Construction technology of cushion of slag

1 scope

This standard applies to industrial and civil construction floor cushion of slag in construction operations.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1 slag: slag should not contain organic impurities and unburned coal particle size should not be larger than 40mm (shall not be greater than the thickness of cushion and 1/2), particle size in the volume up to 5mm, shall not exceed the total volume of the 40%.

2.1.2 cement: use Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement, more than its label, No. 325.

2.1.3 curing lime: 3~4d water before application of lime powder and sieve, its size cannot be greater than 5mm. Curing processing pulverized quicklime lime can be used, add water to dissolve before using before use.

2.1.4 equipment: mixer, wheelbarrows, the rolling stones or iron, (200mm, 600mm), flat spade, metering, sieve, watering cans, paste pots, wooden clappers, 3M, and 1M long wooden poles, brooms, iron chisel and wire brush and so on.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 structure project has been and acceptance, and through acceptance procedures, door frames have been installed, +50cm level elevations have been playing on the wall.

2.2.2 embedded in the cushion of electrical pipelines and other equipment has been installed (with fine stone concrete or cement mortar pipes embedded 1:3 tight, there is a certain value, shop to slag) and through covert acceptance procedures.

2.2.3 pipeline has finished installation and acceptance across the floor, floor holes with a packing density of fine stone concrete.

2.2.4 first floor underground drainage pipes, heating channel, heating pipes have been installed, and through covert acceptance procedures. Finish the backfill soil, dust, and check acceptance.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Primary screening of slag and water tightness → → find elevation, elastic cord, leveling Pier →

Grass-roots water wet, mix paving cushion of slag slag → → scraping, rolling → conservation

3.1.1 base treatment: before paving cushion of slag, cement to bond at the grass-roots level, concrete residue with an iron chisel your chisel and wire brush and then clean with a broom, water wetter.

3.1.2 slag screening and water stuffy: slag in using Qian must had two again screen, first again had big aperture screen, screen aperture for 40mm, second again screen with small aperture screen, screen hole for 5mm, main screen to fine powder, makes grain diameter 5mm and the following of particles volume shall not over total volume of 40%, such do makes slag has weight grain diameter and some reasonable ratio, ensure has lime and slag of mutual role, on promote pad layer of forming and early strength improve is favourable.

Cushion of slag or cement slag slag, no new grounds, you must use the "old slag", the so-called "old slag" is in deep water bored before using slag from the water network transmission time of not less than 5d.

Cushion of cement-lime slag slag should be cured with lime mortar or with lime-water mix bored, bored it shall not be less than 5d.

3.1.3 for elevation, line and leveling piers: according to +50cm level on the wall elevations and cushion thickness design provisions (such as when there is no design, its thickness should not be less than 80mm), measure down cushion finish elevation, and bounced around on the wall. Then pulled horizontal wipe leveling Pier (with fine stone concrete or cement mortar wipe into 60mmx60mm square, and pad layer with high, dang pad layer Pu finished leveling zhihou can demolition, fill slag mix collection material), its spacing 2m around, has pan water requirements of room, by slope requirements pull find highest and minimum of elevation, wipe out slope Pier, used to control pad layer of surface elevation.

3.1.4 basic sprinkler wet: cushion of slag mixture again before laying with a broom to clean the grass-roots level, sprinkle again (with a watering can sprinkled evenly).

3.1.5 slag mix: slag cement pad or cushion of cement-lime slag Proportioning should comply with the design requirements. Bored of slag by volume ratio (should be prepared measuring tool) and after a dry mix of cement, add water, mix again, should strictly control the amount of water, for laying cushion surfaces must not occur when bleeding phenomenon as the principle to determine the amount of water.

Lime slag-cement mixing method as above, by pressing the mix after mix, then add water to mix evenly.

3.1.6 laying slag mix collection material: Pu slag Qian in grass-roots brush a pigment water mud (w/c for 0.4~0.5), will mix collection uniform of mix collection material, from room within back with to outside laying, virtual Pu thickness should be control in 1.3:1, for example design requirements pad layer for 80mm, mix collection material virtual Pu thickness for 104mm (pad layer thickness as is greater than 120mm Shi, should layered laying, each laminated real Hou of thickness not should is greater than virtual Pu thickness of 3/4).

3.1.7 scraping, rolling: marked by leveling DUN, control the virtual floor thickness, roughly leveled with a spade, and then with a wooden scraper bar to scrape, then rolled round roll (thickness more than 20mm, the vibrating Board), and feel free to use 2m m on foot to check smoothness and high part of the shovel, and valleys filled in. Until the roll flat plasma so far. For walls, not around the corner, pipe rolling, wooden clapper beating dense.

Cushion of slag cement with mixed with paving, compaction, all operations should be controlled at 2H to complete the process. Generally does not remain in the construction process of construction joints, must larger such as construction joints, wooden or wood block Cha, guaranteed straight Cha dense rub should be brushed when cement (w/c is 0.4~0.5), and then continue to spread mixture of slag.

3.1.8 conservation: cushion construction should be carried out after the water conservation, no people trample, dirty, its freezing rear surface construction can be carried out.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 cushion of slag using quality materials such as cement, slag, lime, must comply with the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the standard.

