Decorate completely manual--The third chapter

The third chapter to decorate
One, understand common engineering materials
(a) water supply and drainage pipeline
For a family to decorate, water supply and drainage pipeline is mainly refers to water supply pipeline section. Now on the market of pipe material is multifarious, users tend to touch. So, what kind, what suit to use?
1) galvanized iron pipe. Galvanized iron pipe usage is the largest of a material. Due to the corrosion of the galvanized iron pipe water heavy metal content is exorbitant, affect human body health, government departments in many developed countries and regions have begun to ban use galvanized iron pipe. At present our country is to phase out this type of pipeline.
2) copper tube. Copper pipe is a kind of more traditional but more expensive pipe material, durable and construction is convenient. In a lot of imported sanitary ware products, brass is preferred. Price is the most main reason, influence the usage of copper corrosion is on the one hand, the different factor.
3) stainless steel pipe. Stainless steel pipe is a kind of more durable material. But its price is higher, and the construction technology demand is higher, especially the material strength is hard, the processing is very difficult, so using less decoration engineering.
4) aluminous model multiple tube. Aluminous model multiple tube is of relatively popular a kind of canal on market, because its are qualitative light, durable and construction is convenient, its bending can be more suitable for use in the home. Its main drawback is that when used as hot water pipe, long-term heat bilges cold shrink can cause leakage of tube wall amlposition that.
5) stainless steel pipe. Stainless steel with aluminous model multiple tube on the structure, to a certain extent, the performance is more close. Also, due to the problem, the strength of steel construction is still more difficult.
6) PVC tube. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe plastic pipe is a kind of modern synthetic materials. But technology in recent years found that can make the PVC more soft chemical additive phthalein, impact on the kidney, liver, testes in the human body, can cause cancer, kidney damage, and destroys the human reproductive system, influence the development. In general, because of its strength is far can not adapt to the pipe pressure requirements, so rarely used in water pipe. In most cases, PVC pipe is suitable for the wire and tube and drainage pipes.
7) PP pipe. PP pipe points of kinds, respectively is:
(1) PP - B (block copolymerization polypropylene). Due to the melting technology are used in construction. Therefore also known as hot melt pipe. It avirulent, qualitative light, compression, anti-corrosive, making the material of a kind of promotion, but currently in use in the renovation of less also. Choose the less also. In general, this kind of material is not only suitable for cold water pipeline, also apply to hot water pipes, even pure drinking water pipe.
(2) PP - C (change of copolymerization polypropylene) tube. Basic performance with the plus or minus.
(3) PP - R tube (random copolymerization polypropylene). Basic performance.
PP - C, PP - B with similar physical properties of the PP - R, application scope are basically the same, alternative use in engineering. The main difference is: PP - C, PP - B material resistant to low temperature brittleness is better than that of PP - R; PP material with good resistance to high temperature PP - R - C, PP - B. In practice, when the liquid medium temperature 5 ℃ or less priority choose PP - C, PP - B tube; When the temperature of the liquid medium is 65 ℃ or higher, first choose pp-r pipe; When the temperature of the liquid medium is in 5 ~ 65 ℃, PP - C, PP - B and the use of the PP - R performance are basically identical.
(2) of the mud engineering base material
Cement, sand, in decorating a project belongs to the supplementary material, base material is indispensable in the project.
1. The cement
According to the color, can be divided into the black cement, white cement and cement color cement. Black cement is used to build by laying bricks or stones wall, metope of hot, more stickup ceramic tile; Most used to fill the white cement brick joints such as the purpose of the modification; Color cement used in the water more ornamental decoration projects and some artificial ground, such as terrazzo.
According to the composition, cement can be divided into Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag cement, ash, cement and fly ash cement, etc. We commonly used cement is ordinary Portland cement and Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement is the most commonly used, the weight of the ordinary bags of 50 kg.
According to the adhesion force, cement can be divided into different label. Countries in April 2001 to make a new standard cement mark. General new cement standard is: GBl75-1999 Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement, GBl344-1999 "slag Portland cement, ash Portland cement, Portland cement and fly ash, GBl2958-1999 composite Portland cement. Six standard to the MPa said strength grade of cement, such as 32.5, 32.5 R, 32.5, 42.5 R, etc., makes the value of strength grade and cement 28 day compressive strength indexes such as 32, 5, 32.5 R, 32.5, 42.5 R, etc., makes the value of strength grade and 28 day compressive strength of cement indicators at the same low. New standards also unified planning in our country the strength grade of cement, Portland cement strength grade six points three types, namely, 42.5, 42.5 R, 52.5, 52.5 R, 62.5, 62.5 R. Other five cement 3 grade 6 types, namely, 32.5, 32.5 R, 32.5, 42.5 R, 42.5, 52.5 R.
2. The sand
The sand is the necessary material in the cement mortar. If there is no sand in the cement mortar, then its solidification strength is almost zero.
From the specifications, can be divided into fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand. Sand particle size of 0.25 ~ 0.35 mm, fine powder diameter of 0.35 ~ 0.5 mm for sand, known as the coarse sand is greater than 0.5 mm. Generally it is recommended to use in domestic outfit in the sand.
From the source, the sand can be divided into the sand of the sea, river sand and sand mountain. In building decoration, the country was sand is strictly prohibited. The sand of the sea, while clean, high salt, will have a big impact the quality of engineering. To distinguish whether the sand of the sea, basically be to see whether contain ocean tiny shells in sand. Mountain sand due to rough surface, and thus the cement effect is good, but the mountain sand composition is complicated, most of the soil and other organic impurities. So, generally in the decoration process, use of river sand is recommended. Surface roughness is moderate, river sand and relatively clean, less impurities. Generally, from on the market to buy back the sand sieve rear can use.
3. The additives
Using cement mortar additive aims to strengthen its cohesion and flexibility, the main varieties are:
1) 107 glue (PVF). Due to the 107 adhesive containing toxins, environmental pollution, the current domestic have begun to ban the use of some city.
2) white latex (poly vinyl acetate emulsion). , the performance is better than 107 glue, but the price is relatively high.
4. To cement, mortar mix
In general, the home installs in the cement, mortar ratio is about 1:3) (cement, sand, water dosage should be given priority to with the visual sense, shoulds not be too dry, also cannot too thin. The additive should not be more than 40%.
5. Red brick
Red brick generally made from clay, on the basis of the soil around the different, color is not exactly the same. In general, clay or cinder brick is made of sturdy.
Due to the need to take the clay making red brick, from a specific perspective, can destroy crops or natural vegetation, combined with the structure bearing problem, so the state has banned the use of red brick in the building.
Red brick specification is in commonly 225 mm X 105 mm X 70 mm (tolerance + / - 5 mm).
6. Hollow brick
Hollow brick is the commonly used wall material, construction industry in recent years due to advantages such as light, less consumption of raw material has become the first national construction department recommended products. Hollow brick of common manufacturing raw material is clay and coal ash, the general specification is 240 mm 240 mm X 115 MMX.
7. Caulking agent
Color masonry filled seam an agent is a kind of one-component polymer modified cement base dry mixing mortar, powder, domestic commonly used small package sales. Although listed earlier in foreign countries, but at home and a new gadget. It has the characteristics of durable, waterproof, compression, is generally caulking material substitute for white cement, used for senior decoration engineering, can be filled with all kinds of stone material and ceramic tile aperture.
There are two kinds of mixing way:
(1) some water (about 5.5 ~ 6.5 L), no particles as paste and stir until evenly.
(2) the first to add water in the bucket, then slowly add powder, and stir until evenly without pieces, into a paste. Let stand for 5 ~ 10 minutes, then stir slightly after use.
