.1, single method: take any two adjacent wire core, on one side of the cross in the middle of the joint, with one of the core wire for cable tie, on the wire winding, after 5 ~ 7 laps with another thread core with binding wire above the ground hold the original cable tie down after continue according to the above method, its length is 10 times the diameter of the wires, the last around the terminal and a line twist wring 2 laps after shearing. On the other side of the wire. Should pay attention to the conductors are twisted in phase is arranged in a straight line, as shown in figure 3-23.
3.8.5.2 around method: same as the single core copper wire line winding connection method.
3.8.5.3 rewinding method: apply to multicore soft wire connection. Tied the wire end of the closed with short line do temporary binding, in order to prevent the loose, will the other ends all tightly wound core 3 laps, excess terminal stepped off in turn. On the other side also shall be dealt with in accordance with this method, shown in figure 3-24.
Branch connection 3.8.6 multi-fiber copper wires
3.8.6.1 around method: to fold into the branch line 90 ° close to the main line. At the end of cable tie appropriate bent into a semicircle, tie line short end bending into and semicircle form 90 ° Angle, and connecting with tight, with a long end winding, five times the length shall be the diameter of wire junction, then twist wring 2 laps on both ends of the cable tie, cut off line, as shown in figure 3 to 25.
3.8.6.2, single method: to break the branch line (or split in two and a half), into 90 ° close to the main root and branch lines one root in the ring on his trunk, twisting cut after 3 ~ 5 laps, continue with another thread core winding cut after 3 ~ 5 laps, according to this method to connect to 5 times the diameter of the double wire, shall ensure that all cut in a straight line as shown in figure 3 - as shown in figure 3-26 and 27.
3.8.6.3 rewinding method: cut the branch line end break into two and a half after crossing the junction between the main central, the branch line toward the mainline respectively tightly wound, after more than line according to the step cut, the length of 10 times the diameter of the wire, as shown in figure 3-28 and figure 3-29.
3.8.7 copper wires in the connection terminal box:
3.8.7.1: single core and joint wire insulating units and closed. At about 12 mm from insulation stage with one of the cable
Core in its winding connection end cut after 5 ~ 7 laps, approximately the fertilized and qi back pressure on the winding line, as shown in figure 3 to 30.
3.8.7.2 different diameter wire connector: if it is a single root (conductor cross section was less than 2.5) or more core soft line should be rinse tin processing first. Then fine lines cross in 15 mm thick insulation online distance place, and will end to thick wire (alone) end winding 5 ~ 7 laps, the coarse wire end back pressure on the fine line, as shown in figure 3-31.
3.8.7.3 LC secure line pressing hat:
A copper wire line pressing cap is divided into three kinds of color, yellow, white, red, respectively applicable to 1.0 was; 1.5 was; 2.5 was; Article 4 was 2 ~ 4 wire connection. Operation method is: will lead insulation strip 12 ~ 10 mm (decision) to cap type, removal of oxide, according to the specifications to choose the appropriate line pressing cap, insert the wire core line pressing pressure over the cap, if fill in false, wire core can be folded back to peel (double) and fill up. Core is inserted after, wire insulation should be pressure control of level and within the cap shell, using special crimping pliers compaction. Note; By LC secure pressed-line cap is superior to the junction welding package old process in general, has been widely used at present in the midtown cloth, replace the wire connection to use for many years and welding package technology (junction wire connection, welding wire rinse namely tin welding; packet namely tin wire connection rinse after welding wire insulation bandaging).
B aluminum wire crimping cap is divided into two, green, and blue for was 2.5 and 4 was 2 ~ 4 wire connection, the above operation method. The related technical data are shown in table 3-17, wire inserted meet with figure 3-32, press line cap pressure interview as shown in figure 3 to 33.
Using circular casing, is going to connect the aluminum conductor at opposite ends of the aluminum casing inserted, each half into the casing; When using oval sleeve, should make the two lines to plug, thread ends respectively show casing 4 mm; Then use crimping pliers and moulding pressure, pressure modulus and depth should correspond to the casing size. As shown in figure 3-35, as shown in the related technical data are shown in table 3 to 18.
3.8.9 terminal crimping:
Multi-strand wire (copper or aluminum) can be used with wire material and specification of the corresponding terminal. Stripped wire insulation layer, don't touch the wire core, the conductors are twisted together tightly, remove the oxide film in casing, terminal hole, insert the wire core, crimping pliers clamp. Part should be less than the l ~ 2 mm lead appears, as shown in figure 3 to 36.
