Construction Technology of

Papering construction

1 range
    The process standards for industrial and civil buildings within the wall, ceiling and other wallpaper works.
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Material requirements:
    2.1.1 gypsum, white, talc, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, carboxymethyl cellulose, 107 plastic or various types of wallpaper, adhesives and so on.
    2.1.2 Wallpaper: In order to ensure the quality of wallpaper, all kinds of wallpaper, wall covering the quality should meet the design requirements and the corresponding national standards.
    2.1.3 adhesive, caulking putty, glass mesh, etc., should be based on the actual design and grass-roots needs in advance ready. But the adhesive should meet the fire protection requirements of the building to avoid the loss of adhesion at high temperatures due to the wallpaper off the fire.
    2.2 Major equipment;
    2.2.1 Cutting table, steel ruler (1m long), wallpaper knife, towel, plastic bucket, plastic washbasin, oil workers to the board, mix putty tank, small roller, knife, brush, Cotton thread, powder line package, small white line, iron level, care board, line fall, box feet, nails, hammer, red pencil, sandpaper. Brooms, tool bags and so on.
    2.3 Operating conditions:
    2.3.1 concrete and wall plastering has been completed, and after drying, moisture content of not more than 8%; wood products shall not exceed 12%.
    2.3.2 Water and electricity and equipment, embedded in the top wall has been finished.
    2.3.3 Door and window paint has been completed.
    2.3.4 terrazzo floor room, light, waxing has been completed, and the surface layer of stone to protect the good.
    2.3.5 wall clean and clean, if uneven, missing edge angle or partial surface damage, pre-repair and should be dry, pre-cast concrete surface plaster putty ahead of schedule.
    2.3.6 Prior to the prominent parts of the wall equipment such as unloading well, until the wallpaper is pasted and then re-installed components to restore.
    2.3.7 If the grass-roots color, design selection is easy through the end of the thin wallpaper, paste the grassroots should be handled before, so that the same color.
    2.3.8 on the humidity of the room and the surface of the wall often moist, if to be done when the wall should be used waterproof wallpaper and adhesive materials.
    2.3.9 If the room is higher should be prepared in advance scaffolding, the room is not high, should be set in advance wooden stool.
    2.3.10 technical personnel on the construction of the end, should emphasize the technical measures and quality requirements. Large area construction should be preceded by a model, the quality inspection departments identified qualified before the team can organize the construction.
3 operating process
    3.1 Process flow:
    In principle, after the first paper wall mounted wall.
Grass-roots processing → hanging straight, sets of square, looking for rules, elastic line → calculation of materials, paper cutting → paste wallpaper →

Wallpaper Dressing

    3.2 Wallpaper Wallpaper:
    3.2.1 Primary treatment: clean concrete top, full of putty putty: First, the top soil of concrete ash, pulp, dirt and other clean and clean, and with a broom swept the dust, a full putty putty. The volume ratio of the putty is polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1, gypsum or talc 5,2% carboxymethyl cellulose solution 3.5. Putty after dry sanding paper, full scratch the second time putty, putty to be dry after sanding with polished, polished.
    3.2.2 hanging straight, set the square, looking for rules, playing line: first of all, the symmetry of the top center line through the hanging straight, set side, find the way to find the center line of the centerline to symmetrical control from the middle to both sides. Wall top junction processing principles: where there is hanging mirror line by hanging mirror line, no hanging mirror line according to the design requirements of elastic line.
    3.2.3 calculation of materials, cutting paper: According to design requirements to determine the direction of the paste wallpaper, and then calculate the use of materials, cutting paper. Should be set aside by the size of each side of 2 ~ 3cm margin, such as the use of plastic wallpaper, should be soaked in the sink 2 ~ 3min, took out, shake to the water, the paper with a net towel dip dry.
    3.2.4 Brushing glue, paste paper: the back of the paper and the ceiling of the paste parts of glue, wallpaper should pay attention to the width of the plastic brush, should not be too wide, paving from the middle should start to both sides of the shop stick. The first one must press the line has been playing good sticky straight, should pay attention to the paper on both sides of the throw 1 ~ 2cm is not crushed to meet with the second shop when the sticky puzzle pressure control seam requirements. And then in accordance with the law shop sticky second, two sheets of lap 1 ~ 2cm, with steel ruler than homogeneous, the two will press the tight ruler, a man with a paper cutter cut, then take the two pieces of paper Go, with the scraper with the glue to squeeze the gap compaction. Then the top of the Yin Jiao at both ends of the steel ruler than with Qi, straightened, with the scraper and roller compaction, and finally with a wet towel to the seams roll out the rubber marks wipe clean, in turn.
    3.2.5 finishing: wallpaper paste, you should check whether there is empty drums of the Department, then cha is smooth, with or without Alice phenomenon, plastic scar wipe, with or without small packets, the surface is smooth, Wipe clean, etc., until it meets the requirements so far.
    3.3 Wallpapers Wallpaper:
    3.3.1 primary treatment: If the concrete wall can be based on the quality of the original grass-roots quality, clean the wall in the full scraping l ~ 2 gypsum putty, dried with sandpaper polished, polished; Gypsum board wall with caulking putty will sew plugging real plugging, paste glass mesh or silk, silk and so on, can not be broken, And then localized putty putty.
    3.3.2 hanging vertical, set the square, looking for rules, playing line: First, the room should be four corners of the yin and yang angle by hanging vertical, sleeve, looking for rules, and determine from which Yinjiao start in accordance with the size of the wall piece block wire control (Customary practice is to enter the door to the left corner of the beginning of the first pavement hanging. A hanging mirror line by hanging mirror line, no hanging mirror line according to the design requirements of spring line control.
    3.3.3 Calculation of materials, cutting paper: according to the amount of good wall height of about 2 ~ 3cm, according to the size of the calculation of materials, paper, cut the case in general should be cut, the paper will be cut with a wet temperature Towel wipe, the folded stand.
    3.3.4 Brush glue, paste paper: should be in the paper and the wall brush glue, the brush plastic width should be consistent, the wall should not be too wide a plastic brush. Paste paper from the corner of the wall from the beginning of the first paving, according to a good vertical line has been hanging straight, and from the top down by hand leveling, scraper scraping, and a small roller to the upper and lower Yinjia Compaction. The first stick to stay l ~ 2cm (should be turned around the corners of about 2cm), and then stick the second shop, according to the same pressure flattening, compaction, and the first one Chaya 1 ~ 2cm, from top to bottom To the seam, parquet to correct, with scraper level, with steel ruler in the first and second take a cut at the cut, the side of the paper with plastic compaction, and in time to squeeze out the glue Liquid with a warm towel to wipe, and then with the law will be connected to the top, then cut the edge of the cutting edge neatly, and with plastic compaction. In case of electric door and bolt box on the wall, the paper should be marked in its position. In the wall paper, the sun angle does not allow Cha Cha joints, Yin angle must take paper to take the seam, does not allow the whole paper Paving, to avoid hollowing and wrinkles.
    3.3.5 flower paper splicing:
    3.3.5.1 paper to fight at the junction of the flower-shaped docking to be good.
    3.3.5.2 before the shop should pay attention to flower and paper color to be consistent.
    3.3.5.3 The wall and the top of the wallpaper should be based on the design requirements of the lap, generally linked to the mirror line room should be linked to the line as the boundary line, no hanging line of the room with ball thread shall prevail.
    3.3.5.4 flower-shaped splicing If there are difficulties, the wrong Cha should try to throw to the inconspicuous Yinjiao Department, large surface should not appear Cha Cha and flower-shaped chaos phenomenon.
    3.3.6 wallpaper finishing: paste paper should be carefully checked on the Alice Qiaojiao wallpaper, bubbles, wrinkles and plastic scar without wiping, etc., should be promptly processed and trimmed to make it perfect.
    3.7 winter construction:
    3.4.1 winter construction should be carried out under the conditions of heating, indoor operating temperature should not be less than 5 ℃.
    3.4.2 do a good job closed doors and windows gap, and set up a person responsible for temperature, moisture, ventilation, to prevent cold into the cold finished products.
4 quality standards
    4.1 Warranty items:
    4.1.1 The variety, grade, performance, specification and color of the surface materials and auxiliary materials must meet the requirements of design, product technical standards and the current construction acceptance criteria, and comply with the relevant provisions on the fire protection design of interior decoration.
    Inspection method: Check the product certificate and on-site material acceptance record.
    4.1.2 wallpaper wallpaper must be firmly bonded, no hollowing, Alice edge, wrinkles and other defects.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
    4.2 Basic Items:
    4.2.1 surface smooth, no ripple. Wallpaper, wall cloth and hanging mirror line, paste the board and skirting board immediately, seamless; color consistent, no spot pollution, positive strabismus without glue marks, no significant indentation.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
    4.2.2 Each piece of splicing should be horizontal and vertical, pattern correct, patchwork at the pattern pattern match, from the wall 1m Department did not show a significant patchwork, the corona overlap at Shun Kwong, Yang angle seamless, angle Founder, the edge of neat No flash.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
    4.2.3 The paperboard, sticker board, skirting board, electrical box and other junctions should be tightly, seamless, without leakage stickers and subsidies, do not paste the removable parts to be removable, moving parts around and hanging mirror line , Paste the face plate, skirting board, etc. Edge cutting neat, straight, no edges.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
    4.2.4 Fiberglass wallpaper, non-woven cloth and brocade paper surface should be flat and graceful, parquet correct, pattern integrity, continuous symmetry, no color, no glue marks, no floating surface, latitude and longitude straight.
    Inspection methods: observation and inspection.
5 protection of finished products
    5.1 Wallpaper End of the room should be cleaned in time, not allowed to do the feed room or lounge, to avoid pollution and damage.
    5.2 During the construction of the wall paper, it is strictly forbidden for the non-operator to touch the wallpaper at will.
    5.3 Electrical and other equipment In the installation, should pay attention to the protection of wallpaper, to prevent pollution and damage.
    5.4 Paving wallpaper, must be strictly in accordance with the rules of construction, construction operations to be neat, edge to be cut neatly, plastic marks must be cleaned in time clean.
    5.5 is prohibited in a good wall paper, the top of the wall tick hole. If purely design changes, should also take appropriate measures, construction should be careful to protect, after construction to timely and serious repair, to ensure the integrity of the wallpaper.
    5.6 times repair oil, pulp live and the second stone clean wax, pay attention to the protection of wallpaper, to prevent pollution, collision and damage.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
    6.1 edge of the tilt: the main glue is less than the joints, or no local plastic brush, or side seam did not compact, dry after Alice edge, Alice seam and so on. Found that the pressure should be a good brush roller repair.
    6.2, the lower end of the paper: the main size is not a good amount of paper cutting, cutting or cutting plate when the paper will cut the small paper. Construction operations must be carefully.
    6.3 wall is not clean, strabismus with glue marks: the main is not in a timely manner with a wet towel to wipe the rubber marks, or more clean but not completely clean but not serious, or because of other processes caused by tissue contamination.
    6.4 wall surface uneven, squinting lumps: mainly grass-roots wall cleaning is not complete, or clean up but did not seriously clean, so the surface of the primary still dust, putty package, cement marks, small sand, glue pimple, so paste Wallpaper will appear after a small lump; or because plastering mortar containing unripened lime particles, will be arching a small bag of wallpaper. Treatment should be cut out of the wallpaper out of dirt, and then re-glue brushing good.
    6.5 wallpaper bubble: mainly grass-roots moisture content, plaster layer is dry on the paving wallpaper, as the gray layer is closed, the excess water can not come out, gasification will arch into a bubble. Treatment can be used when the bubble will be punctured into the syringe and glue, roll compaction.
    6.6 yin and yang corner of the hollowing out of the wall, the corners of a broken: the corner of the paste most of the use of the whole piece of paper, it has to take care of the two sides, a corner, to size in place, the surface smooth, paste firmly, there is a certain Difficulty, Yin angle slightly better than the sun angle, but with the plaster quality of grass roots is directly related to the main plastic does not leak brush, pressure in place, is to prevent hollowing. To prevent the angle of the corner break, the key is the angle of the wall when the wall must be more than 1cm2cm, the actual angle has formed an additional layer, so as not to be a long time, wallpaper shrinkage, resulting in the corner cut wallpaper .
    6.7 surface color varies, flower-shaped shades: mainly poor quality of the wallpaper, the construction did not carefully selected.
    6.8 windowsill board up and down, the upper and lower curtain boxes, etc. paving rough, parquet is not good, serious pollution; the main operation is not serious. Should strengthen the sense of responsibility, to high standards and strict requirements, in strict accordance with the rules of construction.
    6.9 on the humidity of the room and often wet walls should be waterproof wallpaper and adhesive, acid corrosion of the room should be anti-acid wallpaper and adhesive.
    6.10 for glass fiber cloth and non-woven wall cloth, paste paper should not be soaked before, only wet with a towel after rubbing from the standby can be.
7 Quality records
    This process standard shall have the following quality records:
    7.1 wallpaper and other materials factory certification.
    7.2 Sub-project quality checklist.