Using gap gap filling agent, should not be less than 1 mm, and with 1 ~ 5 mm advisable; Also has a wide seam, namely gap in 6 ~ 12 mm.
(3) oil paint
We also call it the paint coating, the habit. Whether senior decoration, or ordinary to decorate, can use the paint. Paint the first function is to protect the surface, the second function is modified. In wood, because wood surface is a porous structure, not resistant to dirt, surface section more eyes at the same time, are beautiful enough. And Gan lacquer can solve these problems at the same time,
Here are the kinds of paint, selecting, and matters needing attention. Because of the paint so many varieties, of course, we only introduce the part belong to decorate.
1. The classification of the paint
1) according to the position classification. Paint consists of wall paint, wood coatings and metallic paint. Wall paint exterior wall paint, interior wall paint and top surface paint, mainly varieties such as emulsioni paint; Wood coatings are mainly the nitro paint, polyurethane paint, etc.; Metallic paint mainly enamel.
2) according to the state classification. The paint can be divided into water-based paint and oil paint. Emulsioni paint is water-based paint, and
Paint, polyurethane paint, belong to oily paint.
3) according to the function classification. The paint can be divided into waterproof, mouldproof coatings, fire retardant paint, anti-mosquito paint and has a variety of multi-function paint, etc.
4) according to the shape classification. The paint can be divided into volatile paint and volatile paint.
5) according to the classification of surface effect. The paint can be divided into transparent, translucent, and opaque.
2. The varieties of paint
1) wood coatings.
(1) the nitrocellulose lacquer. Nitrocellulose varnish is composed of nitrocellulose, alkyd resin, plasticizer, and organic solvents and transparent lacquer, volatile paint, has the characteristics of quick drying, soft luster. Nitrocellulose lacquer is divided into light, half matte and matte three, can choose according to need. Lacquer also has its disadvantages: low humidity weather easily efflorescence, fullness, low hardness.
(2) the brushing paint. Belong to the lacquer with nitrocellulose lacquer, it is composed of nitrocellulose, all kinds of synthetic resin, pigments and organic solvent modulation and become a kind of transparent paint. The paint for the construction of artificial and preparation, more has the characteristics of fast.
(3) of the lacquer main auxiliary agent:
A. days that water. It is made of esters, alcohols, benzene, ketones and other organic solvent mixture of a colorless transparent liquid with banana flavour smell, main harmonic lacquer and curative effect.
B. whitewater. Also known as white water proof, scientific name for ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Construction in wet weather, the paint film will have hair white phenomenon, appropriate to join dilution dose nitro magnetized water can be removed by 10% ~ 15%.
(4) polyester paint. It is made of polyester resin as main film former a thick paint. Polyester paint of paint film plump, thick hard. Polyester paint also have varieties of varnish, polyester varnish.
Polyester paint in construction process the need for curing, the curing agent one third of the total quantity of paint. The curing agent, also known as curing agent, its main composition is TDI (toluene diisocyanate). These in the free state of TDI will become yellow, not only make furniture surface yellowing, and can make the neighboring metope yellow, this is polyester paint a big failing. Currently on the market has been yellowing resistant polyester paint, but also can achieve the "yellow", also can't completely prevent yellowing. In addition, beyond the standard free TDI will cause harm to human body. [see the contents of the four (3) of this chapter.
(5) polyurethane paint. Polyurethane coating polyurethane paint. Its paint film strength, gloss plump, adhesion, water resistance, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, is widely used in advanced wood furniture, also can be used for metal surface. Its shortcomings are mainly in tidal blister, paint film pulverization, etc.; With polyester paint, there are yellow. Polyurethane paint varnish varieties known as polyurethane varnish '
2) interior wall paint. Mainly divided into water-soluble paint and latex paint interior wall paint. General decoration is the emulsion coating of paint latex paint used, according to the base material is different, divided into two kinds, poly vinyl acetate emulsion and acrylic emulsion. Emulsioni paint with water as diluent, is a kind of construction is convenient, safe, washable, permeability is good paint and modulate different according to different color scheme.
Is mainly composed of water emulsion paint, paint, latex, filler, and various additives. These raw materials are non-toxic, mainly that may contain toxic film-former in ethylene glycol and organic mercury in the mould.
Currently on the market contain lots of so-called "emulsioni paint, formaldehyde is water soluble paint, rather than the emulsioni paint, some unscrupulous vendors is to use the inferior water soluble paint fake emulsioni paint. So, choose are available and keep ventilated, is a effective way to prevent pollution.
3) the exterior wall paint. Exterior wall latex paint basic similar performance to the inside wall emulsioni paint. But it is hard, stronger ability to resist water. Commonly used in exterior wall exterior emulsion, can also be used in places such as the bathroom damp.
Of course, within the exterior wall latex paint can be used, but please don't try to use of inside wall emulsioni paint.
4) fire retardant paint. Fire retardant paint is composed of film-former, flame retardants, foaming agent and other materials as a kind of flame retardant coatings. Due to the extensive use of wood, cloth and other flammable materials in household, as a result, fire prevention is worth a mention of the issue.
3. The choice of paint
(1) according to their own needs to choose the right paint. Do not blindly pursuing a "senior", more do not covet is cheap to buy some inferior products.
(2) in stores or large stores to buy as far as possible, at the same time to pay attention to the quality of their packaging.
(3) do not want credulous advertisement publicity of data, you need to care about, only the product is in compliance with national standards (GB).
(4) glass
Glass, has been widely used in decorating, from exterior Windows to indoor screen, doors, etc.
Simply points, glass is mainly divided into two categories, flat glass and special glass. Method of flat glass is mainly divided into three kinds, namely on flat glass (slotted, no two), between flat glass and float glass. Float glass due to the thickness, smooth surface parallel, coupled with high productivity and good management, and other factors, is becoming the mainstream of the glass. While special glass many varieties. The following according to the common varieties - a introduction in decorating.
2. The flat glass
1) 3 ~ 4 mm glass. In the glass thickness, call mm (mm/known as "li". We say at ordinary times of 3 mm glass is refers to the thickness of 3 mm glass. Glass is mainly used for surface of the frame of this specification.
2) 5 ~ 6 mm glass. Mainly used for exterior wall in the modelling of the small area such as window, door leaf pervious to light.
3) 7 ~ 9 mm glass. Mainly used for indoor screen in area but there is another framework such as the modelling of protection.
4) 9 ~ 10 mm of glass. Can be used for the interior partition, railings and other large projects.
5) 11 ~ 12 mm glass. Can be used for the floor spring glass doors and some of the activities and the larger the partition of stream of people.
6) more than 15 mm glass. Sales less on common market, often need to place an order, it is mainly used for large-area floor spring glass door wall of the whole piece of glass wall.
2. Other glass
Other glass, but the author in the classification for flat glass, is not the official classification. Mainly include:
1) toughened glass. It is a common plate glass processed and become a kind of pre-stressed glass. toughened
Relative to ordinary flat glass, glass has two characteristics:
(1) the intensity of the former is the latter several times, tensile degrees is 3 times more than the latter, the impact resistance is 5 times more than the latter
(2) the toughened glass is not easily broken, even if broken will be in the form of particles without acute Angle fracture, the harm of human body is reduced greatly.
2) frosted glass. It is above the ordinary flat glass grinding. More than a thickness below 9 mm, in the majority with 5, 6 mm thickness.
3) gush arenaceous glass. Performance is basically similar to ground glass, the difference is to grind arenaceous for sand blasting. Due to both the same on the vision, many owners, and even decorate professionals confuse them. .