3.8.10 wires connected to the flat type terminal:
3.8.10.1 single conductor connections:
With a word or cross machine screws, pressure traverse along the screw tight precession direction around a circle and then tighten. Don't allow the circle pressure welding, the plate opening should not be greater than 2 mm.
A single conductor connections:
Single conductor and single conductor met 3-37; Single conductor and multi-strand wire meets 3-38.
B single conductor plate circle: the pressure to use a word or cross machine screws, pressure traverse along the screw precession direction tight around a circle and then tighten. Don't allow the circle pressure welding, the plate opening should not be greater than 2 mm as shown in figure 3-39.
C multi-strand copper cord with screws, pressure to soft wire core is made first single rim of the eye, rinse after tin, flatten it with screw padded tight solid as shown in figure 3 to 40.
Note: the above two methods exposed after pressure welding wire core length is not more than 1 mm ~ 2 mm.
3.8.11 wire connected to the pinhole type wiring pile (pressure) :
The wires to connect the wire core insert wiring within the pile head pinhole, conductor naked pinhole 1 ~ 2 mm, pinhole is greater than the diameter of wire 1 times need back insert pressure welding, as shown in figure 3-41.
3.9 wire welding:
3.9.1 aluminum welding wire:
Before welding aluminum conductor wire core break straight fold, temporary ChanBang cable tie the joint. Wire insulation in asbestos rope wrapped in a cloth soaked in water, in case of burn out. Aluminum wire used in the welding flux has two kinds: one kind is 58.5% zinc, lead, copper 5% 40% of the flux; The other is a zinc, copper, lead, 1.5% and 20% 80% of the flux. Flux components are calculated by weight ratio.
3.9.2 copper wires welding:
Because cable wire diameter and installation place is different, so the welding method has the following kinds:
Add 3.9.2.1 electric welding: suitable for wire diameter smaller wire connection and the site of welding difficulties with other tools.
Wire connection with flux, using electric soldering.
3.9.2.2 burner heating (or use the electric stove heating) : put soldering tin spoon (or tin pan), and then use burner heating (or electric furnace), solder melt after welding can be achieved. When heated to master good temperature; High temperature rinse tin not full; Low temperature rinse tin uneven. Therefore, according to the solder composition, quality and environment temperature, and many other factors, grasp the suitable temperature for welding at any time.
After the welding must be a cloth to welding flux and other dirt rub-up.
3.10 wire wound:
In the first place with a rubber (or plastic) insulation tape since beginning of sound insulation wire tapping, winding insulation belt width 1 ~ 2, wrapped in half width overlap again. The bandage should as far as possible in the process of tightening the insulation tape. Finally on the insulation layer winding after 1 ~ 2 laps, and then back to the wind. Using rubber insulation bandaging, should be stretched to entangle again after 2 times. Then use black adhesive bandage, bandage to good cohesion, with a half width pressure while winding, tightening in the process of dressing tape at the same time, the conductor on both ends of the joint application of black cloth seal tightly. After dressing should submit date form, see figure 3-42.
3.11 line inspection and insulating shake test:
3.11.1 line inspection:
Receive, after completion of all welding, package, should be self-checking and mutual inspection; Check wire, welding, meets the design requirements and the relevant construction acceptance specifications and quality inspection evaluation standard. Do not conform to the provisions, shall immediately correct, check the insulation of the reentry after shaking.
3.11.2 insulation shake test:
The insulation of the lighting wave measurement generally use 500 v, range of 1 ~ 500 m Ω megohmmeter.
: when measuring circuit insulation resistance by megger are three marked "ground" (E); "Line" (L); The protection ring (G) terminal. Can be measured respectively on both ends meet on the E and L two terminal, as shown in figure 3-43.
General lighting line insulation insulation shake test has the following two cases:
3.11.2.1 electrical appliance line insulation shake test before installation, first separate lamp holder wire inside the box, switch box wires connected. Wave measurement should be separated the main line and branch line, one test, one should be reading and record in time. Shake speed should be kept at around 120 r/mm, reading should be reading in a minute.
3.11.2.2 electrical appliances all installed before sending time measurement, shall be on the first line switch, knife switches, instruments, equipment such as power switch all placed in a disconnected position, measuring method as above mentioned, sending a test run of the reentry after insulation shake test is verified.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 specification, type of the wire shall conform to the design requirements and the provisions of the national standard.
4.1.2 lighting circuit insulation resistance value is not less than 0.5 M Ω, power circuit insulation resistance value is not less than 1 M Ω.
