Insulation of pipe and components technology

1 scope

This technology is applicable for industrial and civil construction, ventilation, air conditioning system and air cleaning systems, industrial plants in general air duct insulation, ventilation system works.

2 construction preparation

Requirements 2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1 the thermal insulation material used to have a factory certificate and with the relevant authorities of certification and related legal proof of the detection unit.

2.1.2 use of insulating material shall conform to the design parameters of air-conditioning requirements and fire code requirements, as follows:

L. design parameters: coefficient of thermal conductivity for 0.022~0.047W/m · K, (glass wool or felt)

Thermal conductivity for 0.042~0.064W/m · K (rock wool or felt)

2. flammability: non-combustible or flame retardant.

2.1.3 there are generally two types of commonly used insulation materials:

1. fiber-like: rock wool, aluminium foil rock wool Board, Superfine glass wool blanket, aluminum foil glass wool board.

2. porous: self-extinguishing polystyrene foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam insulation.

2.1.4 insulation subsidiary materials: glass fiber cloth, fire retardant paint, adhesive, metal, heat preservation nails, should comply with the design requirements and related regulations.

2.1.5 circular saws or slab saws, hand saws, holding the knife, steel ruler, package box feet, hair brush, pliers, etc.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 field civil engineering structures have been completed, without massive construction of water occurs.

2.2.2 wind pipe, part installation quality meets quality standards, antiseptic parts needed for a good paint job.

2.2.3 insulation works or outdoor construction freeze in winter and rain protection measures.

2.2.4 wind pipe, components and equipment insulation engineering construction in duct system leakage test and inspection after qualifying.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Adhesive insulation internal insulation → test

Hidden check picking → → → → Pu covered with plastic insulation material polystyrene Board insulation

Insulation material unloading rock cotton insulation

→ → → Wrapped fiber glass fabric brush fire retardant coating → outdoor insulation plus metal shell testing

3.2 insulation material to be exact, cut face to flush cutting to make horizontal, vertical, patched on short big top at the ends (Figure 4-23).

3.3 bonding thermal insulation duct walls before nailing on the dust, wipe oil, apply adhesive respectively in the pipe wall and insulation bonding surface of the nail, glue it again at a later time.

3.4 rectangular air pipe and equipment insulation nail density should be uniformly distributed, bottom surface of not less than 16 per square metre, laterally not less than 10, the top surface of not less than 6. Insulation nail glue should be 12~24h after after then covered with insulation material.

3.5 insulation materials cover longitudinal and transverse joints should be staggered (Figure 4-24).

Small pieces of insulation material should be paved covered in horizontal plane.

Rock wool insulation between each take the figure 4-25 approach head.

3.6 types of insulation material practices:

3.6.1 internal insulation. Cotton insulation materials such as rocks, and post-should apply on the flange insulation material section fixing glue, prevent fibers from being blown up. Rock wool should be coated with a coating on the inner surface.

3.6.2 polystyrene Board insulation. Once polystyrene banpu, put iron short angle in the corners, and then with a thin steel band for hoop, packing clamp clamp. Steel clamps every 500mm together (Figure 4-26).

3.6.3 rock cotton insulation. Exposed pipe insulation should be added at the corner bar iron bag corner, wrapped with glass cloth.

3.7 wrapped glass fiber cloth. Twists make it overlap each other, so that the insulation material appearance form two layers of glass cloth winding

(Figure 4-27).

Glass fiber cloth head to clamp firmly or glue stick.

3.8 glass fiber cloth brush two fire-retardant coating on the outer surface, coating should be tight uniform.

3.9 outdoor Lomond duct insulation should also be coupled with a layer of metal shell, shell at the overlap between the rivet fixed seam sealed with PuTTY.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 the insulation materials, specifications and fire resistance design and fire protection requirements must be met. Electric heaters and 800mm range of duct insulation with non-burning materials. To examine certificates of material or combustion.

Inspection method: observation of check and check the material certificate or a test.

4.1.2 air ducts and air conditioning equipment, as well as condensate parts produced, must be well insulated, tight and seamless.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 the use of bonding materials of insulation shall comply with the following requirements:

Paste a solid, filled full, dense seam adhesive materials, seams even tidy, neat, vertical joints staggered.

Inspection method: observation and hand check.

4.2. the 2-volume, bulk insulation material should be close to surface, solid bandage, elastic moderation, bulk material not exposed, the surface smooth.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.2.3 glass fiber cloth, plastic protective layer elastic moderate, lap width of uniform, smooth appearance.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.2.4 thin sheet metal cover should be set Parallel to the flow direction, width, and interfaces, and fixation, lap width of uniform appearance.

Inspection method: observation and standard checks.

After 4.2.5 insulation valve, open and close tags to clear, clear, beautiful, easy to operate.

Inspection method: Visual check.

4.3 allowable deviation:

Evenness of insulation, insulation thickness tolerances and inspection methods are given in table 4-26.

Flatness, thickness of insulation for thermal insulation layer method for the determination of tolerances and table 4-26

Project tolerance (mm) test method

Insulation surface flatness of coil or plate 5 1M ruler and the wedge-shaped feeler Gage check

Bulk material or soft materials 10

+0.10δ

-0.05 δ steel needles into the insulating layer and the standard checks

Note: δ for the thickness of insulation layer.

5 finished product protection

5.1 thermal insulation material stacked on site must have waterproofing measures, as far as possible be kept in warehouses or in aerial and ground covered with a waterproof material.

5.2 galvanized iron wire, glass fibre cloth, insulation nails and insulation adhesive material should be kept in a warehouse in the custody.