4) figured glass. It was made of the rolling method is a kind of flat glass. Its biggest characteristic is pervious to light is opaque, much used in the bathroom decorate area, etc. :
5) wired glass. Is the method of rolling, the metal wire or metal mesh embedded in the glass plate made of a kind of shock plate glass, the crash will only be formed when the radial crack and not fall down, so the more used in high-rise building strong shocks and workshop.
6) insulating glass. More connection with glue will maintain a certain interval, two pieces of glass is dry air in the interval, sealing the surrounding with a sealing material, mainly used for sound insulation requirements of decoration engineering.
7) sandwich glass. Generally speaking, two pieces of ordinary plate glass laminated glass (also can be toughened glass or other special glass) and organic glue layer between the glass. When damaged, debris still clung on rubber, avoids the splinters of harm to human body. Used to have more security requirements of decoration project.
8) bulletproof glass. In fact is a kind of sandwich glass, glass use strength more than just a
High toughened glass, and the number of interlayer is relatively more and more used in a bank or a person of extraordinary powers curtilage, etc to decorate a project safety requirements is very high.
9) hot bending glass. Soften by plate glass heat forming in the mold, then through annealing the surface of the glass. Decorate in some advanced in frequency is higher and higher, need reservation, no spot.
10) glass block. The making craft of glass block basic and flat glass, different molding method. Room for dry air, among them there is a requirement for insulation used for decorative items or more modelling of pervious to light.
11) cellophane. Also known as the glass membrane, with a variety of colors and color. According to the different performance of paper film with different performance. Most of the heat insulation, infrared, uv protection, explosion-proof, and so on. •
3. The matters of attention in the construction and use
(1) in the process of transportation, it is important to note that the fixed and soft pads. Generally recommended erect method of transportation. The motion of the vehicle also should pay attention to maintain steady and slow.
(2) the other side of the glass were closed, must pay attention to the good clean surface before installation. It is best to use specialized, with glass cleaner and to wait for after its are confirmed no stain rear can be installed. When installation, it is best to use clean gloves buildings.
(3) the glass installation, fixed to the use of silicone sealant; The Windows installation, such as still need used with rubber sealing strip, etc.
(4) after the completion of the construction, attention should be paid to labeled with collision avoidance warning signs, like flying can be used not stem tip stick, color electrician tape, etc.
(5) the wooden plank
Wooden building materials is the frequently used materials in domestic outfit, as users of different plates are not familiar with these qualities, tend to cause a series of problems. Here introduce wooden building materials, mainly wood plywood.
1. The classification of the board
1) according to the material classification. Divided into two categories: solid wood and man-made board. Now in addition to the floor and door leaf will use real wood, the plate is in general use manual processing of man-made board.
2) according to the classification. Can be divided into solid board, plywood, fiberboard, decorative panels, fire prevention board, etc.
2. The varieties of the board
1) solid board. As the name implies, the solid board is the use of complete wood wood plank. The pattern plate durable, for nature, is the best of the selected in decorating. But as a result of such plate cost is high, and high construction technology requirements, used in the decoration but not much. Solid board generally classified according to plank material name, there is no uniform standard.
2) the real wood floor. The use of real wood floor is a very significant of improving Chinese family life quality symbol. Real wood floor has the advantage of solid wood, but because it is composed of industrial production lines, uniform, so the construction is easy, even faster than other board construction. The downside is the technology demand is higher, if the eagerness levels is not enough, often causing bulging, deformation and a series of problems. The canonical name of real wood floor and common performance please turn over the table.
The name of real wood floor is composed of the name of the wood and edge processing. Edge processing mainly divides into the flat the tongue-and-groove (no), tongue-and-groove, double tongue-and-groove 3 kinds. The flat floor belong to product of elimination, and double tongue-and-groove floor because the technology is not mature is not small, so the most laid floor belong to single tongue-and-groove floor, said general tongue-and-groove floor is also refer to a single tongue-and-groove floor.
Depending on the paint processing, also can be divided into the paint of real wood floor board and board two kinds. Paint plate refers to before they go out
Have good paint, while the element plate hasn't been painted. Paint plate construction period is short, but the surface roughness element board,
There will be a little rough. Plate construction period is slow, generally 1 to 2 times more than paint plate, but the surface is flat and level.
3) the compound floor. Compound floor, also called aggrandizement wood floor. Some companies for different purposes, tend to give the product a different name, such as super wood floor, diamond to the floor. No matter how complex, how its name is different, these plank belong to compound floor. As we called the helicopter into a helicopter, we call these plank call "compound floor" instead of "compound wood floor. For this kind of floor is the standard name: impregnated paper laminated wood floor.
Compound floor generally consists of four layers material compound: the underlying, base material layer and wear-resisting layer, adornment layer. The wear-resisting layer of revolution decided the service life of compound floor.
(1) the bottom. Made of polyester materials, moistureproof effect.
(2) base material layer. Generally made from density board, depending on the different density of density board, also low density board, medium density board and high density board.
(3) the decorative layer. Is (imitation of real texture is given priority to) with a specific design of special paper into three gather hydrogen ammonia after soaking in the solution, through chemical processing, using three gather hydrogen ammonia after heat reaction characteristics of the chemical properties of stability, no longer react to make this paper a kind of adornment layer of beautiful and durable.
(4) wear-resisting layer. Is evenly on the surface layer of aggrandizement floor wear-resisting agent composed of a layer 3 oxidation 2 aluminium. 3 oxidation 2 aluminium content and the thickness of thin film determines the wear-resisting revolution. Per square meter including 3 oxidation 2 aluminium about 30 g the wear-resisting layer of about 4000 RPM revolutions, content is the wear-resisting revolution of 38 g approximately 5000 turn, content is the wear-resisting revolution of 44 g should be around 9000 RPM. Content and membrane, the greater the RPM is higher, and the more wear-resisting.
The shortcomings of compound floor is laid area, there will be a whole bulging deformation phenomenon. Because of its compound and into. Edges between plate and easy to wear broken things.
4) splint. Plywood, also calls the plywood, inline valley said fine core board, by three layer or multilayer 1 mm thick veneer or glue stick hot pressing plate. It is the most commonly used at present in handmade furniture materials. Splint is generally divided into 3 mm, 5 mm plate, 9 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm plate and 18 mile board of six kinds of specification (1 mile 1 mm).
5) decorative panel. Decorative panels, commonly known as the panel is cut solid board precision plane into a thickness of 0.2 mm or so thin wood veneer, plywood as base material, through adhesive process is made and be become with single adornment effect of the decorative plate. It is the special way of plywood is thickness is 3 mm. Decorative panel is the current practice is different from the mixture of a senior decoration materials.
6) joinery board. Joinery board, inline common weighs big core board. Big core board is composed of two veneer glued the middle pressure joining together. Big core board is cheaper than fine core board, the vertical (in the core material to distinguish) bending strength is poor, but the transverse flexural strength is higher.
7) particle board. Particieboard is broken material with wood as the main raw material, adding glue, additives compressed into a thin plate. According to the suppressing method can be divided into two categories, extrusion particieboard, flat crush particieboard.
The main advantage of such a plank is very cheap price. Its shortcomings are obvious: poor strength. Make larger or powerful learning is generally not suitable for the demand of furniture.
8) density board. Density board, also known as fiber board, wood fiber or other plant fiber as raw materials, applying urea-formaldehyde resin or other applicable adhesive made from man-made plank. According to its density is different, divided into high density board, MDF, low density board.
Density board because soft impact resistance, but also easy to rework, abroad is a good type of wood for making furniture, but due to the national standard about high density board several times lower than the international standard, so the density board in our country, the use of quality remains to be improved.