Application of varnish and waxing technology on wood floor

Wood (floor) board applied varnish waxing construction

1 range
      This process standard is suitable for the strip and parquet floor (floor) board application of varnish and waxing works.
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Material requirements:
    2.1.1 Paint: varnish (alkyd varnish, polyurethane varnish), blending paint, cooked tung oil, clear oil, varnish, polishing wax, sand wax.
    2.1.2 Filling materials: gypsum, white powder, floor yellow, red clay, black smoke, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate emulsion and so on.
    2.1.3 Diluent: gasoline, kerosene, alkyd thinner, rosin water, alcohol, paint films, xylene and so on.
    2.1.4 Drier: cobalt driers and other liquid materials.
    2.1.5 Mineral pigments: to have good light resistance, moisture resistance and aging resistance of mineral pigments.
    2.2 The main equipment:
    2.2.1 oil brush, knife, horn plate, mixing putty tank, half vats, oil drums, small oil drums, small buckets, scraping putty board (rubber mouth and thin steel mouth two), grams pliers, hammer, drill Wire brush, copper wire basket, yarn basket, small broom, cloth, sandpaper, pen, cotton yarn, oil spoon, powder packets and so on.
    2.3 Operating conditions:
    2.3.1 indoor slurry live, heating equipment installed, and after testing the water, test pressure is no problem.
    2.3.2 large area before construction should be done before the model, the relevant quality inspection and identification of qualified departments, the organization can organize large-scale construction team.
    2.3.3 floor (floor) planing, after acceptance in line with quality standards, wood skirting board planing light work.
    2.3.4 Brush the paint Before you paint the windows and doors must be installed all the glass.
3 operating process
    3.1 Process flow:
Ground (floor) board cleaning → frosted paper → brushing oil → caulking, putty putty → frosted paper →

Re-find the first → → → brush the first time to paint brush → brush → brush the second time after the paint brush dry oil

    3.2 Wood (floor) plate brush blending paint:
    3.2.1 floor (floor) board surface treatment: First, the surface of the dust, dirt clean, and its slit within the sand lacquer clean sweep. With 1 wood sandpaper polished, the first grinding after grinding the floor board, should be grinding along the grain, grinding to the hand touch is not a good handle, and then fine sanding with No. 1 sanding, polishing, and timely mill Under the dust clean up, the knot at the point of paint film modification.
    3.2.2 Brush oil: oil mixture with cooked oil: rosin water = 1: 2.5 is better, this oil is more dilute, can penetrate into the oil inside the wood to prevent wood moisture deformation and enhance the role of corrosion, and can make the post Road putty, brush lead oil can be well bonded with the bottom. Brushing should be the first to brush kick, after brushing the ground, brush the ground from the side of the door away from the brush. The general room can be two side by side back brush, a large room can be organized with many people back brush, brushing it evenly do not receive rejection Cha.
    3.2.3 embedded, putty putty: first with a part of the hard putty, with the ratio of gypsum powder: cooked tung oil: water = 20: 7:50, which the water content may be based on putty soft and hard. With hard putty to fill the floor of the patchwork, local knots and large defects, putty dry, with 1 sandpaper polished, clean. And then mix the mix with the above-mentioned relatively thin putty, the floor surface and kick all over a scraping. A room can be arranged two operations, the first scraping kick, after scraping the floor, from the inside to the outside with the scraping, pay attention to the two Cha Cha putty should not be too thick. Putty dry, the inspection, if the collapse of the Department, the reuse putty fill level, such as putty putty dry, with No. 1 wood sandpaper polished, and the surface layer clean.
    3.2.4 Brush the first pass blending paint: should be smooth wood brushing, the shade should not be painted too thick to prevent wrinkles. Until the oil is dry, with a No. 1 wood sandpaper gently polished smooth, polished not to wear the oil skin for the degree. Check putty with or without defects, and re-find putty, the putty should be color, its color should be consistent with the brush paint color, dry polished, and fill brush paint.
    3.2.5 Brush the first pass blending paint: dry paint in the first pass, the full grinding paper, clean dust, brush the second time blending paint.
    3.2.6 brush the third time to mix live paint: to be the second time blending paint dry, polished with wood sandpaper, eliminate the net dust, brush the third time to blend live paint.
    3.3 wood floor (floor) Board brush to eliminate:
    3.3.1 floor (floor) surface treatment; the floor surface of the dust and cracks in the sand lacquer clean sweep, polished with a wooden sandpaper, you should first take the ground after the kick, along the wood repeated grinding, grinding to Smooth, and then use the No. 1 wood sandpaper fine grinding polished, and then grinding the dust under the clean sweep.
    3.3.2 Brush oil: with cooked tung oil: pine-water ratio of 1: 2.5 blending, this clear oil is more dilute, and in the clear oil according to the template color requirements to add the appropriate pigment. Brush the first brush when the kick, brush the ground. General room can be used at the same time two people, from the side of the door away from the brush, pay attention to two at the raft of the oil layer can not overlap too thick, to brush uniform.
    3.3.3 embedded, putty putty: it should be part of the preparation of the harder gypsum putty, the mixture ratio of gypsum powder: cooked tung oil = 20: 7, the amount of water required for the actual soft and hard putty changes. Will mix good putty embedded cracks, patchwork, and repair large defects, should make up a good plug. Putty dry, polished with a sandpaper, and dust cleaned, and then scraping a putty, putty should be based on the model color matching, scraping kick and the ground. Application, they can also arrange for two simultaneous operation, the first scraping kick, pay attention to kick up and down the mouth of the mouth putty. And then scraping the floor, from the inside out along the water pattern scraping, scraping the use of steel scraper putty, and putty in time to the remnants of the remaining. When the two then take the time to putcha putty can not overlap too thick, putty putty should be carried out in two. The first time should be full of wood along the scratch again, dry, check whether the collapse of the Department of uneven, and then putty putty, dry wood sandpaper with a No. 1 flat, clean and clean, the second time and then full of putty putty again, Scraping leveling evenly, dry, polished with a wood sandpaper,
And clean the dust.
    3.3.4 brush oil color; first brush kick, brush the floor. Brush oil to be uniform, then crock to stagger, and the coating should not be too thick and overlapping, to be forced to open the oil color, so that the color evenly.
    3.3.5 brush varnish three; oil color dry (usually 48h), with 1 wood sandpaper polish, and dust with a cloth wipe, you can brush varnish. After the first brush to brush the floor after the foot brush, brush the paint to be thicker, to be dry after a more stable light, dry, with 1 sandpaper gently brush marks, can not wear the patent leather, the dust clean, Brush the second pass of the varnish, so this method and then brushing the third time to pay living paint, brush, the finished product to do the protection work to prevent damage to the film.
    3.4 wood floor (floor) plate paint film, the wrong light:
    3.4.1 floor (floor) board surface treatment: clean up (floor) board debris, and clean the surface of the dust, with 1 or 1
 No. Wood sandpaper wrapped wooden side by the floor polished to make it smooth, polished should be kicked after the ground.
    3.4.2 Run oil: the ratio is: large white anti: pine: water: cooked tung oil = 24:16: 2, and according to the kind required to incorporate the right amount of paint, oil mix well, with cotton dipped in the floor and kick Repeated rub rub feet, the board will be full of brown eyes on the surface, fill. Dry, with 0 sandpaper polish, scratches, prints polished smooth, and with a dry cloth to wipe the dust.
    3.4.3 Brush the film twice: the paint film against the thin, according to the need to infiltration paint, brushing. After the repair putty. The color of the putty should be the same as the color of the paint film, dry wood sandpaper with a number of lightly polished, should not wear the film.
    3.4.4 re-paint film twice: when brushing action to be fast, pay attention to the first, patchwork can not have obvious access Cha and overlap phenomenon.
    3.4.5 wax out of light: with a soft white cloth soft wax, respectively, in the kick and the floor surface in order to evenly rub, to wipe the wax to wipe and should not be rubbed too thick, slightly dry, with dry Cloth rubbed repeatedly to make it light.
    3.5 wood floor (floor) board brush polyurethane varnish:
    3.5.1 Ground (floor) plate surface treatment: the board surface and the patchwork of dust on the clean, with l wood sand paper bag side of the water polished wood, the first kick, the back corner, and finally grinding large surface, to Polished. The oil stains can be broken glass scrape the net after the scrub paper, and clean with a broom.
      3.5.2 Run oil: according to the white powder: pine: water: mature tung oil = 24:16: 2, and according to the template requirements mixed with pigment evenly, the oil powder in turn rubbed in the kick and the floor surface, The brown eyes and grain inside the rub, rub strict, and clean the excess oil powder.
      Another method is the water powder: water powder weight ratio: large white powder: cellulose (bone glue): pigment: water = 14: 1: 1: 18, according to the proportion of water and mix well, and then repeated uniform coating Wipe the wood surface, the grain, brown eye rub rub rub Yan.
    3.5.3 putty putty: gypsum and polyurethane varnish mixed with gypsum putty, and according to the template doped pigments, mix well putty embedded in the gap, Ma Hang, depression Department of uneven, should be smooth along the grain, and timely The wild putty received net, dry sandpaper with 1, polished, such as there is still collapse Department to re-find putty, dry and then re-polished, the surface wipe clean.
    3.5.4 Brush the first pass polyurethane varnish: brush the floor after the first brush kick, brushing from the inside out. Sheaves, wooden floor in one direction; long wood flooring should be along the grain direction brushing; brushing brush should be applied when the force should not leak brush. Dry putty check whether the collapse, with or without pits, which should re-find putty. Dry with a sandpaper sanding, and the surface of the dust with a tidal cloth to wipe clean; if a large piece of putty scars, oil or paint can be prepared to add paint with a brush point repair.
    3.5.5 Brush the second pass of polyurethane varnish: to be the first time dry paint, the sandpaper will brush pattern smooth grinding, wiping with a tidal cloth to dry after brushing the second time varnish.
    3.5.6 Brush the third pass of polyurethane varnish: the method above.
4 quality standards
    4.1 Warranty items:
    4.1.1 Mixing paint work It is strictly prohibited to peeling, leakage brush and anti-rust.
    4.1.2 varnish construction is strictly prohibited leakage brush, peeling and stains.
    4.1.3 wood floor (floor) plate hot wax, rubbing wax used in the coating varieties, quality must meet the design requirements of the sample and the relevant standards. It is strictly forbidden to burn the floor and damage the floor during construction.
    4.2 Basic Items:
    4.2.1 Basic items of wood-floor (floor) blending paint, see Table 9-44.
                                                                    Table 9-44
Line Item Normal Paint Intermediate Paint High Paint
1 through the end of the flow fall, wrinkled skin large surface without large surface light, small surface obvious no big, small surface are no
2 bright and smooth large surface bright, smooth and bright, smooth uniform light foot, smooth non-stop feel
3 colors, the same brush color consistent color, no color pattern of the same brush, brushless pattern