5.3 insulation material should be fair use, try to save material, call it is not exhausted when material should be brought back to custody or piled up without affecting the construction place, against loss and damage.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 thermal insulation quality problems should be paid attention to in the process are shown in table 4-27.

Insulation quality problems should be paid attention to in the process table 4-27

Serial number control measures for common quality problems

1 insulation nail adhesive is not strong, resulting in heat preservation material shedding strictly according to technological requirements, operation, avoid the bump

2

Insulation insulation material appearance beauty crop to be exact, corner to add iron leather corner, glass cloth winding tension should be appropriate

3 glass of silk loosely woven glass fabric head to jail or glued

4 system insulation missing cover valve parts and connected with the end device parts are rigid insulation

7 quality records

7.1 project impression quality assessment form.

7.2 wind pipe and equipment insulation engineering quality inspection and evaluation form.

7.3 intermediate inspection records.

7.4 cover engineering and inspection record.

7.5 out of checking and cross-checking records.

7.6 Division engineering acceptance record.

Underground synthetic polymer (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber waterproofing construction technology

1 scope

This technology is applicable for industrial and civil construction underground polymer EPDM waterproofing membrane underground waterproofing layer paving construction.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and requirements:

2.1.13 EPDM waterproofing membrane:

2.1.1.1 specifications: thickness 1.2mm,1.5mm; width: 1.0M; 20.0M.

2.1.1.2 main technical properties: tensile strength ≥ 7MPa; elongation > 450%; low temperature embrittlement temperature-40 ℃ below; watertightness (MPaxmin) >0.3x30.

2.1.2 end of polyurethane rubber used as primary treatment agent (the equivalent of brushing cold oil), the material is divided into two groups, as Brown colloid, b for black gel.

2.1.3 CX-404: used for coil with the base paste is yellow cloudy gel.

2.1.4 butyl adhesive: used to roll joints, points a and b groups, group a for yellow and turbid colloidal, b had a black gel. When in use by the 1:1 mixing.

2.1.5 polyurethane coating material: used for added to seal the seams, material divided into two groups, group a Brown colloid, group b black gel.

2.1.6 polyurethane caulk used to roll your head sealed.

2.1.7 other materials:

2.1.7.1 xylene: scrubbing tool used for dipping.

2.1.7.2 ethyl acetate: for washing hands.

2.2 major appliances:

2.2.1 base treatment equipment: high voltage hair dryers, flat spade, wire brushes, brooms.

2.2.2 material containers: drums.

2.2.3 line equipment: scale, small line, color chalk bag.

2.2.4 cutting roll material: a pair of scissors.

2.2.5 brushing tools: scroll brushes, brush, roller, scraper.

2.3 operating conditions:

2.3.1 in high groundwater conditions spread before pasting the waterproofing layer should be lowering of ground water level, good drainage, reduce groundwater from the waterproof layer bottom level 300mm, and to protect the waterproof layer construction finished.

2.3.2 tile surface should be flat and smooth waterproof layer of grass-roots, the grass-roots level must be foreign body, sand bumps clean dust and other debris, without hollowing sugaring, peeling, cracking and other defects.

2.3.3 primary should be kept dry, the moisture content should be less than 9%, corners should be rounded arc of yin and Yang.

2.3.4 waterproofing materials used are flammable materials, storage and operation should be cut off from the source of fire, fire prevention work.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Grass-roots cleanup → polyurethane coat of polyurethane adhesive preparation → primer → special parts add (additional) →

Sheet paste surface coating surface coating of grass-roots → tiling waterproofing roll-roofing

Protective layer

3.2 basic cleanup: unqualified acceptance of the base before construction debris, dust clean.

3.3 polyurethane adhesive preparation: polyurethane material: ethyl =1:3 (weight ratio) percentage of match, mixing evenly coat construction.

3.4 coat of polyurethane adhesive: prior to the construction of large area coating, Yin Kok, onion and other complex parts even brushing it again then use a long order large brush brush, brush the adhesive thickness uniform, not threadbare. Brushing adhesive 4H dry, when you touch the non-stick, can be carried out the next working procedure.

3.5 special added to site:

3.5.1 supplements coating: polyurethane coating waterproofing material divided into two components, a: b =1:1.5 to weight ratio combined with mix, onion in the floors, walls, expansion joints, corner of yin and Yang, even brushing a layer of polyurethane coating, as additional layer of waterproof weak parts, coating curing immediately after the next process.

3.5.2 additional construction: design requirements of special parts, such as yin and Yang angle, tube, use EPDM membrane paving layer.

3.6 paving EPDM waterproofing layer

3.6.1 before paving at the grassroots on the FT line, as criteria for master tile line, make it lay flat.

3.6. Paste the 2 coil coating: coil spread on a clean base, with long brush roll CX-404 evenly, should stay out of the overlapped parts glue. Basic drying drying glue to glue sticky hands.

3.6.3 primary surface coating: Primer dried, cleaned primary surface, uniform with long brush roll CX-404 brushing, brushing should not be too large, then drying glue.

3.6.4 volume material paste: in grass-roots surface and the volume material paste surface has brushing good CX-404 rubber of premise Xia, will volume material with φ 30mm, and long 1.5M of Center rod (round wood, and or plastic pipe) volume good, by two people lift to laying end head, note with line control, location to right, bond fixed end head, then along play good of standard line to another end Pu posted, operation Shi volume material don't pulled too tight, and note direction along standard line for, to guarantee volume material take received width.

3.6.4.1 coil must not be in corner joint of yin and Yang, the joints should be staggered.