9) fire prevention board. Fire prevention board is to use the siliceous material or calcium as the main raw material, with a percentage of the fiber materials, light aggregate and binder, and chemical additive mix, after autoclaved technology made of decorative plates. It is more and more use of a new type of material, its use is not just because of fire prevention. The construction of fire prevention board is higher, to the requirement of paste glue quality good fire prevention board is also more expensive decoration panel. The thickness of fire prevention board is 0.8 mm, 1 mm and 1.2 mm.
10) melamine board. Melamine plate, full name is the melamine melamine-impregnated paper veneer man-made board. It is with different color or texture of paper and put it in the melamine resin adhesive glue soaking, then drying to the curing degree, the shop outfit is in particieboard, medium density beaverboard or hardboard surface, into a thin veneer of by hot pressing.
Melamine board is a kind of metope adornment material. Now someone with melamine plate of fake compound floor for decoration, it is not appropriate.
(6) the comparison of real wood floor and compound floor
1. About the arch since
A lot of friends abandon and choose compound floor of real wood floor because real wood floor more easily bulging. Actually this idea is worthy of study.
First, we need to focus on an objective reality that decorate a team of quality on the market is uneven, and real wood floor is a fragile thing, can't cope with. So, will cause a lot of this kind of problem.
For example, a friend talked about the problem of real wood floor: his home after the end of last year on the shop floor, whole decorate floor already springing, unfinished work in April this year has been repaired 3 times, even the door switch may not arch.
I simply asked some cases, a hearing, I was thinking about the problem. First of all, at that time, in order to beautiful, did not leave the expansion joints of the floor, it violated the laws of nature, because everything exists lightly heat bilges cold shrink. Especially in the cold floor, in the cold state at the time, in order to look good doing sewing small, in the hot weather don't hog is not possible. Secondly, for the sake of so-called fixed, and the heavy use of glue. Here are some details: if is plain board, then use white latex or 903 glue is no problem, the principle is to let the moisture absorption of the arch since the floor itself, and then polished, it wouldn't have any change; If lacquer board, it is recommended that the drops of glue need not, must use can only use a small amount of 903 glue, absolutely can't use white latex, at a time when the decoration company to do with white latex. Because white latex are water-based glue,
Wood floor moisture absorption must bulging.
As a professional camera in a don't understand the operation of the hands of men, even than a fool camera, but we can't say professional camera is bad, in fact the bulging problem of real wood floor, by reason or some operation performance of the board does not, cannot treat as the same.
In fact, the problem of compound floor because laid, although not local bulging, but the overall bulging. Because compound floor at the central position of the room and no fixed point, based on the law of nature, compound floor also hard to avoid can have heat bilges cold shrink, so, a lot of compound floor to go up, there will be a soft feeling, this is because the arch.
2. About the wear-resisting
Objectively speaking, the surface of compound floor is than real wood floor wear-resisting. But one thing still need to know that part of the compound floor wear-resisting only o. 8 mm, and the thickness of real wood floor is 18 mm, compound floor is 22 times.
The other one is on edge fracture problem, although on the surface of compound floor is wear-resisting, but the edges are the most vulnerable part of. Long-term use of compound floor, broken above all is here. So, the wear-resisting is conditional.
3. About the maintenance
The front also said, real wood floor is more fragile thing, and compound floor is more convenient. Like we wear clothes, people like to wear clothes fabric, could not understand - what people spend money to buy a leather jacket, will have to pay regularly to the dry cleaners and maintenance. For the use of real wood floor, have to spend a little effort, who let you like the gorgeous and comfortable? And a lot of people and knowledge without the proper use and maintenance of real wood floor, tend to exaggerate the maintenance workload. In fact, in the case of compound floor, there are also the need of maintenance, just different form. .
4. About the waterproof
I see in building materials market, once a building materials store in showing compound floor, said the compound floor bubble in water is not deformation, and then said how how real wood floor. Actually that is not accurate, because everyone, in ancient times, even in modern times, a lot of ship hull is made of wood. Actually to make real wood floor waterproof method is very simple, is painted on the six sides paint, paint wrap, can have the whole board will be affected with damp be affected with damp deformation?
Of course, want to let the whole floor structure is not afraid of water, the first is to the whole process are waterproof, this involves the problem of budget. Currently under the condition of the whole industry to price competition, who are not willing to go to more - working procedure, and the whole ground of bubble in water is almost zero.
As far as I know, there are a called oil wood floor (darker) color, because itself contains oily, so even if you don't make any processing, in the water, even 50 years is estimated, so compound floor 2 hours may be dwarfed by comparison.
5. About environmental protection
Compound floor factory of compound floor is the meaning of environmental protection, first do not need to cut down too much wood, save resources; The second meaning is contained less pollutants; The third meaning is itself quite a part of the raw materials from waste recycling. If only from the sense that the pollution-free itself because real wood floor is natural so do not contain any pollutants. 6. About the price
The raw material of real wood floor growth needs time and a lot of cultivating work, so the cost per unit than the industrialized production of compound floor is much higher. So the higher the price of real wood floor of course.
7. After the floor is the commercial floor
Many vendors propaganda, compound floor is a new product in the new century, the tide of Europe and the United States, etc. In fact, in Europe and the United States, the first use of compound floor is as commercial floor, it is mainly used for decoration such as shops; Compound floor is rarely office decoration, more use of carpet. Of course, this does not mean compound floor will not be able to use in the family. I think there is a personal choice or cost considerations.
Finish see I said above, if think I'm in the maintenance of real wood floor, actually otherwise. As a result of real wood floor manufacturer rarely promote their brands, so we may know less about it. With the increasingly development of science and technology, new products will appear constantly. Personally, I think both compound floor and real wood floor, is reasonable, have their own strengths, the client shall, according to his be fond of purpose, economic strength and so on comprehensive consideration to choose.
(7) porcelain brick
Currently on the market of ceramic tile breed more let a person dazzling. Let's look at their respective characteristics.
1. Glazed tile
1) classification. As the name implies, glazed tile is the surface of the brick after burn glair brick processing.
(1) according to the different classification of raw materials.
A. ceramic glazed tile. Composed of clay fire, bibulous rate is higher, intensity is relatively low. Its are main the feature is rear color in red.
B. porcelain glazed tiles. By porcelain clay fire and into, bibulous rate is inferior, strength is relative taller. Its are main the feature is rear color is gray.
Note that the above the comparison of water absorption and intensity are relative, at present there are some ceramic glazed pottery of the water absorption and intensity is higher than porcelain glazed pottery.
(2) according to the different classification of luster.
A glazed tile. Agree with make "clean" the effect.
B dumb smooth glazed pottery. Agree with make "vogue" the effect.
2) common problems. Glazed pottery is decorated in the most common brick, because color pattern is rich, and anti-fouling ability is strong,
So are widely used to decorate metope and ground. Common quality is always there are mainly two aspects:
(1) crack. The fundamental cause of cracking is between the billet and glaze layer stress is beyond the the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient between the billet glaze. When the glaze is larger than the thermal expansion coefficient of billet, glaze on cooling contraction is greater than the body, glaze is tensile stress. When the tensile stress is greater than the glaze layer can bear ultimate strength, can produce crack phenomenon.
(2) the permeability. No matter which kind of brick, water absorption is natural, but when the body density is too loose, it is not just water, but the permeability of cement, the cement of sewage may seep to the surface.
3) commonly used specifications. Square glazed tile has a 152 mm X 152 mm and 200 mm X 200 mm, rectangular glazed pottery has a 152 mm X 200 mm and 200 mm X 300 mm specifications, the commonly used glazed tile thickness for 5 mm and 6 mm.
2. The body brick
The surface of the body brick not glaze, and the positive and negative material and colour and lustre is consistent, hence the name.