    4.2.2 wood floor (floor) board varnish paint basic items, see Table 9-45.
                                                                    Table 9-45
Line Items Intermediate Paint Advanced Paint
1 wood grain brown eyes flattened, clear grain brown eyes flattened, clear grain
2 bright and smooth bright feet, smooth and bright and soft, smooth and no gear feel
3 wrapped Leng, flow falls, wrinkled large surface and small surface obvious no
4 colors, brush pattern basically the same color, brushless color consistent, brushless pattern

5 protection of finished products
    5.1 Every time you paint the paint, you should clean the windowsill dust in advance, and when the brush off the window to prevent dust pollution paint.
    5.2 Brush the floor surface should be cleaned before cleaning.
    5.3 construction operations should be continuous, not half-way stop, to prevent damage to the coating and then crouches obviously difficult to repair.
    5.4 after the exchange of oil brush should be responsible for the lock door, in order to keep the ground clean, if the door construction, should be protected with a plastic film on the floor, etc., construction workers should wear soft soled shoes, is prohibited to wear spikes walking on the floor .
    5.5 is strictly prohibited in the living surface of the floor after the free tick ticking, smashing, carts and stacking debris, so as not to damage the surface layer.
    5.6 Do not carry water on the floor, or soak the floor with water.
    5.7 floor fall mortar, etc. should be promptly cleaned to prevent wear and tear paint surface.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
    6.1 wood floor (floor) plate coating shall not be less than three times. Hardwood floor (floor) board should be applied varnish or hot hard wax. Hot hard wax, the floor wax should be sprinkled evenly, should not be too thick, and to prevent burn to (floor) board.
    6.2 local appearance (floor) board seams crack: the main reason is the generation of scraping putty is not serious, caulking is not dense, putty dry shrinkage crack. When asked to put putty putty putty, filled in dense, such as a fill up injustice. To repair until repeated fill up so far.
    6.3 paint on the surface of the "prickly heat": mainly polished sandpaper without a net cloth to wipe the dust on the brush oil, or brush oil when the environment is not clean, dust and more polluting paint, or because of poor paint, Lo over the basket or not too thin and so on.
    6.4 light, ultra-bright: wood floor uneven, primer is not dry on the brush surface paint, thinner mixed with too much, indoor humidity, winter indoor smoke is too large.
    6.5 Flow falling or coating color unevenness: the main kicker and the ground at the angle of intersection is easy to cause the coating overlap, the local will form a flow fall or flower, wood floor surface color uneven, no processing, or brushing surface Large, not a good paint against a number of times against the paint color, resulting in a sense of color coating. Just paint too much oil, resulting in coating is too thick, will have a flow fall and so on.
7 Quality records
    This process standard shall have the following quality records:
    7.1 varnish and other materials factory certification.
    7.2 Sub-project quality checklist.

General brush (spray) slurry construction technology

General brush (spray) pulp construction

1 range
    The process standards for industrial and civil construction of the general lime slurry, white pulp, can silver paste, polymer cement and other brush (spray) slurry project.
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Material requirements:
    2.1.1 lime lime or lime powder: for the general brush (spray) slurry project.
    2.1.2 large white powder: building materials store has finished supply, there are blocks and round pieces of the points, according to need to buy.
    2.1.3 can match silver: building materials stores have finished supply.
    2.1.4 building gypsum powder: building materials store supply, is a gas-hardening cementing material.
    2.1.5 Talc: requires fineness, over 140 ~ 325 mesh, whiteness of 90%.
    2.1.6 Adhesive: polyvinyl acetate emulsion, carboxymethyl cellulose, flour and so on.
    2.1.7 pigments: iron oxide yellow, red iron oxide, ultramarine, zinc white, chrome yellow, green, etc., with strong hiding power, light, alkali, weather-resistant effects of mineral pigments.
    2.1.8 Others: salt used for general brush lime, common white pulp for the caustic soda, white cement or ordinary cement.
    2.2 The main equipment:
    2.2.1 general should be equipped with hand pump or electric spraying machine, large pulp barrels, small barrels, brush, pen, knife, plastic scraper, plastic scraper, 0 and l wood sandpaper, 50 ~ 80 Wire basket, putty tank, the size of buckets, rubber pipe, pliers, lead wire, putty tank, putty pallet, broom, cloth, cotton and so on.
    2.3 Operating conditions:
    2.3.1 plastering work has been completed, the wall should be basically dry, grass-roots moisture content of not more than 10%.
    2.3.2 indoor plumbing, pre-embedded pre-installed electrical have been completed, and the completion of plaster repair at the hole.
    2.3.3 oil over the head has been brushing oil.
    2.3.4 Large area construction should be preceded by a good model, the relevant quality inspection and identification of qualified departments, the organization can organize large-scale construction team.
    2.3.5 winter construction indoor brush (spray) slurry project should be carried out under the conditions of heating, room temperature to maintain a balance, the general indoor temperature should not be less than +10 ℃, relative humidity of 60%, not a sudden change. At the same time should be dedicated to test and switch doors and windows, in order to facilitate ventilation to exclude moisture.
3 operating process
    3.1 Process flow:
Grass-roots treatment → spray, brush glue → fill the gap, the local scraping putty → gypsum wall Patchwork →

Full of scraping putty → brush, spray the first pass → re-find the putty → brush, spray the second time pulp → brush, spray the exchange paste