3.6.4.2 operation exhaust: each spread a sheet should immediately with a clean brush horizontal force starting from one end of the coil rolling again in order to air out.

3.6.4.3 rolling: excluding air, in order for the coil bonding, rubber-coated iron roller rolling again.

3.6.4.4 joint processing: volume material take received of long side and end head of short side 100mm range, with butyl adhesive bond; will methyl, and b group copies material, by 1:1 weight than tie mixing uniform, with hair brush dipped butyl adhesive, coated Yu take received volume material of two a surface, stay its dry 15~30min can for pressure collection, extrusion air, no has wrinkle folding, then with iron roll rolling a again

Intercepting coil overlapping three-tier parts must be sealed with polyurethane caulk to fill properly.

3.6.4.5 received treatment: waterproof polyurethane caulking around, and brush on a layer of polyurethane coating.

3.7 protection layer: waterproof layer finished, according to the design requirements to cover general plane for cement mortar, or fine-stone concrete cover; elevation for a masonry wall or cement mortar layer, waterproof the outside protective layer can be affixed with a certain thickness of the plate.

Mortar layer when roll-roofing tile, surface brushing polyurethane coated thin sub ballast, to facilitate the protection mortar adhesive.

Waterproof layer construction shall not be carried out in rain, wind, weather, construction environment temperature shall not be less than 5.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 membrane and materials must comply with the design and specification for construction and acceptance of rules. Check technical performance indicators for information on product certification, testing, field sampling test.

4.1.2 waterproofing layers and deformation joints, special parts of onion embedded detail practice shall be subject to acceptance, to comply with the design requirements and specification for construction and acceptance of rules.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 grass-roots of the waterproofing layer should be solid. Flat, corners are rounded or obtuse angle between yin and Yang, surface clean uniform coat of primer, no missing coating, and through. Check cover engineering acceptance record.

4.2.2 waterproofing layer paving construction lap, received head and paste firmly tight and no damage, defects such as hollow.

4.2.3 protective layer of waterproofing layer should comply with the design requirements of the practice.

5 finished product protection

5.1 laying good volume material waterproof layer, strengthened protection measures, guarantees from management are not damaged.

5.2 onion through the walls, not collision modification in the construction.

5.3 waterproof layer construction complete, timely protection layer, protective walls.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 joint at volume material take received bad: joint take received form and long side, and short side of take received width partial small, joint at of bond not dense, and empty drum, and received Cha damaged; operation should by program, and play standard line, makes and volume material specifications match, construction in the align line Pu posted, makes volume material take received long side not is less than 100mm, short side not is less than 150mm.

6.2 empty drums to pave and stick coil primary wet, uneven, not clean, primary and coil into empty drum roll laying air exclusion is not completely, or hollow between the coils. Pay attention to the construction of the base should be fully dry, coil layer cannot nest to live air.

When the wind is not suitable for construction, cold glue sticky sand and dust caused by the empty drum.

6.3 at the root of poor waterproofing paste: in this operation, clean carefully with the construction should be clean, paving coil without mouth, Homburg, wrinkles and so on.

6.4 water leakage in the corner: the corner of unwieldy, large. Cha place construction note, protect Cha coil, so lap meets specified width.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 waterproofing product certification, field sampling of the second interview information.

7.2 product certification, use of cement materials Proportioning material.

7.3 hidden project check and acceptance and quality inspection and evaluation of information.

Medium block, construction technology

1 scope

This technology is applicable to industrial and civil building medium-block wall masonry works.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and requirements:

2.1.1 block:

2.1.1.1 Portland fly-ash dense medium blocks:

Specifications: length (mm): 1180, 880, 580, 430

Height (mm): 380

Width (mm): 240, 200, 190, 180,

Technical performance: MU10 and MU15 strength grade, as shown in table 6-4.

The technical performance of fly ash block table 6-4

MU10 MU15

Compressive strength of cubic specimens (N/mm2) three specimens average not less than 10,

A minimum of not less than average not less than 15 of 83 specimens,

A minimum of not less than 12

2 artificial carbonation strength (N/mm2) not less than 6 not less than 9

3 drying shrinkage value (mm/m) is not more than 1

4 density (kg/m3) 1500 (no greater than the density of product design)

Frost resistance of 5 strength loss rate is less than 25%, the appearance of no obvious loose, flaking or cracking

2.1.1.2 hollow concrete medium-block:

Specifications: length (mm): 1770~485, and 2130~630, and 1185~285

Height (mm): 790 845 785

Thickness (mm): 200, 180, 200

Hollow concrete medium block sizes, dimensions and hole, hollow rate shall meet the design strength and thermal requirements, its structural parameters is shown in table 6-5.

Constructed of hollow concrete medium block specifications 6-5

Pass

Single hole single row of circular holes multi-row

1 hollow rate (%) 50~60 40~50 35~45

2 wall thickness δ (mm) 25~35 25~30 25~35

3-rib distance h (mm) 10 d + δ ~12 δ (30~40)

Technical performance: MU10, MU15, MU20 MU25 strength grade; see table 6-6.

Hollow concrete medium block properties table 6-6

Heading indicator

1 density (kg/m3) 950~1080

2 sound insulation (dB) 41

3 thermal performance meets the design requirements

4 compressive strength level to meet the design requirements

2.1.1.3 aerated concrete block:

Specifications: length (mm): 600

Height (mm): 200, 250, 300

Thickness (mm): 100, 150, 200, 250

Technical characteristics: density is divided into 500, 600, 700kg/M3 three-level technically, it can be seen in table 6-7.