Brick is a kind of wear-resisting brick, although there are still ooze to spend body brick and other varieties, but relatively speaking, its design and color is not glazed pottery. As a result of current interior design more and more inclined to plain coloured design, so the brick is becoming more and more become a kind of fashion, are widely used with the footpath outdoor at hall hall, corridor, and decoration projects such as the ground; Can use lesser commonly at metope. Most of the prevent slippery brick all belong to the brick.
Of the specifications of the commonly used body brick, 300 mm * 300 mm, 400 mm * 400 mm, 500 mm * 500 mm, 600 mm * 600 mm, 800 mm * 800 mm, etc.
3. The polishing brick
Polishing brick is the brick tile body surface polished and become a kind of shining brick, belong to the brick of a kind. Is relative to the body brick and character, polishing brick surface is much more bright and clean. Polishing brick hard wear-resisting, suit in the most and interior space beyond closet, kitchen. On the basis of the USES ooze to spend a technology, polishing brick is ok make result of wood of all sorts of copy stone, copy.
Polishing brick has a fatal flaw: easy to dirty. It was of polishing brick when polishing bump caused by porosity. These pores can shelter evil people and practices, even some tea poured on the polishing brick is too big. ,
Perhaps the industry realized it, then some good quality in polishing brick factory add a layer of coating, but the antifouling layer and the effect of polishing brick lost body brick. If you want to continue to connect body, had to continue to brush coating. Decoration industry also have typed before construction water wax to prevent sticking dirt.
Polishing brick of commonly used specifications is 400 mm * 400 mm, 500 mm * 500 mm, 600 mm * 600 mm,
800 mm * 800 mm, 900 mm * 900 mm, 1000 mm * 1000 mm.
4. Bo changes a brick
In order to solve the problem of polishing brick appear easy dirty, appeared on the market a bo changes a brick. Bo changes a brick is complete ceramic tile actually. Its surface is bright and clean but do not need polish again, so nonexistent polish hole problem.
Bo changes a brick is a kind of strengthening polishing brick, it USES high temperature fire and become. Quality of a material is harder than polishing brick more and more wear-resisting. No doubt, its price is also higher.
Bo changes a brick basically is ground brick, commonly used specifications is 400 mm * 400 mm, 500 mm * 500 mm, 600 mm * 600 mm, 800 mm * 800 mm, 900 mm * 900 mm, 1000 mm * 1000 mm.
Mosaic of 5.
Mosaic is the brick of means of a kind of special existence, it is general by tens of piece small brick comprises an opposite big brick. It with small and exquisite, glow be widely used in, metope and ground of indoor small area the size outdoor metope and ground.
1) classification. ,
(1) ceramic Mosaic. Is one of the most traditional Mosaic, is famous for its small and exquisite, but relatively drab, low grade.
(2) the marble Mosaic. Is a Mosaic of medium-term development, rich and colorful, but the acid and alkaline poor, waterproof properties is bad, so the market is not very good.
(3) the glass Mosaic. The colorful glass bring vitality to the Mosaic. On the basis of the variety of glass is different, is divided into a variety of small varieties: •
A. the molten glass Mosaic. In silicate as the main raw material, such as melt forming at high temperature and opacifying or half opacifying shape, containing a small amount of bubbles and molten particles of glass Mosaic.
B. sintering glass Mosaic. Is the glass powder as main raw materials, adding suitable amount of adhesives such as compressed into a certain size of green, under a certain temperature of sintering glass Mosaic.
C. Venus glass Mosaic. Is containing a small amount of bubbles and a certain amount of metal crystal particles, has obvious with light flashing glass Mosaic.
2) commonly used specifications. Mosaic commonly used specifications have MMX 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm X 30 mm X 25 mm, thickness is 4 ~ 4.3 mm.
Still have on market other the name of multifarious brick, but no matter how its name, basically can delimit the above varieties.
The choice of brick of 6.
Besides color as you like, you also choose seriously: first took any four ceramic tile from the packing box, on the flat ground compare the four brick is smooth and consistent, ceramic tile is diagonal and the diagonal place scarf. And hit with the palm of ceramic tile surface, listen to the voice: good ceramic tile voice is low; And the ceramic tile of bad sound and bright, and have obvious echoes. Up from sound rating of good or bad, of course, is relative. But the first comparative method underestimates, the biggest difference between domestic and imported brick mainly on the consistency of the specifications of the ceramic tile products.
Natural stone and artificial stone (eight)
1. Natural stone
Mainly divided into two kinds: natural stone marble and granite. In general, anyone who has a texture, called the "marble"; Is given priority to with some spots, known as the "granite". This is from the broad sense. From the narrow sense, refers to the yunnan Dali produced stone marble. In fact, now no stone is Dali out across the country.
Both also can distinguish from geological concept. Granite is igneous rock, also known as acidity crystallization plutonic rock, is one of the most widespread in igneous rock, rock is composed of feldspar, quartz and mica, rock hard and dense. Its content is given priority to with silica, accounts for about 75%, 650 / ~.
Alleged igneous rock is subterranean magma or volcanic eruption of lava condensation crystallization of rock. Igneous rock, feldspar content of silica in the nature and content of determine the nature of stone material. More than 65% when the content of silicon dioxide, belongs to the acid rock, the rock of potash feldspar, plagioclase, quartz basic kuang formation of crystals, such as a granular structure, is called a granite.
Marble is the rock in the lithosphere forms through action of high temperature and high pressure inside the earth's crust of metamorphic rocks. Internal force makes original of all kinds of rocks in the earth's crust has qualitative changes, namely, the original rock structure, construction and kuang composition change. The new rock that forms through qualitative called metamorphic rocks.
Marble is mainly composed of calcite, limestone, serpentine and dolomite. Its main composition is given priority to with calcium carbonate, which accounts for about 50%. Because marble is generally contains impurities, and calcium carbonate by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, carbide, the effect of moisture, also easy to weathering and dissolution, and make the surface soon lose its luster. General nature marble is more soft, this is relative to the case of granite.
Because of natural stone material surface pores, so in terms of fouling resistance relative difference some, generally in processing plants will be processed on the surface. In indoor decoration, television mesa, windowsill, indoor ground suit to use marble. The mesa of doorsill, ambry, ground outdoor suits to use granite. Among them ambry mesa had better be to use brunet granite.
Now on the market sales of natural stone material, part of the colour and lustre is through artificial processing, these stone commonly used six months to a year will reveal its true face. The most obvious is the dark green now on the market, many of them are dyed, and is not a true primary.
Another note on the back of the grid, there are two situations: (1) the stone itself brittle, must add grid, such as Spain cream-colored. (2) to cut corners, the stone material thickness was thin, strength is not enough, so add the grid. General color dark stone if there is a grid, most is for this reason.
2. Artificial stone
Artificial stone is based on unsaturated polyester resin adhesives, match with natural marble or calcite, dolomite, silica sand, glass powder, such as inorganic powder, and the right amount of smoldering agent, color, etc., through mixing, pouring and vibrating compression molding, extrusion, etc made of curing. Man-made stone material is natural stone material based on the actual problems in use and research, it is in moistureproof, acid proof, alkali proof, high temperature resistant, together have a great progress on sex. Of course, the disadvantages of artificial things natural artificial, man-made stone general naturalness is obviously insufficient, the texture is relatively false, so much used in ambry and places of higher requirements for utility, as well as some bad environment, such as kitchen, bathroom, etc.; Windowsill, ground stress such as decorative, with less.
Another obstruction of artificial stone use factor is the human factor. Because of man-made stone craft difference is very big, performance and features are not completely consistent, therefore the above advantages and must be you have paid for the performance of the artificial stone. Currently on the market to import artificial stone is better in performance. Import marble allows, for instance, scratches on the surface of the sand paper burnish, it is no longer obvious, the user's own processing and a lot of homebred man-made stone apparently does not support this kind of practice, the polishing the rotten.