4.1.2 construction mixture ratio, Pu pressure density should comply with the design and code for construction and acceptance of the request.

4.1.3 slag layer and the grass-roots level, there shall be no hollow and surface phenomena.

4.2 allowable deviation, as shown in table 7-1.

5 finished product protection

5.1 transport mix trolleys do not crash the door frame. Pu cushion when the mixture of slag, attention must not be touch loose solid tube of fine stone concrete, through vertical pipes must be protected.

Cushion of slag tolerance table 7-1

Serial number item tolerance (mm) test method

10 2m m on foot and 1 surface flatness wedge feeler Gage check

2 elevation ± 10 use level to check

3 slope of 2/1000, and not more than 30 adjustable triangle check

4 individual small design thickness 1/10 ' check

5.2 cushion of slag pouring out, attention should be paid to conservation at room temperature behind the 3D surface construction.

5.3 No cushion placed on a variety of materials, especially the paint bucket, mix mortar, so as not to affect the bond strength and surface.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 layer hollowing crack: because of the following reasons:

6.1.1 primary debris is not clean, scrape cement without brush, bedding layer and no watering and other, affect the bond strength between the cushion and the grass-roots level.

6.1.2 slags contain unburned coal cinder or slag water tightness is not.

6.1.3 tiny particles in slag (viscosity size in 5mm and below) a larger proportion.

6.2 cushion of slag surface: mainly slag after installation, without according to line level, and trowel the cement after initial set, has been more difficult, must therefore be strictly operate according to the process, the entire operation process control in 2H, rolling check pulled level at any time in the process.

6.3 cushion loose, low intensity: the main is in the process of mixing mixing ratio are not allowed, the whole construction process is too long, still rolling after the initial setting, resulting in loose cushion, cushion after pouring out, without curing the premature human operations and other factors, leads to loose strength on the surface.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 cement factory certificate.

7.2 slag testing certificate and test records.

7.3 cushion of slag quality inspection and assessment records.

Metal duct fabrication process

1 scope

This technology is applicable to ordinary steel sheet, galvanized steel sheet, stainless steel and aluminum wind control.

2 construction preparation

Requirements 2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1 using sheet metal, steel primary materials should have a factory certificate or qualification documents.

2.1.2 make duct and accessories plate thickness should meet the requirements of table 4-1.

2.1.3 galvanized steel sheet surface must not have cracks, scars and defects such as watermarks, zinc coating crystalline patterns.

2.1.4 make stainless steel air duct and accessories plate thickness should meet the requirements of table 4-2.

Table 4-2 of the wind pipe and fittings of stainless steel plate thickness

Round duct diameter or rectangular duct side

(Mm) stainless steel plate thickness

(mm)

100~500 0.5

560~1120 0.75

1250~2000 1.00

2500~4000 1.2

2.1.5 stainless steel plates with acid and alkali corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Plate surface without scratches, scratches, dust and Pocket and other defects.

2.1.6 production aluminum air ducts and accessories plate thickness should meet the requirements of table 4-3.

Aluminum sheet wind tube and accessories plate thickness gauge 4-3

Round duct diameter or rectangular duct side

(Mm) aluminum thickness

(mm)

100~320 1.0

360~630 1.5

700~2000 2.0

2500~4000 2.5

2.1.7 aluminum sheet should have good plastic, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and acid corrosion properties and surface without scratches and wear.

2.1.8 gantry cut Board machine, and electric rushed cut, and hand with electric cut pour angle machine, and bite mouth machine, and pressure reinforced machine, and folding party machine, and collection sewing machine, and vibration type curve cut Board machine, and volume round machine, and round elbow bite door machine, and steel cutting machine, and angle (flat) steel volume round machine, and hydraulic clamp nail clamp, and electric pulled Liu gun, and bench drill, and hand drill, and rushed machine, and cuttings method blue machine, and spiral volume tube machine, and electric, and gas welding equipment, and air compressor paint gun, equipment and the stainless steel board feet, and steel ruler, and square Protractor, and designated rules, and designated needle, and ocean rushed, and hammer, and not hammer, and Clappers and other small tools.

Exhaust system steel plate thickness may refer to the high-pressure system.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 processing should be spacious, bright, clean, flat on the ground, not the wet plant.

2.2.2 the scene dispersing process should have rain, snow, high winds and a firm structure of features.

2.2.3 work sites to have a corresponding processing technology of basic equipment, facilities and power and reliable security reset, and is equipped with fire-fighting equipment.

2.2.4 wind pipe making due approval of the drawings, by reviewing the detail maps, System maps, and construction of a written disclosure of technical quality and safety.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Cutting → cutting bite duct making → → → chamfer break →

Blanking flange welding → → holes punched

Round flange bending leveling → → → dash punch drill

→ Rivet flange flange → test → → → finished painting factory

Note: when there is no design requirements, galvanized duct products are not painted.

3.2 line basic line: right angle line, perpendicular bisector, Parallels, angle bisector, straight parts, parts, etc. Parallel methods, radiation methods should be used and the triangle line. In terms of figures and bulk air hose of different geometrical shapes and specifications, dash, respectively.