Table 6-7 of the properties of aerated concrete block

Indicator

500 600 700

1 density (dry conditions) (kg/m3) 500 ± 50 600 ± 50 700 ± 50

2 compressive strength (N/mm2) ≥ 2.7 ≥ 4.0 ≥ 4.7

Drying shrinkage temperature 20 ± 1 ° c

41%~45% measured under the conditions of relative humidity ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5

(mm/m)

Temperature 20 ± 1 ° c

41%~45% measured under the conditions of relative humidity ≤ 0.8 ≤ 0.8 ≤ 0.8

Frost resistance

(Freeze-thaw after 15) weight loss (%)

Strength loss (%) ≤ 0.5

≤ 20 ≤ 0.5

≤ 20 ≤ 0.5

≤ 20

2.1.1.4 waste slag concrete hollow a medium block, specifications in the table 6-8.

Table 6-8

Variety structure dimensions (mm)

Length height depth

1 coal stone hollow block 1185~285 880~385 200

2 fly ash hollow block 1170~170 610~380 240~200

Boiling slag hollow blocks 1180~280 3 880 200

Technical performance: coal slag concrete hollow medium block to dry-stone, and fluidized furnace slag as raw materials production with fly ash block, its performance is shown in table 6-9

Technical performance of slag concrete hollow medium block table 6-9

Category index

Project dry stone block with fly ash block coal fluidized furnace slag block

1 material strength (N/mm2) 15~27 15

2 strength (N/mm2) 6.8~10.9 MU5 MU5.5~7.0

3 density (dry conditions) (kg/m3) 1100~1350 1100

4 artificial carbonation coefficient 0.72~0.93 0.65

5 values (mm/m) 0.32~0.37

6 of frost resistance (strength) (%) 8~9

7 thermal conductivity (w/m • k) 0.94~1.12 0.66

2.1.1.5 other block: seismic special-shaped hollow blocks, gypsum block, haydite concrete blocks, the block should be selected according to the design requirements of qualified products.

2.1.2 masonry mortar: mostly sand, lime, cement, plaster, additives and other materials in the preparation of mortar.

2.2 the main tools:

2.2.1 machinery: tower cranes, hoists, and Derricks, cutting machine.

2.2.2 tools: fixtures, hand saw, the ash bucket, basket, small shovel, crowbar, hands for years.

2.3 operating conditions:

2.3.1 medium block masonry construction, should be combined with masonry and masonry features, design drawings and site specific conditions, preparation of the construction programme, ready for construction machines, construction layout, divide the construction section, arranged for streamlined construction, operation construction of cross connection.

2.3.2 medium block masonry construction, must finish works through hidden detection pre-screening procedures.

2.3.3 good masonry wall body line of position, location of doors and Windows such as line, experienced line in accordance with design drawings, pre-screening qualified.

2.3.4 building operation requires, and find the height laid the ruler bar.

2.3.5 putting up good operating and unloading shelves.

2.3.6 the preparation of shaped blocks (with wood cut), determined by the test of mortar mix, ready to die.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Wall wire

Preparation of Pu mortar, mortar block arranged → → → → block in place → calibration →

Water block

Sand building inlaid → → vertical filling mortar joints

3.2 wall wire: masonry construction, Foundation or floor surface should be leveling according to elevation, by laying out the first block of the axis, a masonry line and opening lines.

3.3 block arrangement: arranged in a block diagram in the wall line within the block length, line. Arrange blocks of method and requirements are as follows:

3.3.1 masonry in front of the building, should be based on engineering design and construction, combined with concrete block masonry block in the drawing of the varieties, specifications, layout and inerrant, arranged according to the diagram block.

3.3.2 blocks arranged from the Foundation or base surface, ± 0.00 arranged, arranged as far as possible the main specifications of block masonry master specification block should be accounted for in 75%~80%.

3.3.3 block arrangement, the skin should be staggered and slung masonry, and masonry typically block 1/2 in length shall be not less than block high 1/3, should not be less than 150mm, if you are on the wrong stitch length can not meet the requirements of set requirements, pressure built steel bar mesh measure should be taken, constructed according to the design requirements.

3.3.4 rotation angle and the longitudinal and lateral walls of the outer wall junction, blocks should be bite Cha, staggered up build, if you can't bite Cha when, according to the design requirements of other structural measures vertical masonry seams and jambs edges should be avoided with joint and built brick setting can not be used.

3.3.5 masonry thickness of horizontal mortar joint is generally 15mm, if the masonry reinforcement mesh, 20~25mm horizontal mortar joint thickness and vertical mortar joint width of 20mm. Vertical joints greater than 30mm, C20 of fine stone concrete-filled reality.

3.3.6 block arranged as far as possible not bricks or small inlaid bricks must be inserted when brick, brick masonry, and spread, with brick masonry strength should not be smaller than the block strength.

3.3.7 block wall with structural elements when there is a conflict, you should meet the component layout.

3.4 preparation mortar: mortar variety, according to the design strength of preparation mortar, mix ratio should be determined by the laboratory, used to weight ratio, measuring accuracy ± 2% for cement, sand, gypsum mortar control within ± 5%, mechanical mixing and mixing time of not less than 1.5min.

3.5 Pu mortar: mixing mortar, by skip, grey cars shipped to the building site, in front of the block is in place, with a big shovel, ash scoop of blocks spread ash, smaller block size large Pu grey length must not exceed 1500mm.