Artificial stone of choose and buy, it is better to take a piece of sample ELieXing experiment was carried out, such as soy sauce or oil and abrasion experiment was carried out.
To sum up, whether to choose which kind of stone material, according to the different place, purpose and personal economic ability.
(9) natural culture stone and artificial culture stone
Culture stone is in domestic adornment use derived from abroad. Although our country have long used similar metope processing, but is usually used for outdoor. In the early 1990 s, the concept of culture stone into our country, the culture stone basically is imported.
Use of culture stone is after 1999, when the domestic began to appear many domestic or joint venture of culture stone manufacturers. Market competition makes the price dropped substantially, now, cheap culture stone 100 yuan/m squared can buy, but a little bit better, that is, about 300 yuan/m squared.
What is "culture stone"? Simple in a word, culture stone is used for indoor and outdoor, size is less than 400 mmx400mm, rough surface of natural or artificial stone, the "400 mm size less than 400 MMX, rough surface" is the main characteristics of the two.
Culture stone itself does not have a specific cultural connotations. But culture stone has a rougher texture, natural about form, it can be said that the culture stone is people return to nature, return uncut jade to put in mind a this is now in the interior decoration. This point of view, we can also be understood as a culture of life.
1. The natural culture stone
Natural culture stone is stone deposit mining in nature, the SLATE, sandstone, quartz, after processing, become a kind of decorative building materials. Natural culture stone material qualitative hard, bright color, rich texture, style each different, compressive, wear-resisting, refractory, cold resistant, corrosion resistance, bibulous rate is low.
2. Artificial culture stone
Artificial culture stone is to use the material such as silicon, calcium, gypsum refined but become. It mimics the appearance of natural stone texture, light texture, color is rich, no mildew, non-combustible, ease of installation, etc.
3. The natural culture stone and artificial culture stone
Natural culture stone's main advantage is durable, not afraid dirty, unlimited time scrubbing, but adornment effect is restricted by the original stone material texture. In addition to the square stone, other construction more difficult, especially on time.
The excellency of artificial culture stone is able to create color, even buy back don't like the color, also can use emulsioni paint of paint rework. In addition, artificial culture stone most use cases, in which different block has good allocated proportion, the installation more convenient. But artificial culture stone afraid dirty, not easy to clean, and there are some culture stone is affected by vendor level, number of mould, design limitations or poor.
4. The installation of culture stone
Install the culture stone with different methods. In the construction of metope of natural culture stone can be directly, make metope dozen hair, then water wet cement paste can be used after. Artificial culture stone natural stone material can be used in addition to outside, also can use the method of adhesive. With organic board, 9 or 12 mm board render then glass glue stick can be used directly.
5. Matters needing attention
(1) culture stone is not suitable for large area is used indoors, generally ping said, the metope of usable floor area is unfavorable exceed one-third of its space metope, and in the bedroom shoulds not be multiple occurrences of culture stone wall surface.
(2) the culture stone installed outdoors, try not to choose sandstone type of stone, because this kind of stone material easy ooze water. Even surface did waterproof processing, vulnerable to and waterproof layer aging.
(3) indoor installation culture stone can choose class nearly color or complementary color, but the colour and lustre of unfavorable use contrast of changes in temperature.
Actually, culture stone and other decorative materials, according to the need and application, not one-sided pursuit of fashion and use should not reverse the trend towards left.
(a) water supply pipeline
In the previous section has been introduced to drain type, here are the matters of attention in the pipe installation and use.
Decorate in the pipeline, the waterproof often are more important than any other subject. In the pipe installation and use process need to pay attention to what issues?
(1) pipe installation must be looking for professional technicians. No matter how much you decorate luxurious high-grade, if you are not willing to part with or use money in this respect is not cost-effective. Often pipeline blowout or leakage, can cause conduit itself price several times, the loss of hundreds and even thousands of times.
(2) after installation must pressurization test. Pressure test is in commonly 1.5 times under the condition of water pressure, in the test should be no slack phenomenon.
(3) under the condition of no pressure test method and steps of:
A. total valve closed conduit (pipe switches on the front face of the water meter).
B. open the faucet for 20 minutes in the room, make sure there is no water to close all the tap after drop.
C. shut down the toilet water tank and washing machine with the function of water storage of equipment such as water switch.
D. running water total valve.
E. open after 20 minutes total valve check to see if the water meter, including a slow walk. If you have,
As the water is leaking; If there is no moving, namely is ok.
(4) in daily use, if it is found that the following situation, check as soon as possible to the pipeline:
A. mold out of the bubble wall paint surface.
B. the line that play a base or a fine bubble black wood floor and surface.
(2) the power line
Power line is mainly used for artificial lighting and electrical appliances, at present when decorating to be rerouted. The general standard is:
(1) the main line with 2.5 was copper wire.
(2) with 4 was air conditioning line, and each air conditioner all alone walk the line.
(3) the telephone line, TV line signal can't come with wires parallel lines.
(4) line to use protection plastic box, sat on a wall with a hose (including PVC tube), the interface must be straight or bend. Cannot use the hose, metal hose must be used to protect.
(5) to buy wire, switch, etc. Must buy good goods, there is only one standard don't to see if it conforms to the national standard. Should let dealers indicate when buy it.
(3) the refrigeration and heating
1. The refrigeration
The refrigeration and air conditioning is the main equipment, here about the relevant matters needing attention.
1) the choose and buy of air conditioner. Selection of name brand as far as possible, as far as possible to the reputable shopping mall to buy, factory outlets to buy. Remember to keep good warranty card and invoice.
It's best to
2) number properly. The magnitude of the number of horse about refrigeration. The air conditioning of the sitting room is a little bigger number to, in order to leave room. Bedchamber is 0.8 ~ 1 piece is enough, the sitting room more than 1.5 is the best.
3) simple programs. (1) delimit the installation location. (2) : all kinds of holes are on the wall or floor. Hole through the wall, water mudding gap part well. (3) installed bracket or hanger. (4) the calibration position. (5) in accordance with the relevant specifications for installation.
2. To warm
Now, unlike refrigeration, heating method is varied, including air conditioning, heating pipe, heating ground heating, and other forms:
1) air conditioning heating. This heating method is mainly used in some low winter temperatures are not. It is the most important benefits of heating speed, and can be hot and cold dual-use. Similar equipment and heater, radiant heating machine, etc. This way of heating is a specific bedroom, generally difficult to juggle all the household heating.
2) heat pipes. Heating pipe is passed by municipal heating power plant coal-fired boiler, again through the centralized pipeline transmission to the indoor heating of the heat sink to achieve. Serious pollution due to coal, cleaner method is to use natural gas, but it is relatively increased the cost. Still have a kind of negative consequences, the heating is the vertical and horizontal pipeline will affect indoor beautiful, at the same time reduce indoor use area of about 3% in real terms.
3) the ledger wall hung cainuanlu licensing. This way is for every build cainuanlu, through the method of wall radiator heating. The main fuel is natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas.
4) panel heating. This way analogous to cainuanlu, the difference is that it is through the laying of pipeline heat under the floor, rather than through the radiator. Relative to that of other heating, because no pipe, so it is beautiful and advantage. Its disadvantage is that the need to occupy a certain height, and on the ground adornment material with heating requirements. Some decoration materials with better insulation properties does not apply to such indoor ground.