Test method: the measured or check insulation shake test record.
4.2 the basic items:
2 pipe threading box, box clean without sundry, to protect the mouth, convenient casing is complete without falling off, wire order, and leave the appropriate allowance. Wire inside the pipe joint does not enter the seal of vertical pipe flowing after threading box, box processing is good, the wire connection is firm, bandage tightly, good insulation, not wound wire core.
4.2.2 choose right protection grounding line and neutral line section, line conform to the rules of color, firm connection close.
Inspection method: to observe the inspection or inspection records.
4.3 allowable deviation:
Check the wire section.
Methods: to observe the caliper or use the micrometer to measure.
Check the installation records.
5 finished product protection
5. L shall not be contaminated when threading equipment and construction items, should keep the environment clean.
5.2 using high stool and other tools, should pay attention to other equipment and shall not be damaged doors and Windows, metope, ground, etc.
5.3 after receive, welding, package is complete, it should be wire connector plate into the box, box, and paper seal sealed to prevent contamination. At the same time should prevent box, the water in the oven.
5.4 thread shall not omit bring convenient casing or full mouth.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 exist in the construction of protective mouth omissions, loss, damage, and the phenomenon such as do not tally with the pipe diameter. Protect mouth omissions resulting from careless operation or loss should be timely completion, to protect the mouth damage do not tally with the pipe diameter should be replaced in a timely manner.
6.2 copper wire connection, the wire winding number less than 5 times, not according to the technological requirements connection joints shall be dismantled to reconnect.
6.3 wire connection solder is not full, a virtual welding, the phenomenon such as slag. Tin soldering temperature appropriate, rinse to uniform. Play after used cloth to wipe the excess solder in time, keep the joint parts clean.
6.4 wire line core is damaged due to overexert and stripping pliers caused by improper use. Cutting line should be selected according to wire stripping pliers corresponding edge.
6.5 more soft copper wire rinse tin omission, should be in a timely manner to repair soldering.
6.6 joint part not smooth, not tight bandage. Should be in accordance with technological requirements to them.
6.7 screw loose connection button and line core is exposed. Connection button is unqualified and wire core cut too short will cause its loose allowance, wire core shear line too long can cause core is exposed. Should be chosen and the conductor cross section and lead root number corresponding qualified products, at the same time line core reserved length of 1.2 mm advisable.
6.8 after casing pressure welding, the position of the die is not in the center line, die don't match or depth is not enough, should choose qualified pressure welding die.
6.9 line insulation resistance value is low. May be water or in the pipeline insulation damage will cause the line insulation resistance value is low. Muddy water pipeline should be timely and clear clean or replace the wire.
6.10 type LC line pressing cap and inferior product, should pay attention to the plastic cap performance of the oxygen index is lower than 27%, no flame retardant; Too much pressure to take over the pipe diameter size error, not through silver plating processing; This phenomenon should not be used, must use the qualified products.
6.11 LC type line pressing cap didn't agree to use wire line diameter specifications or fill the false false, pressure, therefore in the use of LC type line pressing cap and wire diameter matching products, should be full, crimping before the firm pressure, wire core shall not be exposed.
7 quality records
7.1 all kinds of insulation wire factory quality certificate.
7.2 insulation wire laying preview, self-inspection, mutual inspection records.
7.3 design changes regarding the record, record drawings
7.4 insulation and grounding resistance test records.
7.5 kinds of construction quality inspection records.

Cable installation

1 range
    The process standards applicable to the rated load 5000kg and below, rated speed 3m / s and the following types of domestic traction drive rope elevator installation works.
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Equipment, material requirements:
    2.1.1 Specification of steel wire ropes Meet the design requirements, no dead bending, rust, pine, broken wire phenomenon, linen core grease without drying phenomenon, and keep clean.
    2.2.2 The number, quality and specification of the rope head and its components meet the design requirements.
    2.1.3 The amount of tungsten (babbitt) to be prepared enough.
    2.1.4 Section 2.5mm2 above the copper; Lead wire 20; gasoline, kerosene, cotton.
    2.2 The main equipment:
    Hammer, chop (cut wire rope tools), complete sets of gas welding tools, torch, tin pot, box ruler, Rally scales.
    2.3 Operating conditions:
    2.3.1 place to do rope should be kept clean, tungsten melting place where there are fire prevention measures.
    2.3.2 release wire rope should be clean and spacious venue to ensure that the wire rope surface from dirt.