3.6 blocks in place and more are: block, watering should be made the day before humid, sweep away the dust, clear blocks debris on the surface of the rear suspension, shipped in place. After laying in place should be far, first on the lower rear, exterior; at the beginning of each layer, starting at the corner blocks or positioning; crane masonry skin, correct skin, Pi Pila control elevation of masonry and wall flatness.

Block installations, lifting block bias should be avoided, so that the bottom surface of the block level to fall in place by human hand control, alignment position, falling slowly through micro-small pry bar to pry, holding Board hanging straight, nuclear is so far.

3.7 building inlaid: made from ordinary clay bricks set built around a brick, you must choose not transverse the entire brick and tile inlay puzzle, you may not use half a brick.

3.8 vertical filling mortar: each building block, in place after the correction, filling Vertical joints with mortar, followed by joint seam (puree jointing), depth of General 3~5mm.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 using medium-block and raw material, its technical performance and strength, must comply with the design requirements and factory certification, pilot projects must comply with the criteria laid down.

4.1.2 mortar variety, strength class must meet the design requirements, in accordance with the regulations making blocks, pressure strength shall not be less than the design strength.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 masonry joints shall comply with provisions should not appear vertical seams, seam dimensions shall meet the requirements of this standard.

4.2.2 the corner, junction must be masonry, must remain oblique Cha Cha should stay; joint uniform.

4.2.3 mortar should be dense, block Ying Pingshun, should not appear broken Cha, loose.

4.2.4 steel tie bar, steel mesh size, number, spacing, position, length, the design requirements.

4.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 6-10.

Medium block masonry tolerance table 6-10

Tolerance (mm) method

1 axis 10-theodolite, level checking and check construction records.

2 the Foundation or floor elevation ± 15 theodolite, level checking and check construction records.

Checked every floor: 5 hanging

10m 10 vertical 3 theodolite or wait for check

10m 20

4 flat surface 10 2m ruler and the feeler Gage check

Dry wall 7 10m long cable and check

Horizontal mortar joints straight mixed with water wall 10

6 horizontal mortar joint thickness +10,-5-foot check

7 vertical slit width +10,-5-foot check

8 width of jambs (post box) +10,-5-foot check

9 drywall joints 2.0 wait and check

5 finished product protection

5.1 when the first door and window frames, protected during the building process of the Covenant box; when the loading door and window frames, attention should be fixed box buried firmly, not damaged, not make it loose.

5.2 device slots on the masonry to reserve, buried due to leakage or when not reserved, measures should be taken, not because of tick cut and damaged the integrity of the masonry.

5.3 should be timely clear floor mortar masonry construction.

5.4 demolition when the shelves to protect the wall and door and window a quarrel.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 masonry adhesive is not strong: due to block water, clean up bad, block paving mortar at a time when the area is too large, correction is not timely; block masonry used in the previous day, watering should be fully wet, with the lifting with masonry surfaces cleaned; block in place should be corrected in a timely manner, followed with mortar (or fine concrete) irrigation and vertical seams.

6.2 the first block bottom uneven thickness of mortar: because the basement is not beforehand using fine stone concrete leveling height will cause masonry mortar joint thickness, should pay attention to building the base leveling.

6.3 Rachel steel or masonry reinforcement meshes do not meet design requirements: according to the design and specification of requirements, setting up Rachel and Rachel steel and masonry reinforcement mesh.

6.4 masonry joints design and does not meet the norms: groups are not arranged in a block puzzle construction. Attention to the specification and correct set of masonry block.

6.5 masonry deviation ultra provides controlled every block height is not accurate. Should strictly follow the flag pole height controls, master Pu grey thickness.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 block, raw materials, the factory certificate.

7.2 construction test report.

7.3 the construction set of Jigsaw data.

7.4 quality inspection and assessment of information.

Oil-paper insulated cable 10 (6) kV joint production process

1 scope

This technology is applicable to general industrial and civil building electrical installation engineering 10 (6) kV oil-paper insulated cable connector card.

2 construction preparation

2.1 equipment and materials requirements:

2.1.1 cable connector housing must be sealed well, no impurity and sand holes, inner wall is smooth, clean, model specifications must meet the design requirements. Lead casing with pure lead content of not less than 99.9%, and able to withstand 25 standard atmospheric pressure test.

2.1.2 insulation materials must conform to the voltage level and should have test data and factory certificate (form 2-6).

2.1.3 cable compound applied styling products, factory and chemical and electrical performance test certificate.

2.2 the main tools:

2.2.1 production machinery: Windbreak fences (open operations), plastic sheeting, oil pressure wiring pliers, blowtorches, iron pot, enamel plates, aluminum pots, aluminum pots, aluminum spoons, funnels, colanders, scissors, gloves, hacksaw, file.

2.2.2 testing tool: insulating shake table, steel ruler, thermometer and test instruments, and so on.

2.3 operating conditions:

2.3.1 an outdoor cable head should choose a sunny windless weather construction, therefore before making wires should pay attention to local weather forecast, its environmental temperature + 5 ° c or more. Humidity should not be greater than 70%.

2.3.2 making cable connectors around the construction site shall be kept clean and dry. Good Windbreak fence on all sides.

2.3.3 cable production should be operated by specially trained qualified personnel.

2.3.4 construction site should meet the prescribed safety, fire, flammable for safe keeping.

2.3.5 construction site should be equipped with 220V power supply and safe power supply.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Construction preparation – shake test of equipment point checking and calibration → dimensions-tidal stripping cable insulation and cable cover →

Lead casing into dismantling the tripod and exclude moisture → → → wrapped insulation removed temporary gauze → sealing →

Pouring insulation adhesive cement box planted → standard → → anticorrosion and installation commissioning inspection

3.2 cable joints made according to the following procedure for, starting from strip-cut to the completed, must be carried out continuously, at once, so as not to damp.