5) electric heating. Household electric heating is more environmental protection and operability. Its biggest disadvantage is that the demand for electricity is high, some power shortage of city is very difficult to implement. And the heating way for indoor heat preservation is very demanding, its use cost is quite high. Big cities like Beijing are experimenting with this way of heating.
In certain cases, the way of heating up in the housing developers, but we can believe, environmental protection, energy saving, low cost, low cost way for fee will appear constantly.
Three, woodworking
In decorating a medium-range, woodworking projects tend to belong to a sports. From the perspective of decoration, carpentry basically represents the decoration. Many owners will decorate the carpentry craft level as it is a basic technological level of the company. So, most decorate a company to carpentry as a top priority.
After a brutal market battle, emulsioni paint from 40 yuan per square meter price fell to 20 yuan, mud from 40 yuan per square meter price fell to someone even to the point of mud work presented. Finally decorate a company to ensure that profit is carpentry. Also because of this, woodworking quotation has been in a relatively stable state.
Quotation as materials, the design factors, such as more than other decorate a project is not comparable. We in the chest of a simple, for example:
Solution a: use density board structure, with wood veneer, wood veneer is stuck outside.
Scheme 2: using big core board structure, inside outside brush brush varnish, mix oil.
Solution 3: using big core board structure, with iterated on board, attached with add varnish veneer.
Plan 4: completely real wood structure, add varnish or mix oil (there were significant differences in this regard real wood species).
The above four kinds of practices, is feasible in theory, but the cost is very different. Plan three cost than the cost may be higher than one times, plus design differences, comparability is lower.
Here we focus on is a process, not the content of the material. Made the above comparison, mainly process and cost differences. About the wooden plank content, please refer to the relative contents in the first section of this chapter.
(a) the major plate process
1. The density board process
Density board can be divided into high density board, MDF and low density board. The most commonly used is medium density board. This process the furniture factory and professional company (such as kitchen utensils company). This process depend on the machine pressing, the probability of site construction is almost. Zero. So, decorate company rarely used.
Density board process, rely mainly on component combination. On the other hand, it's facing mainly adopts stick instead of nail technology. This post, with the production, it mainly USES the machine repression. When the density board and cementing materials such as the combination of fire prevention board, often can make a pretty good result.
And the process of density board is the most main disadvantage is that the dilatability is big, the water, almost hopeless. Another disadvantage is that the bending performance is poor, cannot be used to force large projects.
2. The big core board process
Big core board is now more popular materials, especially the decoration company. Big core board core material has the certain strength, when the size is relatively small, the effect of using big core board to artificial plank of the effect is much better than others.
And, of course, the big core board construction technology and construction technology of modern woodworking is basically consistent, its construction is convenient, fast, the cost is relatively low, so more and more popular with decorate a company. Big core board technology, the main use nail, at the same time, can also be applied to a simple process.
The main drawback is that the big core board vertical bending performance is poorer. When the construction of the project such as a bookcase, the big distance strength often cannot meet the requirements of the weight of the books; The solution can only be narrow shelf intervals.
3. The fine core technology
Fine core board before the big core board, is the modern woodworking in more traditional materials. Fine core board strength, flexural performance is good. In a lot of decorate a project, it can also play the role, in some need the structure of the bearing parts, using fine core board will have more strength. Of core board of 9 mm board which is a lot of project required.
Fine core board and big core board, mainly USES the nail technology, you can also simply press.
Fine core board are the main disadvantages of its poor stability than the other plate, which is caused by the materials of the its core material consistency, which makes the deformation of thin core board may increase. So, fine core board is not suitable for single parts, such as cupboard door.
4. Solid board process
Real wood is belong to traditional practices. Due to the wood species is numerous, difference is very big, so the results but in the process is similar. Real wood plank has good flex resistance, high strength, durable, adornment effect is good wait for an advantage
Solid wood approach adopts the traditional process, rarely use nails, glue, etc. The skills of woodworking workers to demand higher, without formal training, carpentry is very difficult to do such a job.
Real wood plank in the process of production, should be treated with cooking, insecticidal, and drying. Using untreated wood, there will be a pest (mainly termites) hidden trouble.
(2) the matters of attention in the woodworking
1. The processing of the eye
Nailhole processing strictly speaking, belong to the category of painter. They say: "three feminine beauty, seven points up." The reflection of the words in the carpentry work is also very typical. Now most decorate use board processing, construction are used when the nail and so on, how to deal with these nail eye has become a prominent problem. This request of putty color very rigorous attitude, as far as possible so that when the color matching color and wood surface basically consistent, to hide these defects. The same applies to the processing of trees, tree scar treatment.
2. All ke choice
The good quality of material is to guarantee the quality of the first factor, the quality of plate and applicability requires strict choice.
3. The selection of finishing process
Different plate need different finishing process. Texture beautiful solid wood and veneer, for example, you can use the varnish; And poor texture solid board or no ordinary plywood, veneer will need to use the mixed oil. Also, on the other hand, if the use of varnish, inference so you should choose good solid board or veneer surface; Use that mix oil, so you just need to choose regular plank. The practice of using panels with mix oil, it is a waste of money.
(3) the door leaf
Door leaf is essential to the decoration engineering of all projects, they have the special status of making it more often than not, become a kind of symbol of decoration style.
1. The style of door leaf
The style of the door leaf characteristics mainly reflected in three aspects:
1) design the material characteristics. Door leaf is often requires the use of indoor and extensive use of the same material for decoration. So, we often see oil in practice, if indoor use is red ju, the door is often red ju; Being the cherry wood, the door is cherry wood. In the practice that mix oil, door leaf will follow that mix oil, color is consistent.
Of course, the door leaf can be designed into different material style, however, it is difficult to do this.
2) features of design elements. The design of the door leaf tend to follow the design elements in the design style is used. For example in the design of a straight line or curve design, there is a specific door leaf also often are required to have this feature.
3) style guide. They will follow the design style of whole design, so to some extent, they will also become a style guide. This is because the home may not have other adornment project, but we can not live without doors. So they not only follow the style changes, sometimes also plays a main role.
2. The type of the door leaf
1) the points from the material.
(1) solid door. Solid door is mainly by the material of whole complete carving or small pieces of complete material split. Door leaf width is 1900 mm X 850 mm, because it is difficult to find such a large time molding material, so the solid door is given priority to with split.
Solid door sound insulation performance is better, but the resistance to deformation ability is poor.
(2) hollow door. Hollow door splint for suppression and give priority to, supplemented by the middle (or plywood article laid keel.
Sound insulation performance of hollow door is bad, but with a strong ability to resist deformation. Can solve the problem of sound insulation performance, by thickening of the side plate thickness of ways to solve.
Now city door also often use fire door, it is a kind of hollow door, but splint is fire prevention, fire foam material such as cotton.
(3) different profile. Abnormal door is mainly use aluminum, stainless steel, PVC, plastic made of different materials such as. These materials tend to have the characteristics such as waterproof, is widely used in the place such as kitchen and asked to wash your hands. Their disadvantage is that the appearance of the beautiful sex is bad, sometimes conflict with design style.
(4) molded door. Moulded door is the use of hot press will push back the industrial material. It is basically a hollow door.
(5) the glass door. Glass is a special kind of door leaf, the thickness of the first, it is not enough to say it's a solid door, and it does not belong to a different door, in fact, it is a special kind of door leaf. The characteristics of the glass door is decided by the characteristics of the glass itself. For example using transparent toughened glass, door leaf is fully functional, and using frosted glass, have half of pervious to light function.
(6) lattice door. Lattice door is with pipe or square tube metal welded together. Is this way of door of guard against theft that we can see the main embodiment.
2) from the type.
(1) open the door. This is the most common we usually open door leaf left or right, it operates on a shaft hinges, opened by manual or electric control. Heavily used in door, bedroom and other space. The doors to open flat door is the z axis.