3.3 sheet shear material under review must be conducted, so as to avoid errors, line shapes with mechanical shears and scissors to cut by hand.

3.4 when cut, hand into the machine plate holes is strictly prohibited. Placement tool allowed on items such as tools, when adjusting the sheets, on the foot cannot be placed on the pedals. Using stationary vibration cutting his hands to steady plate, hands away from the blade shall not be less than 5cm, evenly properly.

3.5 plate after cutting in and rolling before the mouth, must be chamfered with chamfering machine, or a pair of scissors. Chamfered shape as in Figure 4-1.

3.6 air duct made of metal sheets using bite connecting rivet connections, welded in different ways. Different plate to bite or welding lines as provided in table 4-4.

Scuffing or welding lines of the metal duct table 4-4

Board thickness

(mm)

材 质

Steel plate

(Does not include galvanized steel), stainless steel

Aluminum plate

δ≤1.0

Bite by bite

1.0<δ≤1.2

1.2< δ ≤ 1.5 welding welding welding

Δ >1.5 (welding) (welding and welding) (for gas welding and argon arc welding)

3.6.1 bite connection type in the form of direct-use 4-2. Bite and variable set according to the thickness and the width shall comply with the requirements in table 4-5.

3.6.2 welding can be used for gas welding, electric welding, or contact welding, welds forms should be determined in accordance with duct construction and welding methods, optional forms in Figure 4-3.

3.6.3 rivet connections, rivet center line must be perpendicular to the plate surface, rivet head should be pressed plates, seams close merge and rivet neatly and evenly.

Bite table width (mm) table 4-5

Plate thickness wide bite angle b width b

Below 0.7 6~8 6~7

0.7~0.82 8~10 7~8

0.9~1.2 10~12 9~10

Between the plates riveted, generally without bedding, design requirements, according to design requirements.

3.7 seam connection choose bite according to use. Scope can refer to table 4-6.

Bite and scope of table 4-6

Scope type name

A single bite

Used sheet metal stitching and circular duct closure bites

Vertical bite

Pipe used to round pipe or directly bites

Joint angle

For rectangular duct, elbows, tees and tube bites

Corner bite

This bite is now rectangular air ducts are used, sometimes also bends, tees, or four-way pipe

3.8 when you bite your fingers from the wheel guard is not less than 5cm, the handle must not be put on the bite tracks, steady sheets.

3.9 after bite sheet drawing of the folding lines on the folding machine, at the Centre of lower line. When operating the machine blade centre line coincides with the center line of the lower die, fold into the angle you need.

310 percent should cooperate with each other and with the folding machine to keep at arm's length so as not to bruise turning plates or counterweight.

3.11 when making circular duct will bite both ends into arc-shaped in a round circle on circle, according to the wind pipe diameter specification adjust up and down roller spacing, when hands may not directly push plate.

312 percent or after a round plate with the comfort of machine or hand-stitching. When made, evenly, not too heavy. Single and dual port does bite, burst free and half-bite phenomenon.

3.13 flange processing:

3.13.1 rectangular wind pipe flange processing:

3.13.1.1 flange formed by the four angle steel welding, dash should be aware of the welded flange diameter must not be smaller than the outer diameter of the duct, using steel cutters cut.

3.13.1.2 blanking press the straightening after impact on fastener holes and bolt holes, hole distance should not be greater than 150mm. 8501 flame retardant rubber seal when making bedding, bolt hole spacing can be appropriately increased, but not more than 300mm.

3.13.1.3 after punching angle steel welded platform for weld, welding mould clamping according to the specifications.

3.13.1.4 rectangular flange material specification should meet the requirements of table 4-7.

Rectangle table 4-7 of the wind pipe flange

Rectangular duct side length (mm) flange material specification (mm)

≤ 630

25x3

800~1250

30x4

1600~2500

40x4

3000~4000

50x5

Note: the flange of the four corners of the rectangle should be set screw hole.

3.13.2 rounded flange processing:

3.13.2.1 the whole steel or flat steel in cold simmer flange bending machines up to adjust on a required flange diameter adjustable mechanical parts, roll into spiral shape down.

3.13.2.2 draw a line after the roll of steel cut open, and placed one by one on the platform level.

3.13.2.3 adjustment of various flanges for welding, punching.

3.13.2.4 round flange material specification should meet the requirements of table 4-8.

Round table 4-8 of the wind pipe flange

Circular duct flange diameter materials specifications

(Mm) flat steel (mm) angle (mm)

Less than 140-20x4

150~280

-25x4

300~500

25x3

530~1250

30x4

1320~2000 40x4

3.13.3 without flange processing:

Jointless pipe interface used in machinery processing, size should be correct and shape rules, interfaces should be tight. Without flange corners of the rectangular duct connector fixed measures.

Wind tube without flange connection can use socket, cutting, sheet, flange spring clip in the form, as shown in table 4-9, 4-10, 4-11.

3.13.4 stainless steels, aluminum wind pipe flange standards should meet the requirements of table 4-12 use of materials.