    3.2 Basic treatment: the surface of the concrete wall of floating sand, dust, pimple, etc. to remove the surface, the surface of the release agent, oil and other applications alkaline (caustic soda: water = 1:10) clean brush, and then rinse off the wall with water And the like.
    3.3 spray, brush glue: putty in the concrete wall before the first spray, brush a glue (weight ratio of water: emulsion = 5: 1), pay attention to spray, brush to be uniform, not omission.
    3.4 fill the gap, local scraping putty, water gypsum wall cracks and potholes will not flatten the injustice, and the wild putty net, to be putty after drying with 1 sandpaper polished, and the dust and other clean.
    3.5 Gypsum board wall Patchwork: Application of caulking at the joints filled with putty, the paste layer of glass mesh or silk cloth, with cloth emulsion will be stuck in the patchwork, the stick should be Braba Straight, paste flat, and scraping plaster putty together.
    3.6 full of putty putty: According to the different wall and the grass-roots level of living requirements of the different, the number of times and putty material is also different. The general situation is three times, putty with the ratio of weight ratio, there are two, one for indoor putty, the mixture ratio: polyvinyl acetate emulsion (ie white latex): talc or large white powder: 2% Methyl cellulose solution = 1: 5: 3.5; second is applied to the external walls, kitchen, toilet, bathroom putty, the mixture ratio: polyvinyl acetate emulsion: cement: water = 1: 5: 1. Scraping putty should be horizontal and vertical scraping, and pay attention to then and closing the first time when the putty to scratch the net, every time the dry putty should be grinding paper, will be putty grinding grinding dust will be cleaned up. If the surface layer to be painted with the color of the slurry, the putty should also be mixed with the appropriate amount of surface layer with the color of color coordination.
    3.7 Brush, spray the first pass Pulp: brush, spray the door before the window should be the first circle with a row of brushes, such as the wall and ceiling for the two colors should be used in the color line at the line and brush 20cm wide To facilitate access Cha, and then a large area system spray. Brush, spray sequence after the roof should be the first wall, the first on the order after the next. Such as spray nozzle when the nozzle from the wall should be 20 ~ 30cm, moving speed should be smooth, so that uniform coating thickness. Such as the top plate for the groove plate, the first should be sprayed around the inner corners of the concave and then spray the middle plane, plasma live ratio and modulation methods are as follows:
    3.7.1 Modulating lime slurry:
    3.7.1.1 The lime block into the container by adding appropriate amount of water, such as ash and then the proportion of aging should be added in the water should be added. The mixing ratio is lime: water = 1: 6 (weight ratio).
    3.7.1.2 salt into salt water, salt-doped lime slurry weight of 0.3% to 0.5%, the salt water poured into the lime slurry after mixing, and then 50 to 60 mesh copper wire filter, the resulting slurry can be applied Spray, brush.
    3.7.1.3 When lime powder is used, add the lime powder into the container and mix with water, mix with salt, mix well, and use it.
    3.7.2 modulation of large white pulp:
    3.7.2.1 crushed into a large white powder container, add water mixed into a slurry, and then 50 to 60 mesh copper wire basket filter.
    3.7.2.2 carboxymethyl cellulose into the cylinder, add water to dissolve. The mixing ratio of the mixture was carboxymethyl cellulose: water = 1:40 (weight ratio).
    3.7.2.3 polyvinyl acetate emulsion diluted with water and large white powder mixing, the content ratio: large white powder: emulsion = 10: 1.
    3.7.2.4 The above three kinds of slurry according to the white: emulsion: cellulose = 100:13:16 mixed stirring, over 80 mesh copper wire basket, mix well into large white pulp.
    3.7.2.5 If the color paste, the first with the pigment to open, over the basket into the large white pulp.
    3.7.3 match with silver paste: silver can match the silver powder into the container, add water dissolved after mixing can be silver paste.
    3.8 to find putty: the first time pulp in the post, the pitting on the wall, potholes, scratches and other re-use with putty scratching, dry with a fine sandpaper light mill, and the dust sweep to the surface Smooth.
    3.9 brush, spray the second time pulp; method Ibid.
    3.10 brush, spray the exchange of pulp: to be the second time pulp dry, with fine sandpaper to dust, splash, spray, etc. gently rubbed, and clean, you can brush, spray the exchange of pulp. Cross-live pulp should be more than the second time the appropriate increase in the amount of glue a little to prevent the brush, spray coating of powder out, it must be done to meet and ensure the project.
    3.11 Brush, spray interior wall paint and scrub paint, etc.: the basic treatment and the same spray paint, surface coating the use of building products, pay attention to visual inspection, and refer to the product manual to handle and brushing.
    3.12 outdoor brush, shotcrete:
    3.12.1 Brick-concrete structure of the outer window, arch face, window cover, waist and other parts of the brushing white cement slurry construction methods:
    3.12.1.1 The windowsill, arch face, window cover, waistline and other parts that need to be painted should be coated with a layer of white cement paste by wet scrapping to make it compact with the surface layer, (With the ratio of white cement plus water weight of 20% 107 plastic solution of water to mix into a slurry), when brushing the surface of the water, Available oil brush or row of pen, top-down brushing, pay attention to be dipped in diligence brush, to prevent pollution.
    3.12.1.2 The first day to brushing the second time, to achieve a coating surface without a sense of the end of the cover and flowers.
    3.12.2 prefabricated concrete balcony floor, balcony household board, balcony bar board brushing:
    3.12.2.1 General practice: clean up the grass-roots level, scraping cement putty l ~ 2 times leveling, grinding paper, and then find the cement putty, brush the external wall paint, brushing and cover the bottom for the living.
    3.12.2.2 According to the characteristics of outdoor climate change, should be used moisture and waterproof coating application: clean-up grass-roots, scraping polymer cement putty 1 to 2 times (with a water ratio of 20% of the 107 glue solution cement, Paste), dry ground after the collapse of the re-fill level, dry grinding paper. Brushing polymer cement (mix ratio: water weight of 20% of the 107 glue solution mixed with cement, combined with the pigment after a slurry). Or with moisture-proof, waterproof coating for brushing. Should first brush the corners, and then brush the surface, evenly brushing again, to be dry and then brushing the second time, until the live up to date.
    3.13 Winter Construction:
    3.13.1 The use of freezing plastering of the wall should not be painted.
    3.13.2 Brush the polymer cement slurry should be based on the temperature of the admixture, the admixture material should be matched with the coating material, admixture dosage should be determined by the experiment.
    3.13.3 The outer coating used in winter construction shall be constructed and used in accordance with the instructions and requirements for the use of the material to prevent freezing.
4 quality standards
    4.1 Warranty items:
    4.1.1 selection of brush (spray) pulp varieties, quality levels, patterns and colors, must meet the design and sample selection requirements and the relevant standards.
    4.1.2 brush (spray) project is prohibited from the skin, powder, leakage brush and through the end.
    4.2 Basic items, see Table 9-43.
                        Indoor, outside the brush (spray) slurry basic items of the project Table 9-43
Line Item Intermediate Standard
1 anti-alkali, bite color allows a slight amount, but not more than 1 place
2 spray points, brush pattern 1.5m face spray evenly, smooth brush pattern
3 streams fall, pimple, spilled foam allowed a slight amount, but not more than 1 place
4 colors, trachoma, scratches the same color, allowing a slight, a small amount of trachoma, scratches
5 decorative line color separation straight deviation of not more than 2mm (pull 5m small line check, less than 5m pass line check)
6 doors, windows and other lighting

5 protection of finished products
    5.1 Do not contaminate the windows and doors paint, can not pollute finish layer (including water brick wall).
    5.2 finished brush (spray) pulp finished product should be done to protect the work to prevent other processes of product contamination and damage.
    5.3 indoor pulp live repair, attention should be paid to the installation of electric switches, plugs, lamps and other electrical products and equipment, pipeline protection, prevent brush (spray) pulp caused by pollution.
    5.4 To reduce pollution, should be preceded by a circle of the window with a row of brushes, and then a large area of ​​live slurry application work.
    5.5 Brush (spray) slurry should be completed before the surface layer of protection, to prevent fall caused by pollution.
    5.6 The walls and floors of the oil workers shall be screened and protected before application.
    5.7 Moving sprinkler, spraying machine and other construction tools is strictly prohibited on the ground drag, to prevent damage to the surface layer.
Attention should be paid to the quality of the pass
    6.1 Brush (spray) slurry engineering or grass-roots level of the overall water content: concrete and plaster surface water-based and emulsion slurry, the moisture content of not more than 10%, to prevent peeling.
    6.2 Brush (spray) Putty putty used in the project, should be solid and solid, not powder, skin and cracks. Use of water-resistant putty should be used when the paint is to be applied to the exterior wall, kitchen, bathroom, toilet, etc., and to the surface of wood floor.
    6.3 brush (spray) slurry surface roughness: the main reason is the primary treatment is not complete, such as grinding uneven, not putty putty putty net, dry polished uneven, clean up the net, large white fineness is not enough, nozzle aperture, Causing the surface slurry particles rough.
    6.4 pulp cracking: the main reason is the grass-roots dust did not clean up the wall uneven, putty thick or before the Road putty is not dry tightly followed by scraping two putty, which is putty dry after the formation of cracks to crack pulp pulp crack .
    6.5 peeling: brush (spray) slurry layer is too thick, the amount of glue within the surface layer is too large, low-level glue less strength, dry, the surface layer of slurry to form a hard shell cracking cracking. Therefore, we should grasp the amount of glue within the pulp, in order to increase the bonding strength of pulp and grass-roots level, in the brush (spray) before the slurry brush (spray) a glue.
    6.6 out of powder: the main reason is the surface layer of slurry in the amount of glue used, in order to solve the problem of powder out, in the first good slurry with some more emulsion to increase the amount of plastic, with the new slurry with the powder out Surface layer to re-brush (spray) a Road, this glue called "to a sweep glue" can.
    6.7 anti-alkali, bite color: the main reason is the wall wet, or dry and wet wall inconsistencies; due to the rush time period pulp with each too tight, before the pulp did not dry on the spray under the slurry; After the fire furnace wall yellowing; also because the indoor running water, water leakage after the formation of water marks. The solution is to use warm winter heating or electric furnace, the wall drying, pulp can not be too many times with the live too tight, should follow a reasonable construction sequence.
    6.8 flow fall: the main reason is the wet road, pulp and more difficult to dry glue, spray slurry thick and so on. Should be dry to the wall after the brush (spray) slurry, brush (spray) slurry is best to set someone responsible for the nozzle to move evenly. With a special person to master with pulp to ensure that the right mix.
    6.9 through the end: the main reason is the grass-roots surface is too smooth or oil on the surface did not clean, slurry brush (spray) curing up, or because of poor consistency with the pulp when the pulp is too thin, sprayed several times is not covered. Spraying slurry from the wall 20 ~ 30cm, moving speed is uniform, do not leak spray and so on.
    6.10 gypsum board wall cracks at the crack: the main reason is not required to install the gypsum board indwelling gap; suture to deal with sloppy, do not follow the rules paste glass mesh cloth, do not seriously capped with caulking to caulk. Resulting in putty dry shrinkage cracking.
    6.11 outdoor brush (spray) pulp and paint or paint then Cha-color line is not clear: the main reason is poor technical quality, construction is not serious.
    6.12 wrinkles, cracking: the main reason is not dry after the slurry brush caused by the pulp skin wrinkles, should strengthen the finished product

Unbonded Prestressed Reinforcement Technics

Unbonded tendons

1 range

    This process standard applies to post-tensioned unbonded prestressed concrete structures with 8 degree seismic fortification in Beijing.