3 operating process
    3.1 single-winding process:

Determine the length of wire rope → open wire rope, cut wire rope → do rope, hanging wire rope → adjust the rope

    3.2 rewinding process:

Determine the length of wire rope → open wire rope, cut wire rope → hang steel wire rope, do rope → install rope head →

Adjust the wire rope

    3.3 determine the length of wire rope:
    In the car and the corresponding rope head on the corresponding position of the rope were fitted with a rope tight. Double-nut on the rope head to install just to be able to bear on the cotter pin. Lift the rope head lever (so that the spring on the rope head to compress the direction of the force), with more than 2.5mm2 copper wire as shown in Figure 5-96 to measure the car rope cone exports to the cone head cone The length X of the exit.
    The rope length L is determined by the following formula:
    Single-winding: L = 0.996 × (X + 2Z + Q)
    Rewinding type: L = 0.996 × (X + 2Z + 2Q)
    Where: Z is the length of the wire rope in the cone (including the wire rope in the rope back part of the cone); Q for the car from the door sill height (Figure 5-96).
    3.4 put steel wire rope, chopped wire rope:
    In a clean spacious place to open the wire rope, wire rope inspection should be no dead bend, corrosion, broken wire situation. After the length of the wire rope is determined as described above, the wire rope is bound to a width of 15 mm at a distance of 5 mm from both ends of the chop, and then the wire rope is bound to the length Z in the funnel, ), And then cut off the wire rope with a chop.
    3.5 hang wire rope, do rope head:
    3.5.1 In the lanyard, should first open the wire rope, so that the free hanging in the shaft, the elimination of internal stress. Lanyard rope if the oil before the discovery, more slag, cotton yarn can be soaked with kerosene, wring dry after the wire rope to clean, prohibit the direct cleaning of steel wire rope to prevent the grease was washed off.
    3.5.2 single-winding elevator rope to do first after the rope. Rewinding elevator rope as the rope through the rewinding round more difficult, so first to do after hanging rope rope. Or do the first side of the rope head, to be linked to a good rope and then do the other side of the rope.
    3.5.3 will be cut after the wire rope, penetrate the cone, will cut the mouth banding lead wire demolition, loosen the strands, remove the core, with gasoline to clean the rope shares, according to the required size bend back, will bend good Rope stranded into the taper sleeve, the gate at the asbestos cloth or cement bag paper bandage, the next mouth with asbestos rope or cotton tight, the sequence shown in Figure 5-98.
    3.5.4 rope head watering before the rope head taper sleeve should be cleaned inside the oil debris, watering should be taken before the slow heating method so that the temperature of the taper set to about 100 ℃, re-watering.
    3.5.5 tungsten gold water temperature is appropriate to 350 ℃, tungsten to take indirect heating and melting, the temperature measured by thermocouple or when the paper into the cement bag immediately charred but not burning is appropriate. Water tungsten surface cleaning of impurities, water must be completed once, watering when the rope head, so that tungsten gold filling, irrigation before immersion can not be moved.
    3.6 There are two ways to adjust the wire rope tension:
    3.6.1 Measure and adjust the height of the rope head spring so that it is consistent, and its height error can not be greater than 2mm.
    This method should be prior to the selection of all the springs, so that the same rope head device on the same height of the spring, rope head device shown in Figure 5-99.
    3.6.2 With 100 ~ 150N (10 ~ 15kg) of spring species in the shaft 3/4 height (people standing on top of the car) to pull out the rope the same distance, the difference between the tension of not more than 5% , To meet the requirements of adjustment.
    After the tension of the rope is adjusted, the double nuts on the rope head must be tightened, the pins should be well cut and the tightening of the rope head should be adjusted.
4 quality requirements
    4.1 Warranty items:
    Wire rope should be wiped clean, no dead bend, pine, rust, broken wire phenomenon.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
    4.2 Basic Items:
    The tension difference of each wire rope is less than 5%.
    Test method: the car in the hoistway 2/3 height, with 50 ~ 100N (≈ 5 ~ 10kg) of the spring scales in the car to pull the same pull on the tension side of the rope tension, whichever is the average . And then the tension difference between each rope and the average value of comparison.
    4.3 rope head tungsten gold pouring dense, plump, smooth and consistent. Once with the taper sleeve leveling, and can observe the bending of the rope to meet the requirements.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
5 protection of finished products
    5.1 Wire rope, rope components, etc. In the transport, storage and installation process, no mechanical damage. Do not place in open air or in damp places.