Flange material specifications (mm) table 4-12

Round, rectangular, stainless steel air tubes

≤ 280

320~560

630~1000

1120~2000

-25x4

-30x4

-35x4

-40x4

Round, rectangular aluminum duct

≤ 280

320~560

630~1000

1120~2000

2000~ L30×4

L35×4

L40×4

-30x6

-35x8

-40x10

-40x12

In the wind tube rivet flange when the waist band eyes, facial tubes fit on personnel to avoid punches.

3.14 rectangular duct side older than or equal to 630mm and duct insulation grew up to 800 m or m, pipe length in 1200mm shall take such measures. Length is less than or equal to the 800mm duct, should be reinforced by cord reinforcement and line method.

, High pressure air pipe length is greater than 1200mm, should take the form of reinforced box reinforcement.

High pressure single bite duct seam strengthening measures.

Duct plate thickness greater than or equal to 2mm, the strengthening measures may be appropriate to relax.

Wind pipe rehabilitation method as shown in Figure 4-4, 4-5.

3.15 the wind pipe and flange forming, air tube and flat steel flanges available flanged connections; and angle steel flange connection, pipe wall thickness is less than or equal to 1.5mm can use flanging Liu, rivet size, Liu Kong sizes see table 4-13 requirement.

Pipe wall thickness is greater than the 1.5mm flange welding along the duct around the nozzle and welding, resistance spot welding flange and the outer surface of the pipe wall fitting; full welding flange should be out of the duct pipe 4~5mm, to prevent deformation, Figure 4-6 methods can be used.

Figure 4-5 rectangular duct reinforcement forms

Circle, rectangle specifications and wind pipe flange rivet rivet hole table 4-13

Type duct specification rivets rivet size specification

120~630

800~2000 φ4.5

φ5.5 φ4×8

φ5×10

200~500

530~2000 φ4.5

φ5.5 φ4×8

φ5×10

Several welding sequence used in the picture, indicating the general direction of welding, welding of small arrows indicate some direction, sequence number indicates the welding. So can cause welds to evenly heated and cooled, thereby reducing the deformation.

3.16 wind pipe and flange rivet quality review before, after passing on the flange in the wind pipe, set aside 10MM flange pipe end, tube on the side in line with flange plane to the vertical, and then use the hydraulic riveting pliers or a manual clamp clamp rivets the eye duct flanges are anchored, and at four weeks.

3.17 the flange should be formed, should not cover screw holes, four corners should be bulldozed, there should not be returned, so as to avoid air leakage.

3.18 wind tube and widgets (Zui Zi, short tube) joint, three-way, four-way branch offices to close, cracks should be sealed using solder or glue block so as to avoid air leakage. Play fluid are not allowed when using Tin soldering, melting water, prevent splashes wounding hydrochloride be properly kept.

3.19 duct spray preservative should be at low temperature (below + 5 c) and humidity (relative humidity less than 80%) environments, should remove surface dust, dirt and rust before painting and keep dry. Painting, film should be uniformly, without accumulation, spill paint defects such as, wrinkles, bubbles and color mixing.

Common plate must be pressed in with spray paint, ensure that the bite sew difficult to rust.

3.20 thin steel anticorrosive paint design is not required, may refer to the provisions of table 4-14.

Sheet steel paint sheet 4-14

Ordinal duct conveying the gas medium paint paint category number

1 does not contain dust and the air temperature does not exceed 70 ℃ coating rust-inhibiting primer

Surface-coating antirust primer

Outside surface finish (Matt) 2

1

2

2 does not contain dust and temperature not exceeding 70 ℃, heat-resistant paint Interior and exterior air 2

3 chip air containing dust or powder coated in anti-rust primer

Surface-coating antirust primer

External surface coated paint 1

1

2

4 contains corrosive acid on the air inside and outside surface primer

Acid-resistant paint on inside and outside surface ≥ 2

≥ 2

Note: the required duct not coated on the outer surface of the insulation Binder should be coated paint two times.

3.21 wind tube product testing should be main tubes, pipes wrote in the order system connecting numbers and engineering Jane reasonably stacked neatly, waiting to transport the factory.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 specifications and dimensions must conform to the design requirements of the duct.

Inspection method: standard and Visual check.

4.1.2 wind tube bit slit width must close, evenly, no defects such as holes half a bite and swelling. Straight pipe joints should be staggered vertical bite.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.1.3 wind pipe no burn, weld defects such as cracks and leakage, longitudinal welds must be staggered.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 appearance quality of duct should reach angle, straight and circular uniform, parallel to both ends, no corners. Bump on the surface is not more than 5mm; wind pipe and the flange firmly attached, flange flat width of not more than 6mm, close to the flange.

Inspection method: cable, standard and watch inspection.

4.2.2 wind pipe flange holes should meet the requirements of specification for design and construction, welding should be solid, weld does not set screw hole. Screw holes have interchangeability.

Inspection method: standard and Visual check.

4.2.3 duct reinforcement should be solid and reliable, in order, spacing, and symmetrical.

Inspection method: observation and hand methods.