2 construction preparation

    2.1 Materials and main equipment

    2.1.1 The production of non-adhesive steel bars and steel wire should be in line with national standards "prestressed concrete steel wire" (GB5223

A 85), "prestressed concrete strand" (GB5224-85) requirements.

    2.1.2 The coating layer of unbonded tendons adopts "special construction grease". Its performance and product quality index shall conform to the standard issued by Hunan Bureau of Standards on June 6, 1983. On July 1, 1983, the "unbonded prestressed Tendons lubrication with anti-rust grease technical conditions "requirements.

    2.1.3 Unbonded tendon cladding material is made of low-density high-pressure polyethylene (the melt index is 1.5 ~ 5 at 190 ℃).

2.1.4 The quality requirements of finished unbonded bars shall conform to the requirements of the design and construction regulations for the design and construction of the unbonded prestressed concrete structural system (BUPC) in Beijing (Trial) (DBJ01-7-90) Section 2.2.5 (see Table 4-44). Non-adhesive tendons with steel wire, strand, do not allow a dead bend, see the dead bend must be cut off. Wire should be long, no joints.

    2.1.5 The structure and technical requirements of Type A and Type B anchorage systems for unbonded prestressed concrete structures shall comply with the requirements set out in Chapter 3 of Part II of DBJ01-7-90.

    The construction of Type A and Type B anchoring systems is shown in Figures 4-52 to 4-57.

   

    The performance and conditions of Type A and Type B anchors are shown in Table 4-45.

    Usually with a beam or armor B, stranded with B type.

    2.1.6 supporting tensioning equipment with oil pump and jack, the technical performance, see Table 4-46. Machine with the top pressure (hydraulic and spring two), tension rods, tool anchors.

    2.2 Operating conditions

    2.2.1 When the tensile strength of concrete to meet the design requirements, generally not less than 70% of the design strength, a test report card.

    2.2.2 Preparation of unbonded bars and completion of reinforcement processing.

    2.2.3 Anchorage has been checked and accepted.

    2.2.4 tensioning equipment has been tested, equipment is ready.

    2.2.5 Tensioning of the scaffold and fence erection has been completed and checked to meet operational requirements.

    2.2.6 According to the requirements of the design of the non-adhesive tendons of the tensioning sequence, tension values, elongation, laying of non-adhesive tendons as well as the operation, quality standards, technical description.

3 operating process

    3.1 Process flow:

Construction preparation → beam, plate formwork support → non - prestressed steel laying, banding →

Unbonded prestressed tendon laying, installation of the end node → non-prestressed reinforcement laying, banding →

Unbonded prestressed arching, banding → hidden inspection → concrete pouring and vibrating →

Concrete curing → tension → end treatment

                          

    3.2 Check the repair of non-adhesive tendons: non-adhesive ribs approach, it is timely verification of the size of the ribs, size and quantity, the root-check the outer tendon and the quality of the end of the accessories, with A-beam, should Carefully check the inside and outside the anchor cup thread, head upset size, leakage of upsetting phenomenon, etc., and positioning screw into the anchor cup, screw into the depth of Table 4-47. After inspection and correct, can be classified stacking. The wrapped layer of damaged non-adhesive tendons, with plastic tape repair.

    3.3 Position of the end hole of the end mold: In the tensioning side of the die, according to the construction drawing, the location of the bond wire, number and drilling. With an anchor bar diameter of φ40, with a bolt hole diameter φ30.

    3.4 Installation of bearing plate: The tension plate is installed on the tension-free end of the unbonded tendons, so the tensioning cylinder and the bearing plate are not perpendicular to each other due to the inclination of the bearing plate. The vertical deviation of bearing plate is shown in Section 4.3.

    3.5 laying non-adhesive tendons: usually non-adhesive ribs configured with one-way and two-way curve configuration two. Laying should pay attention to:

    3.5.1 The unbonded tendons shall be placed at the same horizontal position (cross-center and support) as the non-prestressed tendons in the same direction in order to ensure the high vector requirements of the unbonded tendons.

    3.5.2 Before laying, should be iron stool to control the curvature of non-adhesive tendons, generally every 2m set a stool, the height of the stool according to design requirements. Across the middle may not set horse stool, tied directly to the bottom of the bar.

    3.5.3 Bidirectional curve configuration, should also pay attention to the placement of tendons. Due to the various points of the ribs are highly different ups and downs, there will be two-way reinforcement staggered phase pressure. In order to avoid laying wear tendons, the construction must be artificial or computer programming. The alignment method is to mark the elevation (from the bottom of the plate to the height of the unbonded tendon epithelium) at the cross point of the unidirectional tendons, and compare the corresponding two elevations of the crossings. If one direction A tendon of the points were lower than the intersection of the corresponding points of the corresponding elevation, then the tendons can be placed first. According to this law to find out the order of laying. In this order, the non-prestressed tendons tendons tied at the end, the non-adhesive tendons laid in the template.

    3.5.4 The unbonded tendons shall be laid underneath the ducts to avoid unbonded tendons from pulling downward, resulting in the bending of the ducts and the breakage of the concrete below them.

    3.6 End node installation:

    3.6.1 A-type anchoring system Tension-side installation: The plastic protective sleeve gently into the reserved hole in the bearing plate to prevent the pouring of concrete, the cement slurry into the anchor cup thread, and affect the tension. According to design requirements, to determine the embedded depth of anchor cup. To ensure the correct position, can be achieved through the positioning link. The length of the connecting rod is 160mm, and the two ends are threaded. One end of the connecting rod is screwed into the anchor cup (the length of which is specified in Table 4-47), the wire is fixed in the end mold on. The depth of the anchor cup is checked by measuring the dimensions of the rod exposed to the end die. In the positioning process, the embedded depth of the anchor cup to be done by root check, check, strictly control the exposed size of the positioning link. Refer to Table 4-47 for the allowable deviation of the exposed dimension of the connecting rod, and the exposed dimension should be calculated according to Figure 4-58.

  

Lr = A - B -? L + 30 - C

Where Lr - a link exposed in the end of the mold size (mm);

      A - connecting rod length;

      B- the length of a connecting rod screwed into the anchor cup:

    ΔL - Calculate the elongation value (mm) after unbonded tendons are stretched;

      C-thickness of the end of the template (mm).

    3.6.2 Installation of fixed anchorage system anchorage system: Anchor anchored seven-hole anchor plate is tied to non-prestressed tendons or additional bars with lead wires, and the spiral bars are arranged in the front area to strengthen the concrete Compressive strength. Steel upsetting head should be tight with the anchor plate, flush, does not allow a scattered phenomenon.

    3.6.3 Installation of tensioning end of B-type anchoring system: When installing, the unbonded tendons shall be pierced from the reserved hole of the bearing plate, and the vertical section of the bearing plate shall be fastened with lead wire. See Table 4-47 for the length of the inner straight section. When the anchor is recessed into the tensioned end of the concrete, the surface of the plastic plug is coated with oil to prevent adhesion to the concrete. At the same time in the pouring of concrete, the pressure plate to be inside the surface of the location of the prestressed tendons outside the plastic pipe cut along the surrounding, and then removed when the tension.

    3.6.4 B type anchoring system anchorage end installation: according to design requirements fixed in the template, and configure the spiral bar. Stranded fixed end needs to be distributed, the seven-hole steel wire head upsetting.

    3.7 Lashing: check the plastic protective sleeve without damage. The two ends of the soft plastic pipe are tied to the protective sleeve and non-adhesive tendons, respectively, according to the design requirements will be non-bonded tendons tied to the non-prestressed tendons tendons tendons or additional tendons on the board, lashing should be protected without bonding The tendons coincide with the axes of the anchor cups and are perpendicular to the bearing plates to facilitate the pulling out of the plate end when tensioning.

    3.8 arching: tie non-prestressed tendons, according to the construction drawings in the design of the number of non-adhesive tendon position, straighten the bond-free tendon, the alignment curve of the height of the control point below the stool position tied. See Table 4-47 for the quality requirements of tendons for tendons.

    3.9 Concrete pouring and vibrating:

    3.9.1 After the laying of the unbonded bar assembly is completed, the construction unit, the quality inspection department and the design unit shall jointly carry out hidden inspection and acceptance. When the qualification is confirmed, the concrete shall be poured.

    3.9.2 When pouring concrete, do not press the stool and to prevent the touch of a trace to ensure that the non-adhesive tendons and anchors of the location of accurate.