3.3 equipment inspection and preparation:

3.3.1 opening checking and construction of joint inspection units, delivery units and construction units, and completes the record.

3.3.2 lead wire connector casing should be based on technical information or instructions, accessories and injury-free.

3.3.3 casing wall lead clean, beating with wooden clappers at one end to form the necking (shall be made into the cable slightly larger point) with a knife out of the vent and the injection hole and cover with wrap.

3.3.4 processed black insulation tape and gauze tape small volumes, soaking in a cable 150 ℃ to surge in oil (such as no cable available transformer oil to join 25%~30% Rosin with different), and then pull out, leaking oil for later use.

3.4 roll cable insulation measurement and calibration of moisture:

3.4.1 the cable head shake table 2500V opening shake test, insulation resistance after passing tide.

3.4.2 since the end of the cable the next 100mm, cables, turnkey and tear off a few of the core paper insulated, put about 150 ℃ in cable oil, such as tidal oil will be suffused with bubbles and make a hissing sound (Figure 2-19).

Another method for burning method. Will be that the tide of insulated paper in fire, such as moisture, insulation paper surface will bubble up and the hissing sound.

Such as when he found the cable insulation with moisture should be removed piece by piece, until no moisture is obtained.

3.5 determination of dimensional stripped cable cover:

3.5.1 straighten cable: cable to flat, straightened within two metres of the cable ends, clean overlap 200mm. In the Middle center line for the Joint Center. Saw blade disconnect (see Figure 2-20), and then cement protection box below the base plate in the centre line.

3.5.2 cable socket according to figure the proper dimensions. Bandwidth-two-thirds clamp-solid steel (or 2mm turns of bare copper wire lashing three), peel off layer (or sheath). Volume 50mm from the layer break and strip Kaku, used a hacksaw and close to the edge of the clamp saw a ring of dark marks and a depth not exceeding one-second of steel belt thickness, then use the screwdriver to pry the steel tip, and then clamp with pliers, tear strips, blank repairs steel burrs to make it smooth (Figure 2-21).

3.6 set into the lead casing:

3.6.1 Strip after Strip, uniform baking using a blowtorch, get rid of the lead Pack on the asphalt paper, wipe clean with a cotton-lead package. Korean paper wrapped on the cable end, and lead into the casing.

3.6.2 stripping lead. According to the dimensions shown in Figure 2-21 and stripping lead. How to: in the lead pack with electrical forces carved a ring-shaped gouges, its depth not more than half the thickness of the lead Pack. Then use the electric knife from the circular trace to the end by two parallel gouges, 10MM space between two deep scars, which will lead from the end torn off with pliers (Figure 2-21), finally, lead Strip.

3.6.3 expanded lead. Expanding lead with Shun turnkey paper-wound direction of expansion lead to lead expansion into 45-degree angle, Bell, Bell no burrs to smooth and symmetrical.

3.6.4 stripping turnkey paper trumpet turnkey insulation on the edge of a piece of paper in oil-impregnated gauze wrapped 25mm wide five-storey, the last trumpet 5mm as the temporary layer. Then strip turnkey insulation paper and packing (not to damage wire insulation paper) and cables along with the half overlap core insulation paper covered with a layer of oil-impregnated gauze, distance from end of the connecting pipe length of one-second and 5mm.

3.6.5 install triangular wooden frame. Frame outside end from Bell 110~120mm with oil-impregnated gauze tie, and then bent into a three-core work, the gap width 50mm, to bend shall not be bent hurt paper insulation (Figure 2-22).

3.6.6 proof of lead, saw alignment cable core. Expanded lead Bell to the end by PB one-second 35mm reduction of the length of the casing (welding reduction 25mm), saw off the excess wire.

3.6.7 series took over. Length measured from the end three-core connecting one-second and 10MM remove the insulation paper (last two papers use hands torn off, so as not to damage the wire), gasoline cotton wipe clean and connecting wires, wire and pipe fasten and remove burrs.

3.7 demolition triangle frame and excluded moisture demolition triangle frame and the the core line Shang of oil dip with, tore to phase color paper, with cotton dip alcohol put core line wipe NET, then with prior heating to 150 ℃ cable oil from ends asked Center for to tide processing (from cable of Commission package at to Center to tide), then in Middle head following Pu good rubber cloth.

3.8 winding insulation. In the core line Shang with oil dip black paint across with along core line insulation paper winding of direction, to half overlap method package wrapped around insulation, and package flat even took over ends of space, full length package wrapped around 3 layer, then in took over and the took over to ends extends, package thickened insulation, thickened paragraph ends should package into tapered, the Department size see table 2-7, package wrapped around Shi must layer Layer package tight Kanehira, each package three layer coated once Silicon oil.

Increased core winding insulation dimension tables 2-7

Rated voltage dimension (mm)

(kV) l l1 φ1 φ L

6/6 30 L+160 PHI +10 connection

8.7/10 45 L+240 PHI +15 pipe diameter pipe length

Note: 1. Increased core insulation around black glass paint materials using oil immersion or PCE. When using PTFE tape, additional specifications around the lead casing and the insulation thickness can be reduced.

2. the material number rated voltage 8.7/10kV, conductor cross section 120mm2 the aluminium core cable connector, for example.

3.9 remove temporary gauze, dismantle the temporary gauze on turnkey and peel off the masking paper, from expanded lead on 100mm winds 8 oil-filled black paint across the belt and crammed into bulging lead mouth enclosed Kanehira.