4.2.4 stainless steel plate, aluminum plate duct surface should be no nicks, scratches, Pocket and other defects. Composite plate duct surface without damage.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.2.5 Tin cutting width of flange to be consistent, once you insert both pipe ends should be solid and reliable.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.3 allowable deviation

4.3.1 wind pipe and flange production size tolerances and the test method should meet the requirements of table 4-15.

Wind pipe and flange production method for the determination of tolerances and table 4-15

Project tolerance (mm) test method

1 round duct diameter

φ≤300mm 0

-1 with standard diameter of 90 degrees to each other

φ>300mm 0

-2

2 large rectangular duct side ≤ 300mm 0

-1 foot check

>300mm 0

-2

3 circular flange diameter +2

0 with standard diameter of 90 degrees to each other

4 rectangular flange side length +2

0 using standard four-sided

5 difference between rectangular flange two diagonal 3 foot check

6 flange 2 flange flatness on the platform, using feeler gauges to check

7 flange flatness of weld butt 1

5 finished product protection

5.1 to maintain galvanized steel smooth surface clean and mat placed dry across the tide and spacious wood shelves, stacked neatly.

5.2 stainless steel plate, aluminum plate to stand on a wooden frame, do not overlap, so as not to scratch the surface as you drag. Material should be made

Drawing tool with no scratches, operators must use wooden hammer or rubber hammer, hammer shall be used so as not to drop points to generate rust.

5.3 flange material classifications streamline code, open place should take measures against rain, snow, reduce rust.

5.4 air duct products should be placed on a flat, water-free, spacious venue, not with other materials, equipment, such as mixing together, and rain and snow prevention measures. Code number should be based on system, orderly, reasonable, easy shipping.

5.5 air duct handling handling with care to prevent damage to the finished product.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 metal duct easily quality problems and preventing measures refer to table 4-16.

Wind pipe making easy to produce quality problems and preventing measures for table 4-16

Ordinals often quality control measures

1 rivet off enhanced responsibility, rivet inspection

According to operate correctly

Longer rivets

2 wind pipe flange connection does not use feet to look for are the flange perpendicular to the straight-sided tube sided flange width

3 flange flange corner segment of air leakage in front of chamfer

Bite when overlap flanging raze

The corners should not be returned

4 holes sealed with solder or glue pipe connection holes appear blocked

5 wind pipe with varying degrees up and down the side to sink, small side protrude on both sides, there were deformed by use of the specification plate thickness, bite should be according to the function in the form of strengthening the norms

Distortion 6 rectangular duct, tilt angle correct cutting

Sheet reserve must be dimensionally correct bite, ensure consistent bit width

Rectangular elbows, 7 round elbow accurate right angle cutting

8 round duct misalignment

Round three-way angle not lax, occlusal properly the next

7 quality records

7.1 inspection projects and inspection record form.

7.2 metal duct fabrication section for quality inspection and assessment form.

Lime soil Foundation construction technology

1 scope

This technology is applicable to general industry and civil architecture Foundation, base Groove to assessment, sewer, an outdoor stage, indoor and apron and lime soil Foundation (cushion).

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1: advised to give priority to the use of trench dug in the dirt, but must not contain organic impurities, prior to screening, its diameter is not more than 15mm. Water content should meet the requirements.

2.1.2 lime: the ash or lime; should be fully cured before using sift shall not contain size block of quicklime is greater than 5mm, or contains too much water.

2.1.3 equipment: General should have wooden Rammer, frog or diesel ramming machines, trolleys, sieve (diameter 6~10MM and 16~20mm two), standard bucket, on foot, rake, a flat shovel, hose, small lines and Pocket rule.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 pit (Groove) in front of the shop dust study inspection must be brazed, and according to the design and exploration Department Foundation has been processed, through hidden procedures.

2.2.2 base side dust must be based, check basement walls and underground water-proof layer, protective layer, damage should be repaired, when hidden procedures. Poured concrete foundation walls and beams shall meet the requirements of strength, not hit damage concrete.

2.2.3 the local water level higher than the pit (notch) at the end of construction should take measures to reduce groundwater drainage or, enable the groundwater level was maintained at below the 0.5M, shall not be affected by water immersion in a 3D.

2.2.4 engineering should be based on compaction factor characteristics, design, and construction types, soil conditions, rational determination of soil water content control. Thickness of the spreading of lime-soil compaction and consolidation parameters such as playing a few times. Key lime filling its parameters should be determined by compaction tests.

2.2.5 house dust and tunnel dust, should be completed on water pipe installation or after the trench wall reinforcement measures such as, and. On the sewer, tank, flooring and water clean or debris, waste and other organic matter.

2.2.6 construction, as a sign of good levels of elevation. As in the pit (Groove) or trench on every 3M on the slopes of nail dust on flat wood stick, indoors and on playing on the Wall beside the apron level or nail on the floor good elevation control stakes.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Testing soil and lime powder and sift the quality of lime-flyash soil mixing → → bottom clearing → layered spread dust →

Dynamic compaction-compacting → leveling acceptance

3.2 first check type and soil quality and lime quality meets the standard requirements and then sift. If it is made of gray boring Hydrated lime, 6~10MM sieve, sieve, is lime can be used; using 16~20mm soil sieve, sift, shall ensure that the size requirements.