    3.9.3 Tension end and anchorage end concrete should be carefully vibrated, forbidden to leak vibration, to avoid honeycomb pock, to ensure its compactness, and is strictly prohibited to touch the tension side of the plastic sleeve, to avoid damage due to sleeve off the impact of Zhang Pull to proceed.

    3.10 A-type anchoring process:

    3.10.1 Construction preparation: remove the positioning link before the tension, the end of the template, clean-up site, scaffolding support and protective barrier.

    3.10.2 Equipment Installation: Screw the tension rod into the anchor cup, install the jack and tighten the tension rod nut (must be full buckle). The jack should be installed on the same axis as the unbonded tendon and perpendicular to the bearing plate. If less than required, can be used pad pad on the end of the support frame to adjust.

    3.10.3 Tensioning: Turn on the oil pump and apply pressure. When the pressure gauge reaches 5MPa, stop the pressure, adjust the cylinder position, continue to pressurize until the required tension value, turn off the pump power, stop the oil pressure. And then anchor the buckle outside the buckle clear brush, screw on the nut, once again connected to the pump, pull tension to pull the value, tighten the nut.

    The use of electric pump pressure, to control the oil speed, oil pressure to control the general time to the oil can not be less than 0.5min.

    Tension process, when the individual wire fracture, the tension can be reduced accordingly. However, the number of breaks should not exceed 2% of the total number of prestressing tendons in the same section. For multi-span biaxially continuous plates, the same section is calculated per span.

    3.10.4 Measurement record: In order to check the prestress value, in the process of tension, the elongation value of the unbonded bar should be recorded at random. Usually each level to take the oil pressure gauge readings to multiples of 10MPa is appropriate.

    At the beginning of tensioning, the unbonded tendons are free to be placed in the plastic sleeve, which is tightened with a certain tensile force, so that it is difficult to measure the starting point of the tension, the zero point of the unbonded tensile stress One point in theory is the measure of the elongation of the tendons.

    The zero point is determined by pressing the jack to 10 MPa, marking the jack as the starting point for measuring the unbonded elongation value, see point A in Figure 4-59, and increasing the pressure gradually to 20 MPa until The final pressure value is reached and the elongation value of each bar is recorded in groups. The B, C, D points in Figure 4-59 can be drawn. Because in the elastic range, the elongation value is proportional to the stress, so the points in Figure 4-59 made a straight line and extended, and the horizontal axis at O1 point, the O1 point is the zero point, The total elongation value should be ΔL1 + ΔL2.

    When the measured elongation value and the calculated elongation difference of 10% or more, should be analyzed.

    Measured elongation greater than the calculated elongation of 10% or more, should stop the tension, check the meter is wrong, if necessary, should be re-check and calibration.

    The measured elongation is less than the calculated elongation value of 10% or more, you should find out the reasons can continue to pressure or non-adhesive bundle to relax, the second tension, but the tensile stress can not exceed the standard non-adhesive reinforcement Pull strength of 75%.

    3.10.5 Anchorage and demolition equipment: tighten the nut, you can gradually return to oil, relax the non-adhesive tendons, remove the jack. Operation should be back to the oil slowly, first cut off the power supply, after the valve to move back to the oil position, and then return the oil to the original piston, remove the jack.

    Anchorage cup position error caused by tensile force to meet the design requirements, the cup exposed plate face is too long (more than 50mm) or too short (less than 20mm), should be taken to add nuts or anchor bolts for anchoring.

    3.11 B-type anchoring process:

    3.11.1 Construction preparation: the end of the plate should be cleaned before stripping, stripped of exposed steel wire (steel beam) of the outsourcing of plastic casing, one by one to check the anchor, is strictly prohibited to use a corrosion anchor. And the length of the exposed unbonded ribs was measured one by one, and recorded as the original length before stretching.

    3.11.2 tension: connected to the pump, pressure, when the pressure reaches 2.5MPa, stop the pressure. Adjust the position of the jack, continue to pressurize until the tension required to achieve the design. When the dry jack stroke can not meet the required tension elongation value, the way to stop the tension, for temporary anchorage, back jack trip, and then the second tension. Both ends of the tension at the same time, both ends of the tension to maintain the same, the pressure difference should not exceed 10MPa.

    3.11.3 Top Pressure and Demolition Equipment: There are two methods of top pressure, hydraulic top pressure and spring top pressure. Hydraulic top pressure is pressurized with a manual pump to the top press. When the tension to control stress, stop the pressure, to maintain the required pressure, with a manual pump to the top of the pressurized, the pressure reaches 30MPa, the top pressure and jack slowly return oil, and finally remove the tensioning device. When the spring top pressure is applied, when the tension is required to control the stress, the oil can be returned. As a result of the spring top press, the anchoring pressure is larger and the anchorage is larger. The second tension, you must remove the top pressure equipment, put on the support frame, the jack support in the component. Tension must be maintained when the jack and anchor on the same axis, the pressure position should take the design control stress value. The use of open-type gasket, pad in the anchor with the pressure plate at the gap.

    3.11.4 Measurement record: After measurement, measure the length of the unbonded bars minus the length measured before tensioning. The difference is the actual elongation value, which is used to check the calculated elongation. The deviation is + 10% Or -5%.

    3.12 The protection of the anchorage zone shall be adequately protected against rust and fire, and shall be protected against entry of water vapor, corrosion of anchors or prestressing tendons.

    There are usually two approaches:

    3.12.1 Anchoring Outer-wrapped reinforced concrete ring beams. For A-type anchors, oil guns should be filled with oil-lubricated anti-rust grease into the plastic protective sleeve through the oil-filling hole of the anchor cup, and then filled with oil (grease out from another oil-filled hole) before outsourcing the reinforced concrete . For B-type anchors, the exposed unbonded tendons should be cut off, leaving only 20cm, and then the dispersion of bending, and then pouring concrete.

    3.12.2 pre-embedded in the concrete anchorage components, to be tensioned, cut off the excess non-adhesive tendons (must use the wheel saw, not

Construction Technology of Color Spraying on Concrete and Plastering Surface

Color Spraying Construction of Concrete and Plastering Surface

1 range
    The process standards for industrial and civil engineering and structural engineering inside and outside the concrete and plaster (cement mortar or mixed mortar) surface color spray works.
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Material requirements:
    2.1.1 According to the design requirements, the basic situation, construction environment and season, choose, buy architectural coatings and other supporting materials.
    2.2 The main equipment:
    2.2.1 high-rise building paint construction should adopt the electric basket, multi-storey building coating construction should adopt the bridge shelf, the indoor layer according to the specific circumstances of the situation, ready to operate the shelves, other tools should be determined in accordance with the construction method of supporting preparation, synthesis 2, spraying equipment: air compressor (maximum pressure 10MPa, exhaust room 0.6m3), high-pressure airless sprayer (including supporting (including the supporting equipment): 1, brushing tools: pen, brush, Equipment); 3. Spray guns, spray guns, high pressure hose, etc .; 4. Roller tools: plush roller, embossing roller, printing roller, hard plastic or rubber roller; 5. Bundle tools: manual or electric paint applicator and Supporting equipment; 6. Waxing tools: stainless steel trowel, plastic trowel, care gray board, etc. 7. Hand-held electric mixer and so on.
    2.3 Operating conditions:
    2.3.1 The concrete and the wall wipe mixed mortar The ash has been completed, and after drying, the moisture content should meet the following requirements: 1. Surface application of solvent-based coating, the moisture content of not more than 8%; Water-based and floating paint, the moisture content of not more than 10%.
    2.3.2 Hydropower and equipment, the top wall reserved, embedded parts have been completed.
    2.3.3 Door and window installation has been completed and has applied base oil (dry oil, anti-rust paint), such as the use of mechanical spray paint, should not spray the site covered to prevent pollution.
    2.3.4 Water-borne and latex coating Ambient temperature at the time of application shall be controlled according to the temperature of the product specification. Indoor application of paint in winter, should be carried out under the conditions of heating, room temperature should be balanced, not a sudden change.
    2.3.5 Apply the substrate or base layer should be missing the edge of the missing corner, with 1: 3 cement mortar (or polymer cement mortar) repair; surface linen and gap application putty fill Qi Ping (external walls, kitchen, bathroom And toilets and other parts of the need to use paint, should be used with water resistant putty).
    2.3.6 technical personnel to carry out the construction of the end, it should be emphasized that technical measures and quality requirements. Large-scale construction should be preceded by a model, identified by the quality inspection departments qualified before the team can organize the construction team.
3 operating process
    3.1 Process flow:
    Principle is the first on the next, the first after the roof wall.
Primary treatment → sub-sub-lattice joints → apply the back cover coating → spray, roll, bomb the main coating →