    5.2 The use of electrical welding should be careful not to damage the rope. Do not use wire rope for wire.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
    6.1 If the wire rope is dirty, wipe it with cotton wool wiped with kerosene and wring it out. Do not clean it directly to prevent the grease from being washed off.
    6.2 wire rope can not be used when welding, so as not to damage the rope strength.
    6.3 for the rope head to be removed when the use of sawtooth saw blade or cut with a knife, not burned with fire.
    6.4 Before installing the wire rope, make sure the wire rope hangs naturally in the hoistway to eliminate its internal stress.
    6.5 rewinding elevator in the engine room or soundproof layer rope head board device, must be mounted on the handle structure, not directly on the floor.

Steel structure anticorrosion coating process

1 scope
The technology standard is suitable for use in construction steel structure anticorrosion construction technology for the project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material
2.1.1 construction steel structure project selection of anticorrosive materials shall comply with the design requirements. Materials for anti-corrosion primer, paint, thinners, etc. Construction steel structure engineering with red lead oil antirust paint, anti-corrosion primer molybdate red epoxy ester antirust paint, etc.; Construction steel structure anticorrosion paint with various alkyd enamel and various alkyd ready-mixed paint, etc. All kinds of anti-corrosion materials should comply with the provisions of the relevant national technical indicators, shall also have the factory quality certificate.
2.2 the main equipment:
Sand blasting gun, air pump, recycling equipment, spray gun, spray pump, hose, shovel knife, hand wheel, emery cloth, wire brush, cotton silk, small small compressor, paint barrels, brush, pickling tank and accessories, etc.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 painter working operation certificate should have a special type of work assignments.
2.3.2 anticorrosion coating engineering steel structure engineering checked before acceptance, and meets the design requirements.
2.3.3 anticorrosion coating work site shall have security protection measures, fire and ventilation measures to prevent fire and poisoning accidents.
2.3.4 open-air anticorrosion construction work should choose appropriate weather, should wind, rain, cold should not work.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Base cleaning to the primer coating, paint coating, acceptance check
3.2 base cleaning:
3.2.1 construction steel structure project upon the acceptance of the paint coating shall be installed in the steel structure. Before besmear to brush paint, to be part of the rust, weld coating, welding spatter, clean up the oil, dust and other sundry.
3.2.2 base cleaning derusting quality, directly related to the coating quality. So the base surface derusting quality of coating process is divided into primary and secondary, as shown in table 5-25.
Steel structure derusting quality grade table 5-25
Grade quality standard cleaning method
1 steel surfaces bared metal color sand blasting, shot blasting, pickling
2 steel products allowed to be kept clean the surface of the rolling skin clear general tools (wire brush, cloth)
3.2.3 in order to ensure the quality of coating, according to different needs can choose the following cleaning process.
3.2.3.1 sandblasting derusting, it is the use of compressed air pressure, continuously with quartz sand or iron ore impact the surface of the steel members, such as rust, oil on the surface of the steel cleaning to clean, bared metal steel as a method of cleaning. This method is of high efficiency, cleaning thoroughly, it is more advanced cleaning technology.
3.2.3.2 pickling, it is the need of coating of steel members, soaked in acid in the pool with acid to remove oil and rust on the surface of the component. Pickling process efficiency is high, derusting more thoroughly, but after pickling must use hot water or water components, if there is residual acid, component of corrosion will be more severe.
3.2.3.3 manual derusting, is by the artificial with some simple tools, such as blade, grinding wheel, emery cloth, steel wire brush tool, remove the rust on the steel members. This method is low working efficiency, poor working conditions, derusting nor completely.
Primer is 3.3:
3.3.1 blending red lead anti-rust paint, paint control the viscosity, consistency, degree, exchange should be fully mixing, paint color, viscosity uniform.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 brush the first layer when brushing paint the same direction, then if neat.
3.3.3 paint should be applied when frequently touch, the principle of the short brush, brush to prevent the flow with too many southbound crash.
3.3.4 brush for the first time, the gap should maintain a certain amount of time, to prevent the groove was dry on the second time, it would crash fat from the paint flow, lower quality.
3.3.5 for the first time after dry, brush again the second time, the second time brushing direction should be and for the first time brushing direction perpendicular to that can make the film thickness uniformity.
3.3.6 primer is to achieve at least 4 ~ 8 h after dry table, table dry before should not paint coating.
3.4 the paint coating:
3.4.1 track construction steel structure painting primer and finish among general clearance for a long time. Steel members to the site assembly after coating antirust paint, uniform coating paint only after assembly. So before coating paint for steel surface of clean, clear installation weld flux, go to burn or touch paint component, should also fill paint in advance.