3.3 dust mix: volume ratio of mixture ratio of lime application, apart from special design requirements, typically 2:8 or 3:7. Bedding dust must be standard, strictly control the mixing ratio. Uniform mix must be timely, with at least twice, mix good lime color should be consistent.

3.4 lime soil construction, should be appropriately controlled moisture content. Site inspection methods are: dust with her hands clenched, two-finger pinch light is broken. Too much water or soil is low, should be allowed to dry soaking wet.

3.5 pit (Groove) or base by the end of the surface should be cleaned. Especially trough falls of tilled soil, wind-blown leaves, Wood scraps of paper, plastic bags and other refuse clutter.

3.6 tiered Pu lime: lime casting thickness of each, according to the different construction methods and selection according to table 2-l.

Lime's largest virtual shop thickness table 2-1

Types of compactor weight (kg) empty paving thickness (mm) remarks

1 wooden Rammer 40~80 200~250 human ramming and landed high 400~500mm, a RAM and a half RAM

2 light tamping Rammer, diesel -200~250 frog ramming machine

3 roller 6~10T 200~300 double

Wooden rake after every casting leveling, and pit (Groove) on the side wall of wood bent or correspond to the standard log check on the floor.

3.7 dynamic compaction-compacting: RAM (pressure) times should be designed according to the needs of dry soil density or field test determined that normally no less than three times. Artificial ramming a RAM and a half RAM, RAM RAM, connected to the line, vertical and horizontal cross.

3.8 when the lime soil construction, not in the corner, under the Foundation and load-bearing wall between Windows by Cha, Cha of the upper and lower layers of lime-soil compaction distance shall not be less than 500mm.

3.9-ash backfill each RAM (pressure) after real, should be based on norms of the cutting ring sampling, measure the density of dust, when you meet the design requirements, to make the casting of a layer of dust on it.

Penetration Tester check the dust mass, field tests should be conducted to determine the specific requirements for penetration. Ring cutter soil compaction factor identified by dy, typically 0.93~0.95 either according to the provisions of the table 2-2.

Table 2-2 of the density of lime-soil quality standards

Kinds of lime soil minimum mass density (g/cm3)

1

2

3 light loam

Clay

Clay 1.55

1.50

1.45

3.10 leveling and acceptance: dust the top layer is complete, pull or on foot elevation and flatness check, super high levelled with a spade; low timely fill dirt.

3.11 rain, winter:

3.11.1 pit (Groove) or trench dirt backfill should be carried out continuously, as soon as possible. Should prevent surface water into the slot in the construction pit, so as not to collapse or damage on the base of the slope.

3.11.2 rainy day when rain or drainage measures should be taken. Has just finished playing or not yet compacted lime-soil compaction, such as being caught in the rain soaked, stagnant water and loose dirt should be removed, and to make up for a new lime-soil compacted, wet dust should be dry, dynamic compaction-compacting.

3.11.3 winter lime-soil material shall not contain blocks of frozen soil, to do with the sieve, mix with, with, with cover, seriously implement the provisions, then rub and compaction in layers. In the loose soil can be allowed to sprinkle salt. Temperature below-10 ℃, not construction. And a winter program.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.l the soil must meet the design requirements of the base.

4.1.2 dust dry soil density or penetration must meet the requirements of specification for design and construction.

4.2 Basic project

4.2.1 the ingredients right, mix evenly thickness of layered virtual shop meet the requirements, dynamic compaction-compacting, no loose skin on the surface.

4.2.2 Cha and Cha. Cha place hierarchy, the method correctly, Cha-dense and smooth.

4.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 2-3.

Lime soil Foundation tolerance table 2-3

Project tolerance (mm) test method

1

2 top level

Surface flatness of ± 15

15 level or cable and check

2m on foot and wedged feeler Gage check

5 finished product protection

5.1 construction should pay attention to properly protect the spud, axis and displacement for preventing collisions and should be repeated frequently.

5.2 Foundation, foundation walls and underground waterproofing layer, protective layer, and reached through the foundation wall of the pipeline shall be protected to prevent collisions when the backfill dirt or damage.

5.3 night-time construction, should arrange the construction sequence, be equipped with adequate lighting facilities, preventing the filling thick or mix errors.

5.4 grey soil after the time of basic construction and floor construction or temporary cover, preventing the sprinkling rain.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 is not required for the determination of dry soil mass density: lime-soil backfill during construction, remember that each layer of lime-soil compacted after determining dry mass density, meets those requirements, to top of the casting dust. And included in the test report, indicating the species, soil mix, testing dates, number of layers (steps), conclusions, test signature, and so on. Density meets the design requirements of the position at the end, should have the treatment and re-inspection result.

6.2 to reserve, answered Cha does not meet the requirements: lime soil construction in strict implementation of the provisions of the Cha. When lime-soil Foundation level is not at the same time, shall be made in step, upper and lower dust Cha distance shall not be less than 500mm. Cha Cha should be vertically aligned.

6.3 lime block curing bad: carefully sift grain too large, causing particles water cure volume expansion, will transform the upper layer, base arch cracked. Consolidation will seriously Hydrated lime, the screening requirements.