Spray, roll, surface layer coating → paint finishing

    3.2 Primary treatment: the concrete or cement mortar plaster surface surface of the dust, dirt, splashes and mortar flow marks and other clean. While the grass-roots missing edge out angle, with 1: 3 cement mortar repaired; surface linen and the gap application polyvinyl acetate emulsion l, cement 5, water, a synthesis of putty filling flush, and with the same mix of putty Local putty putty, to be putty dry, polished with sandpaper.
    3.3 sub-lattice joints: First, according to the design requirements for hanging vertical, sets of square, looking for rules, playing sub-grid slot. This work must be strictly in accordance with the elevation control is good, must ensure that the building around to circle, but also consider the external wall coating engineering segment, should be sub-lattice. The wall of the corners of the water or down the pipe and other boundaries and construction joints, the vertical sub-lattice joints must be hanging straight, do not use the scale, or poor 3mm will be very obvious, the grid must be flat, smooth, Thickness consistent.
    3.4 The specific operating process requirements are:
    3.4.1 Brush: Brushing direction, the distance should be consistent, then Cha should be in the sub-grid joints. Such as the use of paint drying faster, should be reduced brush distance. Brush is generally not less than two, should be in the former one after the next paint brush table. The interval between the two coatings is generally 2 ~ 4h.
    3.4.2 Spraying: Spraying should be based on the type of paint used, viscosity, consistency, maximum particle size, to determine the type of spraying equipment, nozzle mouth, spray pressure, and the distance between the base and so on. General requirements of the gun running, the nozzle center line must be perpendicular to the wall, spray gun and the wall has a regular parallel to the movement, speed should be consistent. The coating should be left in the sub-grid joints. Do not spray paint and doors and windows of the site, should be carefully blocked. Spraying operation should generally be continuous, one survived.
    3.4.3 Roller coating: Roller coating operation should be based on the variety of paint, floral requirements to determine the type of roller. Operation in the roll on the dip in a small amount of paint, the wall in the pre-painted on the vertical back and forth rolling, should avoid distorting the snake.
    3.4.4 shells Tu: first brush in the grass-roots l ~ 2 primer coating, to be dry after the bomb Tu. Tu Tu, the Tu Tu of the machine mouth should be vertical, right wall, the distance to maintain 30 ~ 50cm, according to a certain speed from top to bottom, from left to right bomb Tu. The choice of embossing-type shells, the timely color point should be flattened.
    3.4.5 multi-layer coating: This is the bottom coating, the main coating, surface coating composition of the coating. The bottom coating can be sprayed, rolled, brushing any of the methods of construction. Spraying the main coating with spray, spray the size of flowers, density determined according to need. If you want to flatten the flower point, it should be in the spray point after the timely use of plastic or rubber roller dipped in gasoline or xylene flattened. After the main coating drying, you can paint the surface coating. Surface coating generally coated two, the time interval of about 2h.
    The three coatings of a multi-layer coating can be made of the same material, or of a different material. For example, in addition to the main coating can be used synthetic resin emulsion paint, silica sol coating, but also can be drawn from convenient, inexpensive polymer cement mortar spraying. Surface coating can also be based on the different requirements of gloss, respectively, the choice of water-based paint or solvent-based coatings. Sometimes you can also add a coating as needed.
    3.5 Dressing: Paint finishing work is very important, the main form of its dressing, there are two, one is with the construction with the dressing, which runs through the class after the completion of each sub-grid or one step rack; the other is the entire sub- After the completion of the sub-project, the organization should conduct a comprehensive inspection, such as the discovery of "leakage coating", "through the end", "flow fall" and other ills should be immediately trimmed and processed.
4 quality standards
    4.1 Warranty items
    4.1.1 Material, quality and color of the color spray coating meet the design requirements and have the product certificate, and must be used according to the product combination.
    4.1.2 between the plaster and the plaster layer and the coating must be firmly bonded, no delamination, hollowing and cracks and other defects.
    4.2 Basic Items:
    4.2.1 Spraying, rolling, coating and other surface color consistent, pattern, color point size uniformity, no significant access Cha, no Tu Tu, through the end of the flow and fall.
    4.2.2 sub-grid (seam) width and depth of uniform, smooth (slit), straight corners, flat vertical, smooth.
    4.2.3 The flowing direction is correct and the dripping line is straight. The depth and width of the drip tank are not less than 10mm, neat and consistent.
    4.3 Permissible deviation items, see Table 9-42.
                          Spray, Lacquer, and Bounce Tolerances Table 9-42
Line item Allowable deviation (mm) Inspection method
1 vertical vertical 5 2m cable tray inspection
2 surface smooth 4 2m by foot and feeler check
3 yin and yang angle vertical 4 2m care board inspection
4 Yin and Yang Founder 4 20cm square feet and feeler check
5 points grid (seam) Straight 3 pull 5m small line, less than 5m pull line and the amount of inspection
    Note: The above should be in the spray, roll, shells before construction, check the quality of the surface of cement mortar.

5 protection of finished products
    5.1 Before the construction should not be sprayed and Tu Tu doors and windows and wall cover to protect, to prevent contamination.
    5.2 spray, roll, bomb Tu completed, the board should be promptly protected with a wooden hole to prevent damage to the collision.
    5.3 When dismantling or turning the shelves, it is necessary to prevent collision between the wall and the pollution coating.
    5.4 oil workers in the construction operation is prohibited pedal has been completed construction site, should also be careful not to oil drums, paint contamination of the wall.
    5.5 indoor construction are not allowed to clear the garbage from the inside out, to prevent pollution spray. Rolling, coating the surface coating.
    5.6 balcony, rain cover and other outlets should adopt a rigid plastic pipe for the drainage pipe to prevent the use of iron pipe caused by the opposite layer of corrosion.
    5.7 paint before drying, should prevent the rain, dirt and hot air pollution, such as in the event, should be promptly processed.
    5.8 After the application tool is applied, it should be cleaned or soaked in the appropriate solvent to ensure the next continue to use.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
    6.1 spray, roll, surface layer hollowing, cracks: the main reason is the uneven structure of the basement, the bottom plaster thickness uneven, not according to the rules layering sub-base and sub-grid construction, as a large area of ​​cement mortar wiping, Not layering, drying shrinkage, will form hollow drum cracks; In addition, the surface layer, the grass-roots clean-up is not the net, the grass-roots relatively dry, also will face crack.
    6.2 Uneven color, the second repair then Croucher obvious: the main reason is not allowed to control the mixture, mixed with uneven material; spray, roll, stretching practices vary, or the thickness of the coating is different; the use of a single row of scaffolding construction, with the demolition With the plaster, with the spray, roll, bomb, because the second layer of repair the bottom of the gray layer and the original plaster layer moisture content is different, the surface layer after the construction of high water content, resulting in surface repair secondary access Clearly. Spray, roll, surface layer of the bomb to specify the person responsible for the construction, in order to operate the same way, the surface layer of uniform thickness control; prohibited single-row outside the shelf, such as the use of dual-shelf, such as the use of double- Exclusive shelf construction, the ban on the rod to be pressed on the wall, resulting in the second repair, affecting the appearance of the coating.
    6.3 bottom gray wipe the uneven, or wipe clear: the main reason is the spray, roll, shells thin coating, the bottom ash on the shortcomings, in order to cover up through the surface layer is not covered, so the bottom ash wipe , Should be tested according to the standard mortar cement mortar surface inspection, otherwise, affect the surface texture.
    6.4 surface layer of the construction was obvious: the main reason is the surface layer of construction will not be left in the inconspicuous place, but no plans to throw Cha Cha, the formation of surface layer of flowers. Solution: stay in the middle of the construction of rake must stay in sub-grid, expansion joints or pipe, such as the fall of the tube and other inconspicuous place, is strictly prohibited in the middle of the block Cha Cha. Second, then pay attention to the construction of the thickness of the coating, to avoid overlapping coating, the formation of local flowers.
    6.5 The color of the construction is very good, the pollution is not clear: the main reason is the color of the coating is not good choice, the completion of construction completed by the wind and rain and sun, color changes, surface finish when the pollution is unclear. Solution: the choice of anti-ultraviolet, anti-aging inorganic pigments, construction, strict control of water, half-way are not free to add water to maintain the same color; to prevent surface pollution, can be finished 24h after spraying a silicone, and Note that when spraying the same thickness to spray, it is necessary to prevent leakage spray, but also to prevent the flow or too thick, forming a sense of flowers.
7 Quality records
    This process standard shall have the following quality records:
    7.1 various types of paint factory certification.
    7.2 Sub-project quality checklist.