3.10-lead:

3.10.1 move the lead casing to the Middle, making the decision to tap both ends of the lead casing, knocking into a cone, tightly wrapped in lead casing cable lead-Pack on it. Knock hard and not too heavy, in case the lead casing split fold, not knocking injuries lead package.

3.10.2 seal. The lead casing injection holes up, using a blowtorch, baking lead casing and the lead pack with fat powder (stearic acid) to remove dirt, then seal, seal, there are two: l) drop of lead. Using a blowtorch to seal evenly coated to lead pipes and lead Pack, using a blowtorch to seal into a paste, using cloth to seal after forming, with fat powder cooling decontamination, forming beautiful, surface treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis in no light. 2) cast lead. Heat the seal into a paste, then evenly pour the lead pipe on Cone, to a certain amount, forming with a blowtorch, and other practices with drops of lead.

3.11 pouring insulation adhesive:

After appropriate heat insulation adhesive (170~180℃) by the end with glue-pouring in lead casing, filled for the first time, adding the second the temperature at 60 ℃, and gluing agent holes in the lid, seal firmly. While the second layer of the steel belt and lead package with seals, and used as a grounding. Ground wire sealing requirements are as follows: coated steel belt and lead lead up to 25mm wide and 30mm.

3.12 anticorrosion and installation of concrete protection box:

Brushing a layer of thermal insulation glue around the lead casing, then Korea wrap two layers of (tarred), brushing the outer surface layer of bituminous paint, intermediate head protection box flat on the cement with fine soil fill.

3.13 planted flags:

Middle head will be installed in trenches filled with fine soil, and then laying cement joint stakes, and out of the ground, as symbol.

3.14 try running the acceptance:

3.14.1 the first cable production has been completed, as required by the test Department pressure and test.

3.14.2 acceptance power no load operation 24 hours without exception the acceptance formalities, AC units. Submit change negotiations, product certification, technical information such as specifications, test reports, and running records.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 cable head pressure results, the leakage current and insulation resistance code requirements must be met.

4.1.2 cable head closed tight, and full, no bubbles, no oil leakage, no cracks. Cored wires tightly.

Inspection method: observation of inspection and test records.

4.2 Basic project:

Cable head good looks, smooth and wrinkle-free, glossy.

Inspection method: Visual check.

5 finished product protection

5.1 device upon opening the box, put in order in a porcelain dish, covered with white cloth, preventing debris from entering.

5.2 cable is completed, install now fill. When the delay to fill, cable head and wooden box protection to prevent smashing, touch.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 roast lead packages, torch to simmer, so as not to damage the lead Pack and paper.

6.2 cable insulating paper cannot be damaged, in particular the tripod broke off caution when bending, not too hard, wrap insulation when not moving the wires back and forth, so as not to damage the insulation paper.

6.3 when the seal, wrist to be flexible, faster, so as not to damage the lead Pack and paper insulation.

Quality of 7 records

7.1 product certificate.

7.2 cable test report form.

7.3 equipment inspection records

7.4 compound test report form.

7.5 mutual inspection records.

7.6 change record of negotiation.

Casting formwork for shear wall structure installation and removal process

1 scope

This standard is mainly used in industrial and civil construction bricks outside the outer mold, die, all in-situ shear wall structure installation and removal of the template.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1 supporting formwork: mold, die, including bolts and pads, wall bolts and casing, body bars, ladders and platforms, and so on.

2.1.2 release agent: methyl silicone and water based release agent.

2.1.3 the General should have a hammer, AX, drill drill, monkey wrench, hand saw. Spirit level, wire pendant, crowbar, lifting and rigging etc.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 the design of engineering structure template design to ensure strength, rigidity and stability.

2.2.2 floor wall elasticity and good lines, door hole location and elevation lines.

2.2.3 finished wall reinforcement, electricity boxes, embedded, embedded finished jambs, check the thickness should meet the requirements, go through acceptance of concealed work procedures.

Wanting to run pulp 2.2.4 in order to prevent large template, before you install the template better mortar screed, screed cannot extend into the walls.

2.2.5 brick internal model structure on the installation template, to clean ash composite columns on a wall at the tongue, cast in place structures for hanging out the wall shelf template action.

2.2.6 installation template before the template should be surface cleaned, brush barrier (not allowed in a template in place brush release agent to prevent pollution of interface between reinforcement and concrete, painted in uniform shall not be missed area).

3 operational processes

3.1 internal model structure installed templates:

3.1.1 technological process:

Preparations → templates → Setup → wall panel, Yasumasa catchy → template → fixed templates, an anti-pre-clearance

3.1.2 vertical wall installation order after the first wall, a water plus templates using cranes hanging in order to install in place, position line adjust the template with a crowbar by wall, symmetrical adjustment template for a pair of anchor bolts or tilt-rod bolts. Measuring vertical elevation correction with the supporting plate, squareness, level, levels of templates meet the design requirements, tighten bolts at once.

3.1.3 install siding, with baskets bolts or clamps to the upper and lower ends of Rachel fixed.

3.1.4 checked before clamping bars, utilities embedded pipe fittings, door hole template, wall bushing is missing, location is accurate, solid installation, weakening sections, clean template before, against a wall of debris.

3.1.5 installed templates, after correction of vertical, wall bolt to lock the two template.

3.1.6 the pros and cons template after installation, check the wall and die, templates and floor stairwell wall clearances must be carefully to prevent leakage, the phenomenon of dislocation. Check each wall and catchy is straight, two with fasteners or bolts templates easy to fix. Finished testing template project, and pouring concrete.