6.4 dust mixture ratio is not accurate: no seriously standard bucket and Hydrated lime for soil, or to spend lime powder sprinkled on the soil surface, mixing is not uniform, the result will be inconsistent lime soil base hard and soft, dry soil density difference too much. Should do a measurement.

6.5 dirt surface too large, resulting in concrete layer is too thick or too thin on the ground, causing ground cracking and hollowing. Carefully check the dirt surface elevation and flatness.

6.6 rain, winter can't do dirt work, with due regard to modify the design. You should make good rainy season, the winter programme; construction construction plan in the technical measures to prevent lime-soil quality rework accidents such as blisters, frost heave.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records;

7.1 the construction engineering geology investigation report of construction sites within the region.

7.2 ground rod sounding record.

7.3 ground covert acceptance record.

7.4 lime-soil test report.

Steel manual metal arc welding

1 scope

This technology is applicable to general industry and civil engineering in the manufacture and installation of manual metal arc welding of steel structure engineering.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1 electrode: the mode according to the design requirements, must have the certificate of quality. After baking before brazing as required. Prohibited the use of coating loss, cores rusty electrode. Designs provided, timely E43 series carbon steel welded Q235 steel welding rod welded 16Mn steel up E50 series low-alloy structural steel welding rod welding important structures for the times using the low hydrogen type electrode (basic electrodes). According to the manufacturer's instructions after baking, into the cooler, ad-taking. Alkaline and acid electrodes the electrode mixed use is not allowed.

2.1.2 arc: arc-Groove connection required, arc Groove configuration and material should be identical to the weld.

2.1.3 equipment: welding machine (AC and DC), welding wire, welding gun, mask, hammers, electrode oven, welding rods, wire brushes, asbestos insulation barrel, temperature sensors, etc.

2.2 operating conditions

2.2.1 familiar with the drawings, welding technology gives the low-down.

2.2.2 welding welder certificate should be checked before expiry, should demonstrate that the welder can bear the welding work.

2.2.3 power supply should meet the electricity requirements for welding on site.

2.2.4 environmental temperature below 0 ° c, Preheat, thermal temperature should be determined according to the test.

3 operational processes

3.1 process

Ready → arc welding (welding, welding, welding, Heng Yang-welding) → weld inspection

3.2 electric arc welding of steel structure:

3.2.1 flat welding

3.2.1.1 selecting appropriate welding electrode diameter welding current, welding, arc length, and so on, by welding procedure test.

3.2.1.2 clean up welding: welding, Assembly clearance check Groove whether it meets the requirements, solid welding, without oil, rust around the weld.

3.2.1.3 baking temperature of welding electrodes shall be in conformity with the provisions and time, remove the electrodes from the oven, placed within the electrode insulation barrel, ad-taking.

3.2.1.4 welding current: according to the thickness of weld, welding, welding type, diameter, welder's proficiency and other factors, appropriate choice of welding current.

3.2.1.5 arc: Arc Weld fillet weld ends, should be greater than 10MM, we should not make any arc, immediately after ignition arc welding rods away from the weld zone, arcing 2~4mm gap between electrodes and component. Docking weld and the docking and angle received combination weld, in weld ends set introduction arc Board and leads Board, must in introduction arc Board Shang introduction arc Hou again welding to weld district, Midway joint is should in weld joint ahead 15~20mm at sparking introduction arc, will welding pieces Preheat Hou again will electrode returned to weld starting at, put melt pool fill to requirements of thickness Hou, party can forward Shi welding.

3.2.1.6 welding speed: the speed requirement welding to ensure uniform thickness, width of weld from the mask in molten pool of molten iron and slag equidistant (2~3mm).

3.2.1.7 welding arc length: depending on the electrode type and determine, generally require a constant arc length, and acid electrodes are generally 3~4mm, basic electrode is generally 2~3mm.

3.2.1.8 welding angle: according to two welding pieces of thickness determine, welding angle has two Hooke′s joints surface, a is electrode and welding forward direction of angle for 60~75 °; II is electrode and welding around angle has two species situation, dang welding pieces thickness equal Shi, electrode and welding pieces angle are for 45 °; Dang welding pieces thickness ranging Shi, electrode and more thick welding pieces side angle should is greater than electrode and more thin welding pieces side angle.

3.2.1.9 arc: each seam welded to the end of the crater should be full, towards the direction of welding with arc in the opposite direction, the crater left in the weld case crater eat. Welding and ARC cutting resection should be used, and flat grinding, no hammer down.

3.2.1.10 cleaning: after the whole weld out clear the slag, welders self test (including appearance and dimension, and so on) without problems, before relocation to continue welding.

3.2.2 welding: basic operating processes and welding the same, but should pay attention to the following issues:

3.2.2.1 in the same condition, than flat welding current welding power supply 10%~15%.

3.2.2.2 using short-arc welding, arc length is generally 2~3mm.

3.2.2.3 electrode angle according to the weld thickness. Two pieces of equal thickness, welding rods and electrodes around angles to 45 °; when two unequal thickness, welding rods and thick weld one side of the angle should be greater than the thinner side of the angle. Welding rod should be vertical planes formed 60 ° ~80 ° angle, arc slightly upward, towards bath Center.