3.4.2 topcoat modulation should choose color completely consistent paint, thinners exchange should be appropriate, paint should be fully mixing before use, maintain uniform color. Its viscosity, consistency, should guarantee the coating without flow doesn't brush lines.
Rule 3.4.3 paint in use process should be continuously stirred, coating method and the direction the same as the above process.
3.4.4 coating process using spraying construction, should adjust the nozzle diameter, spraying pressure, spray gun hose free to stretch to work area, air compressor air pressure should be kept in 0.4 ~ 0.7 N/was.
3.4.5 spraying should keep a good distance between nozzle and coating, spray gun and surface distance should be in commonly 100 mm or so, the spray gun with steel structure should keep vertical plane Angle, or slightly updip nozzle is advisable.
3.4.6 spraying nozzle should be parallel to the mobile, mobile should be smooth, speed is consistent, uniform coating. But using spraying, coating thickness is thinner, reason should be spray a few times more, each should be to the upper layer of spray paint film is dry.
3.5 coating inspection and acceptance:
3.5.1 track of surface coating construction and after construction, deal with protection coating of the workpiece, prevent the flying dust and other sundry.
3.5.2 coating processing after the check, it should be the coating color is consistent, clear bright color, not wrinkle the skin, no bumps.
3.5.3 of determining the thickness of coating film, film thickness is measured by touch point paint film thickness gauge, thickness of paint film thickness gauge measurement commonly 3 point, take the average.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure project shall meet the following requirements:
4.4.1 paint, thinner and curing agent and other varieties, types and quality, and the state should comply with the design requirements of the standard rules.
Methods: to check the quality certificate or the reinspection report.
4.1.2 steel before painting surface rust removal and the state should comply with the design requirements of the standard provision: the chemical cleaning of steel surface should be metal color. After processing the steel surface should be no welding slag, welding scar, dust, oil, water and burr, etc.
Testing method: use the shovel to check and with the current national standard "steel surface before coating corrosion level and descaling grade image contrast observation of the check.
4.1.3 shall not coating, coating, coating should be no rust peeling and return.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2 the basic project shall meet the following requirements:
The appearance quality of the coating project of 2:
Qualified: coating should be uniform, no obvious wrinkled skin, bubble, good adhesion.
Good: coating should be uniform, colour and lustre is consistent, wrinkled skin, flow and bubble, good adhesion, color separation line clear and tidy.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.2.2 component repair paint quality:
Qualification: paint film shall be complete.
Good: according to the coating process layered fill brush, paint film is complete, good adhesion.
Check the number: 10% selectiving examination by number of each type of component, but which should not be less than 3 pieces.
Inspection method: to observe the examination.
4.3 the dry film thickness of coating engineering allowable deviation of the project and inspection methods shall comply with the provisions of the table 5-26. Dry film thickness requirements value and deviation should be allowed to meet the construction and acceptance of steel structure engineering.
Check quantity: according to the same kind of numeral spot-check 10%, but should not be less than 3 pieces, each piece of measuring 5, the value of each for three point dry film thickness of about 50 mm apart the average.
Dry film thickness of the allowable deviation of project and inspection method table 5-26
Visual inspection method
Dry film thickness of components manufacture
Total dry film thickness
5 finished product protection
5.1 after coating steel members shall be temporary retaining isolation, prevent trod, damage to the coating.
5.2 after coating steel members, such as within 4 h in case of wind or rain, should be covered, prevent contamination of dust and moisture, affect coating adhesion.
5.3 after coating components to transport, attention should be paid to prevent knock against, prevent the drag on the ground, to prevent coating damage.
5.4 after coating of steel members do not contact with acids liquid, prevent bites coating.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 coating operating temperature should be between 5 ~ 38 ℃ advisable, when the weather temperature is below 5 ℃, should choose the corresponding application of coating material at low temperature.
6.2 when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, should stop coating operations. Because of component temperature 40 ℃, in the steel surface besmear brushs the paint will produce bubbles, reduce the adhesion of paint film.
6.3 when air humidity is more than 85%, or component surface condensation, unfavorable coating operations.
6.4 steel members before the production, deal with hidden component parts, sandwich structure is difficult to cleaning, derusting, ahead of besmear to brush in advance.
7 quality records
Quality records of this process standards should possess the following:
7.1 steel grid structure primer coating product certificate.
7.2 steel grid structure paint coating product certificate.
7.3 the quality of the steel grid structure coating inspection records and reports.