3.2 brick internal model structure installed templates:

3.2.1 the process flow:

Exterior brickwork → installation and against large templates → Setup → die pre-screening

3.2.3 installed templates, pros and cons, and die within the same.

3.2.4 concrete exterior wall intersection angle mode, to prevent a poured wall concrete, composite columns outside the brick walls of bulging should be brick walls with vertical 5cm plank and transverse reinforcement, through wall of steel in Rachel, increases wall rigidity.

3.3 all in-situ structure installed templates:

3.3.1 processes:

Preparations → → foreign shelf within an inner vertical walls, wall templates → Templates → plug templates →

An outer wall inside templates → clamping bars before an exterior side, hidden check → template → pre-screening

3.3.2 in the external wall of the lower the concrete strength of not less than 7.5MPa, use an outer wall hanging bolt holes under mounted stainless steel triangular platform.

3.3.3 Installing wall, the inner vertical walls within the templates (installation method of internal model structure and external installation).

3.3.4 in interior wall template template installation activities of the outer ends of the plug, it can be made with wooden or iron according to wall thickness, the template closely to prevent when poured wall concrete, concrete flow from the outside end of the site.

3.3.5 installed inside the wall template, press line template in place on the floor, and then install the jambs the template.

3.3.6 template before steel, utilities and other embedded pipe hidden test.

3.3.7 Installing exterior side templates, templates in a metal triangle on the platform, the template is in place, worn bolt correct, note that templates of construction joints joints must be tight, solid and reliable, and prevent dislocation and the leakage of mixture.

3.4 removing templates

3.4.l in at room temperature conditions Xia, wall body concrete strength must up 1MPa, winter period construction outside Board within die structure, and outside brick within die structure, wall body concrete strength up 4MPa only associate split die, full now poured structure outside wall concrete strength in 7.5MPa, within wall concrete strength in 5MPa only associate split die, split die Shi should to with conditions conservation try block compressive strength for associate.

3.4.2 removing templates and templates are installed in the order in reverse order, first remove split wall after Wall template template, first remove wall bolts, and then release the bolt, making the template back and wall opening. If the template does not leave with concrete wall surface adsorption or binding used crowbars to move the template out, may not be catchy to pry the wall template, or use a sledgehammer template. Should ensure that the removal does not shake when concrete walls, especially split Windows cannot use a sledgehammer when a hole template template.

3.4.3 remove all in-situ structure templates, external walls should be outside of the template, and then dismantled inside the template.

3.4.4 clear template clutter on the platform, check whether the template hook Pocket trip places, adjusting the Tower arm above the template to be removed and hoisted out the template.

3.4.5 template when hanging to the location, you must stand, at a steady angle to 75 ° ~80 °, surface cleaning, coating release agent to prevent adhesion of the mortar.

3.4.6 template should conduct regular inspection and maintenance to ensure quality.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project: template and bracket must have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability. Area of the supporting part of the bracket should be adequately supported.

4.2 basic item: out of large templates and template and die at the seams to be tight, no leakage. Template seams, seam the maximum width should not exceed the specified template contact surfaces should be cleaned with concrete. Release agent brush evenly.

4.3 allowable deviation is shown in table 4-4.

Cast templates allow deviation for shear wall structure in table 4-4

Tolerance (mm)

Multi-mode high mode

Axis displacement 5 3 feet of wall, check

Elevation ± 5 ± 5 level or cable and check

Wall section dimensions ± 2 ± 2 standard checks

2m 3 3 vertical layer of care with Board examination

Two adjacent surface height difference of 2 2 with a ruler and the ruler check

Surface roughness 2 2 2m m on foot and wedged feeler Gage check

Displacement of center line of embedded steel plates 3 3

Displacement of embedded pipe, set aside the hole Center lines of 3 3

Center line 2 2

Exposed length +10 0 +10 0

Linear displacement of the Centre of 10 10

Section size +10 0 +10 0

5 finished product protection

5.1 equipment parts keep the template itself is clean and complete, lifting to prevent collision wall, piling up reasonable, keeping no deformation of the plate surface. Winter construction of insulation on the back of the template should be kept intact.

5.2 lifting template in place to smooth, accurate, and shall not touch hit the floor and he had finished construction parts, not hanging bar. Pry the root when you adjust the template, be careful of templates the following screed of mortar.

5.3 when the template is removed according to the procedures, prohibit the use of the hammer struck to prevent concrete cracks on walls, Windows and doors at the entrance.

5.4 templates and wall surface bond, prohibit the use of tower cranes Crane die, prevent wall cracking.

5.5 concrete construction in winter to prevent freezing, when the concrete reaches standard rear stripping stripping strength, otherwise it will affect the quality of concrete.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 super thick wall: wall wire errors is too large, template in position adjustments are not serious, wall bolts do not all put together, tighten.

6.2 wall and catchy too large: die head clamp without clamping according to design requirements.

6.3 concrete wall surface adhesion: because of the bad template cleanup, uneven coating release agent, removal of mould caused by premature.

6.4 die gap is too large to run pulp with a big template: a template is assembled gap is too large, connecting fixed measures are not foolproof, should step up its inspection and deal with.

6.5 die wall depth: mold die with Recessed floor connections too much or not secure. Die methods should be improved.

6.6 door hole concrete; Assembly and door hole template and the template is fixed firmly. To portal template must be carefully designed to ensure size, ease of Assembly and disassembly.

6.7 control template upper elevations.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 templates section pre inspection records.

7.2 template project quality assessment information.