3.2.2.4 arc: when welded to the end of the line arc method fill crater, Central stop ARC ARC moved to the weld pool. Is prohibited to crater and swing to one side. In order to prevent the bites of meat, lower electrode arc transform angle perpendicular to the electrode and weld or arc blow slightly downward.

3.2.3 cross weld: same as the flat welding, welding current adjustment of welding current 10%~15% arc long 2~4mm. Electrode angle of horizontal position welding electrode should be downward-sloping angle of 70 ° ~80 ° to prevent drop of molten iron. According to the thickness of two different angle could adjust electrode, welding electrodes and welding direction was 70 ° ~90 °.

3.2.4 overhead welding: cross basic welding, welding the same angle between the electrode and weld, and weld thickness, welding electrodes and welding direction into a 70 ° ~80 ° angle, suitable for low current, short-arc welding.

3.3 welding of low temperature in winter:

3.3.1 in the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃ when arc welding conditions, in addition to complying with relevant provisions of normal temperature welding, you should adjust the welding parameters, the weld seam and heat-affected zone of slow cooling. Wind turbines more than 4 levels, measures should be taken from the wind; not cooling after welding joints, encountered snow and ice should be avoided.

3.3.2 to prevent weld cracking of steel structures, Preheat and Preheat to control temperature. When the place of work when the temperature is below 0 c should be studied in order to determine the appropriate preheating, heat temperature.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project

4.1.1 welding materials should comply with the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the standards, quality certificate, and records should be checked.

4.1.2 the welder must be approved by the examination, inspection certificates of welders welding conditions and examination dates.

4.1.3 level ⅰ and ⅱ welds shall be subject to inspection and should comply with the design requirements and the provisions of the code for construction and acceptance of, check the weld inspection reports.

4.1.4 weld surface ⅰ, ⅱ degree weld shall not crack, tumor, burn, weld crater and other defects. Grade welds without surface pores, slags, arc, arc pits, cracks, defects such as bruising, and class I weld shall not undercut, joints and other defects.

4.2 Basic project

4.2.1 weld appearance weld shape uniform, weld and weld, weld and base metal between the transition smooth, clean slag and spatter.

4.2.2 surface blowhole: ⅰ, ⅱ degree weld is not allowed; ⅲ seam weld in the allowed diameter ≤ 0.4t 50mm length and 3mm holes 2; hole spacing less than 6 times times the aperture.

4.2.3 undercut: class I weld is not allowed.

Grade seam: the depth of undercut ≤ 0.05t and 0.5mm in continuous length ≤ 100mm and undercut weld length total length ≤ 10% on both sides.

Grade seam: the depth of undercut ≤ 0.lt and ≤ LMM.

Note: t-joints with thin thickness.

4.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 5-1.

Table 5-1

Tolerance (mm) test

Method of class ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ

Weld reinforcement b<20 0.5~2 0.5~2.5 0.5~3.5

1 butt welds (mm) b ≥ 20 0.5~3 0.5~3.5 0~3.5

<0.1T and <0.1T and <0.1T and welding

Less than 2.0 is not more than 2.0 are not greater than 3.0

Fillet weld size HF ≤ 6 0~+1.5 gap

2 fillet welds (mm) HF>6 0~+3

Weld reinforcement HF ≤ 6 0~+1.5 control

(Mm) HF>6 0~+3 test

3 combination welding t-joint, joints, corner joints >t/4 check

Fillet weld size lifting capacity 50T, intermediate working crane beams t-joint t/2 and Michael Jackson-10

Note: b-width, t-joints with thin thickness, HF for fillet weld size.

5 finished product protection

5.1 welding allowed to hit after hit joint, don't just finished welding the steel of watering. Low temperature slow cooling measures should be taken.

5.2 no free on material outside the weld arc.

5.3 members just before the welding and shall not move the horns and clamps to avoid causing component tolerances. Hidden parts of the weld must finish handling covert acceptance procedures, can be carried out under the covert operations.

5.4 low temperature welding no immediate cleaning, weld after cooling.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 size exceeds the allowed deviation: lack of length, width, thickness of the seam, centerline offset bending deviation, should strictly control the relative position of welds, qualified before welding, welding careful operation.

6.2 weld cracking: in order to prevent cracks, you should select a suitable welding parameters and welding procedures, avoid high amperage, not stalling, weld joints should be taking 10~15mm, wood allows moving, percussion welding in the welding.

6.3 surface porosity: the electrode according to the required temperature and time to bake, welding area must be cleared, select the appropriate welding current during welding, reduced speeds, the escape of gas in molten pool full.

6.4 weld slag: multi-layer welding slag should be layers clean up operation times right, arc length is appropriate. Note the slag flow direction, when adopting a basic electrodes, keep slag in slag on the back.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 welding materials quality certificate.

7.2 certification of welders and a serial number.

7.3 the welding procedure test report.

7.4 welding quality inspection reports and inspection reports.

7.5 design changes, record of negotiation.

7.6 conceal engineering acceptance record.

7.7 other technical documents.