Prestressed Post - tensioning Tensioning Construction Technology

Prestressed Post - tensioning Method

1 range
    This process standard applies to the general industrial and civil construction site prestressed concrete post-tensioned hydraulic tensioning construction (not including components and block making).
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Materials and main equipment
    2.1.1 Prestressing tendons: The heat treatment of pre-stressed steel, steel wire, strand varieties, specifications, diameter, must meet the design requirements and national standards, should be factory quality certificate repeated test report. Cold-drawn Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ grade steel should also be cold-drawn mechanical properties of the test report.
    2.1.2 Prestressing tendons in the form of anchors, fixtures and connectors should be consistent with the design and application of technical requirements, should be factory certification, into the construction site should be "concrete construction and acceptance of the Code" (GB50204- 92) of the provisions of acceptance and assembly of the static load test.
    2.1.3 grouting cement shall not be less than 425, ordinary Portland cement or according to the design requirements, should be a factory certificate and re-test report card.
    2.1.4 The main machine has: hydraulic stretching machine, electric high-pressure pump, grouting equipment, test mode.
    2.2 Operating conditions
    2.2.1 The prestressing tensioning machine has been verified and documented. Check the tensioning equipment and equipment is normal and reliable, if found to have abnormal conditions, should be repaired before use. Grouting equipment ready.
    2.2.2 The strength of the concrete structure (or block) must meet the design requirements, such as the design is not required, should not be less than 75% of the design strength. The size, appearance quality, reserved hole and embedded parts of the component (or block) shall be inspected and checked and qualified. The assembled block shall be assembled and checked.
    2.2.3 anchor fixture, the connector should be ready, and after inspection and acceptance.
    2.2.4 Prestressed tendons or prestressed steel wire bundles have been completed.
    2.2.5 grouting with the cement slurry (or mortar) mix and the end of the concrete mix ratio has been experimentally determined.
    2.2.6 tensioning site should be smooth, smooth, tension at both ends of the security measures.
    2.2.7 has been technical to the end, and should be the prestressing tendons tension tonnage and the corresponding gauge pointer readings, steel calculated elongation value written on the card, and hung in a clear position, in order to observe the operation of the master.
3 operating process
    3.1 Process flow:
Check the component (or block)
↓
Prestressed tendons produced → wear prestressed tendons
↓
Anchorage inspection → installation and tensioning equipment Tensioning equipment pre-inspection
↓
La Zhang
↓
Grouting → making cement slurry test block
↓
Lifting ← pressure cement slurry test block
In this case,
    3.2 Check the components (or block): In particular, carefully check the tendons of the tunnel. The holes shall be of the correct size and position, smooth and smooth, without local bending. The embedded steel plate at the end of the tunnel shall be perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel. The grouting hole and vent shall meet the design requirements. Do not meet the requirements of the channel, to clean up or make good treatment.
    3.3 wear prestressed tendons.
    3.3.1 before wearing tendons, should check the steel (or beam) specifications, the total length is to meet the requirements.
    3.3.2 when wearing tendons, with the prestressed bar bolts Ruibian screw should be good to protect the thread, so as not to damage. Steel bars or wire bundles shall be numbered in a sequence of steel bars or steel wires and shall be fitted with a piercing beam. First, the steel or beam piercing the lead from one end into the tunnel, at the other end of the piercing, and then gradually to the steel or steel wire bundle to the other side.
    3.3.3 After putting on the steel bar, mark the beam number on the component so as to check it.
    3.4 installation of anchorage and tensioning equipment: the installation of anchorage and tensioning equipment, the straight line of prestressed tendons, tension lines should be so that the action line and the center line of the hole in the process of tension with each other overlap; the curve of prestressing tendons, should So that the tension line of action and the center point of the end of the tunnel tangent coincides with each other.
    3.5 Stretch:
    3.5.1 Prestressing tendon tensioning procedures, design requirements should be carried out, if the design is not specified, you can take one of the following procedures:
    3.5.1.1 0 → 105% σcon hold for 2min → σcon.
    3.5.1.2 0 → 103% σcon
    Σcon is the prestressing stress of prestressing tendon.
    3.5.2 Prestressing tendon tension in the order should meet the design requirements, when no specific requirements of the design, can be taken in batches, phased symmetrical tension.
    When using batch tension, should be calculated in batches of prestressed loss of tension, were added to the first tensioned prestressed tendons tension control stress value, or use the same tension by the root of the value of the reset complement.
    3.5.3 single prestressed coarse steel (tensile machine tension screw rod end) tension, it should be a little afterburner, the pad position according to the design requirements to identify, and then according to the provisions of the tensioning process tension. Tension is completed, with the board tighten the nut, the steel anchorage, measured the actual elongation of steel, and make tensioning records.
    3.5.4 prestressed steel wire towers with double-acting jacking taper anchor anchor when anchoring, should be the following requirements:
    3.5.4.1 Pre-Pull: After pulling out the wire for a short length, check whether the length of each wire is the same. If there is any inconsistency, the wedge should be retreated and then tightened to tighten the wedge.
    3.5.4.2 tension and pressure: pre-tension adjustment after the tension in accordance with the provisions of tensioning process. Tension is completed, measured wire elongation value, bitter and in line with the provisions, can be the top pressure anchor. Top pressure anchor must be shut off when the tank oil, to the small tank into the oil, so that small cylinder piston top anchor.
    3.5.4.3 Checking: Jack is loaded into the unstretched end of the tension, tension to control stress, the top anchor. When both ends of the top tension is completed, should be measured steel wire slide into the anchor in the shrinkage of the amount of compliance requirements, if greater than the specified value, must be re-tensioning, back up losses.
    3.5.4.4 The number of wire breaks and slippage shall not exceed 3% of the total number of wires of the same cross-section, and only one strand of steel wire shall be allowed. Such as more than the above requirements must be re-tensioned, then the wire should be pulled to the original tension tonnage, Laxong anchor, with a steel drill slot into the pad plate, jammed anchor, and then return to the cylinder, The anchor is pulled out and the entire anchor is removed. Respectively, to check whether the anchor ring was pumped into the groove, whether the fine tooth was flattened anchor, if such cases, to exchange anchor, re-tensioning, if the anchor ring, anchor is still intact, then as long as the top Pressure to increase the pressure when the top anchor.
    3.6 Fill pre-stressed records.
    3.7 Grouting:
    3.7.1 grouting pore pressure water should be cleaned, and check the grouting holes, vent holes and prestressed tendons connected channels, otherwise, should be dealt with in advance.
    3.7.2 prestressed tendons should be completed as soon as possible after the completion of tunnel grouting to reduce the pre-should be lost.
    3.7.3 grouting pressure is generally 0.4 ~ 0.6MPa.
    3.7.4 grouting sequence should be on the next after the upper hole to prevent leakage of slurry to block the lower hole to the exhaust vents emerge after the thick slurry, which blocked the exhaust hole, and then grouting to 0.6MPa, to maintain l ~ 2min , You can plug the grouting hole.
    3.7.5 Make test block and pay attention to maintenance.
    3.8 pouring end of concrete or end protective treatment, and pay attention to concrete curing;
4 quality standards
    4.1 Warranty items:
    4.1.1 The variety and quality of the prestressed tendons must meet the design requirements and the relevant standards.
    Inspection methods: Check the factory quality certificate and test report card.
    4.1.2 The mechanical properties of the cold-drawn reinforcement shall comply with the design requirements and construction specifications.
    Inspection method: check the factory quality certificate, test report and cold-drawn record.
    4.1.3 Prestressed tendons used in the anchorage, fixture and connector quality must meet the design requirements and construction specifications and special requirements.
    Check the number: According to "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Concrete Structures" the sixth chapter 6.2.12 of the provisions of the sample.
    Inspection method: Check the factory certificate, hardness, static load anchorage performance and appearance size inspection report of anchor, clamp and connector.
    4.1.4 strength of concrete and block vertical seam concrete (mortar) strength, must meet the design requirements and construction specifications and requirements.
    Test method: Check with the conditions of conservation of concrete (mortar) test block test report.
    4.1.5 The anchorage stage The tension of the prestressed tendons at the tensioned end must be in accordance with the provisions of 6.3.9 of the Code of Concrete Construction.
    Inspection method: check the application of prestressing records.
    4.1.6 The strength of the cement slurry shall conform to the requirements of the design or construction specifications.
    Test method: a comprehensive observation and inspection of cement slurry test block test report.
    4.2 Basic Items:
    4.2.1 The percentage of deviation between the actual prestressed value and the design specified value shall not exceed ± 5%.
    Check the number: according to the number of different types of prestressed concrete projects, 10% of the sample, but not less than three kinds.
    Inspection method: check the application of prestressing records.
    4.2.2 Prestressed tendons (steel wire, strand or steel) the number of broken or slippage is strictly prohibited more than the same section of the structure of the total number of pre-stressed 3%, and a bunch of steel wire is not more than one.
    Check the number: full inspection.
    Inspection method: comprehensive observation and inspection of the application of prestressing records.
5 protection of finished products
    5.1 Components shall not be twisted and damaged during lifting.
    5.2 stacking site should be flat, solid, pad to be consistent from top to bottom.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
    6.1 Prestressed tension end of the set should meet the design requirements, when no specific requirements of the design should meet the following requirements:
    6.1.1 Prestressing tension in the process of core-pulling: When the prestressing tendon is longer than 24m, it should be tensioned at both ends. For straight-line prestressing tendons with a length of not more than 24m, La Zhang.
    6.1.2 Prestressing tension when pre-embedded bellows hole: For prestressing tendons and straight-line prestressing tendons with length greater than 30m, it is advisable to stretch at both ends. For straight-line prestressing tendons up to 30m in length, One end of tension.
    When more than one end of the same section of the tensile strength of the tendons, the tensioning side should be set at the two ends of the structure.
    When both ends of a prestressed tendons stretch at the same time, it is appropriate to first anchor at one end, and then make up the tension at the other end after the anchor.
    6.2 Over-lying pouring of the components, should be on the next level after the first layer of tension. In order to reduce the upper and lower layers due to friction caused by the loss of prestressing can be increased layer by layer tension. But the bottom tension should not be greater than the top tension of 5% (steel wire, strand, heat treatment steel) or 9% (cold drawn Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ grade steel), and the maximum tensile stress: cold drawing Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ Grade steel shall not exceed 90% of the yield strength, steel wire, strand shall not exceed 75% of the yield strength, heat treatment shall not exceed 70% of the standard strength. The deviation of the actual prestress value after tensioning shall not exceed 5% of the specified value.
    6.3 exposed after the length of the prestressed anchor, not less than 30mm. Anchors should be protected with end-capped concrete, and if exposed for long periods of time, measures should be taken to prevent corrosion.
    6.4 prestressed tendons after tension, the channel should be as soon as possible grouting. Multi-span continuous prestressing tendons connected with connectors should be filled with a span and then filled with a span, and should not be continuously grouted after completion of tensioning.
    6.5 channel grouting should be used not less than 425 number of ordinary Portland cement mortar configuration; for large pore channels can be mortar grouting. Mortar and mortar strength, should meet the design requirements, and should not be less than 20N / mm2.
    6.6 cement mortar water to cement ratio of 0.4 ~ 0.45, 3h after mixing the bleeding rate should be controlled at 2%, the maximum shall not exceed 3%, cement slurry can be mixed with non-corrosive effect of prestressed tendons admixture. Generally can be doped with 0.05% to 0.1% aluminum powder or 0.25% calcium lignosulfonate water reducing agent.
    6.7 When cold-drawn coarse steel bars are used as prestressing tendons, the end-bar screws must be welded and then cold-drawn to allow the individual butt-welded joints to undergo a cold-drawing test.
7 Quality records
    This process standard shall have the following quality records:
    7.1 Concrete component, block tensile strength test pressure test report sheet.
    7.2 pre-stressed tendons of the factory quality certificate or test report card.
    7.3 Cold-drawn records of prestressing tendons.
    Test report on mechanical properties of cold - drawn prestressed.
    Test Report on Welded Joints of Cold - drawn Prestressed.
    7.6 Certificate of prestressing tendons and connectors and inspection records.
    7.7 Prestressed tensioning equipment Verification records.
    7.8 Prestressing tensioning records.
    7.9 pre-stressed channel grouting test block strength test report form and cement factory certificate.
    Strength test report of concrete block and block standard.
    7.11 Other relevant information on design requirements.