(2) the sliding door. One of the sliding door is also home to compare common door leaf. But it is in the same decoration engineering, at the same time, the quantity is not many. The doors to open sliding door is the X axis.
(3) the folding door. The working principle of folding door and swing doors. The biggest difference is that the doors can be folded. General folding door takes up the flat position than ordinary flat 1/3 of the door. But the folding door gap is more, not suitable for need to strict privacy.
(4) the door of freedom. Free door is a special form of flat open, it can be two of the Z axis direction (inside) open, open, can automatically return to the closed state. Freedom of movement of the door is done through free door spring.
(5) other. A city gate, swing door, revolving door, turn over the door, sluice gate, etc., can choose according to need.
3. The problem of common door leaf
1) made of plywood door. Flush door, mainly on the structure. General oil way is: 15 mm plywood first cut into strips, then set prescription as keel, and both sides nails for 5 mm plate, top with a layer of decorative panel 3 mm. Around the door with a 1 mm X 5 mm sealing line wooden line) (also known as the door closed. Doors of 5 mm and 3 mm plate need to use the glue and the pressing, heavy use of appropriate USES oily adhesive glue, all-purpose adhesive, for example.
2) the production of stainless steel security door. The production of stainless steel security door skills on the pry resistance. Excellent resistance to pry the method is: use 1.0 ~ 1.2 mm thick stainless steel plate to do box, and then use the 0.8 ~ 1.0 mm stainless square steel
45 ˚ Angle transition and welded. Now new approach includes the add a piece of glass inside and outside, so I can
The problem of grid clean the inconvenience.
3) the bathroom door leaf waterproof problems. To solve this problem, one is to use waterproof material, such as PVC or plastic;
The second is to use waterproof treatment of lumber or plywood. The former shortcoming lies in beautiful sex; The disadvantage is that the process is complex, high cost.
4) the matters needing attention about solid door. Solid door problem focused on two aspects: one is deformation, this question mainly through split enhance force offset each other; Second, cracking, to solve this problem only by the use of anti-cracking performance better wood.
(4) Windows
The window after the door leaf is the main decoration project. The window is the contents of building ontology, here we first solve the problem of the window.
Window 1.
(1) the window is the main role is to play the role of a protection by the window. Because long-term use to make the window appear damage phenomenon, and the window is made by wood, can play a good touch protection, prevention.
(2) the design of the window to a certain extent, also plays the effect of that coincide with the door, the line that play a base,; Because they are for the whole space, Shared the edge effect.
(3) the window is a window in the form of a supplement. Our shop is a block of marble, things like that on the window sill, often feel this is monotonous and abrupt; After add window, feel more complete.
2) the style characteristics of the window. Window and door cover is photograph echo, generally speaking, if the door is not set, the window also do not need to window. On the other hand, if you have the door without window, there is a feeling of unfinished. In most cases, the style of the window and door cover unifies.
2. The design of window
1) semicircle line style. This style is perhaps the most common, but will gradually be eliminated. The way is: to lay a foundation to use plywood, with decoration panel, and then use the two semicircle line edge.
Article 2) single style. This style is currently the most common. To lay a foundation to use plywood, then side panel, positive article decoration side whipstitch is used. These lines are made by factory system into a unified decoration design or modelling, the construction is very convenient.
Article 3) double style. This style is a trend of the future practice. It is different from single do, is alter use two lines joining together. This article can make up for single cause the modelling of drab, increase the diversity of style. But this approach only commonly used oil; Use that mix oil, construction is difficult in terms of crack.
3. The window sill
Windowsill design mainly from the material classification, common materials are marble, granite, artificial stone, decorative panels and decorative wooden line. The following about the advantages and disadvantages of these materials.
1) marble. If select ideal color texture, marble should be the first selection of window. The advantage of marble is beautiful color, texture is diversiform, mesa can prevent rain splashed down.
2) granite. Granite texture basically is given priority to with granular, also have a variety of color. Its color and texture than the marble, but it more solid and durable than the marble.
3) the artificial stone. Artificial stone texture without too many features, but the color have more choice than the natural stone. Window and the use of artificial stone is, but not much.
4) decorative panel. Decorative panels as on the surface of the window, is generally follow the practice of the window is covered, just surface no longer bedding other materials but with decoration panel directly. This approach generally applicable to the window, bay window is not suitable.
5) decorative wooden line. Decorative wooden line to produce the effect is similar to park benches, this design generally applicable to the bay window, and not too cold in winter, the summer is not too hot. The main is that it has more affinity.
4. The window open type
In accordance with the method of open, the window can be divided into the following two common types:
1) the casement Windows. Rev outward casement Windows are generally, also more than single fan and double fan and fan.
2) the push-pull window. The window along the track to the left and right sides open, generally must be more than two fan can constitute a push-pull window.
Four, paint process
Paint is also very common in decorating project, even in the industry have seven carpentry lacquer "three points". Will now commonly used paint technology process is introduced as follows, for your reference.
(a) wood coatings
1. The varnish craft
ZhaoSeYou or toning oil on (1) (note: only have color requirements engineering, general engineering don't need this procedure).
(2) brush varnish protection primer (if no 1 process, then this is the first working procedure).
If is to keep the primary color of brush varnish, surface must be cleaned after material purchasing site
First pass protection of primer and immediately. Primer is also commonly used paint.
Note: varnish coat must be in wall paint brush before operation.
(3) clear the surface of wood dust and dirt.
(4) the surface with sand paper or wood surface polishing line.
(5) the paint brush the first times.
(6) after dry toner of mixing, cooked powder, powder putty synthesis such as nail eyes and tree scar to dissemble, to like the color.
(7) after dry toner rough parts with fine sand paper polishing, this again is a key point.
(8) brush the paint again.
(9) with fine sand after dry.
(10) brush the paint again.
Namely again after paint plus again fine sand paper polishing, so on. If you have special primer, paint the first times to special primer.
(11) with a wet cloth to wipe the surface of wood is wet, and then use sand paper wet after water polished surface, commonly known as water.
(12) paint brush the last times.
Generally speaking, in the last line of paint, need to brush paint 4 ~ 8 times will have relatively good effect. Surface paint over the more the better, but should not be commonly more than 10 times. Construction in wet weather, the paint film will have hair white phenomenon, appropriate to join dilution dose nitro magnetized water can be removed by 10% ~ 15%.
The technology that mix oil is 2.
(1) to clear the surface of wood dust and dirt.
(2) the threesome with pig blood ash powder mix well with batch of wood surface.
(3) after dry sand.
(4) the paint brush the first times.
(5) to get bad.
(6) with sand paper polishing after dry.
(7) brush paint the second time.
(8) with sand paper polishing after dry.
(9) paint brush 3 times.
In general, it is advisable to mix oil with 2 ~ 3 times.
(2) wall paint
1. Brushing paint process
If metope is old wall, need to shave their after the surface is wet water first. Roller coating again after dry light oil, is the old house and substrate is good, use the coarse sanding can be one or two times, do not need to shave.
(1) with 108 glue, cooked jiaofen and threesome powder putty with batch after whole metope deployment into ashes
(2) dry after appearing with fine sand.
The above process typically three times in a row, until metope of flat.
(3) the brush again finish (paint).
(4) dry after appearing with fine sand.
(5) brush paint the second times.
2. The spray paint process
If metope is old wall, need to shave their after the surface is wet water first. After dry roller coating light oil again. If it's old house and substrate is good, the use of coarse sand paper burnish can be one or two times, do not need to shave.
(1) with 108 glue, cooked jiaofen and threesome powder putty with batch after whole metope deployment into ashes
(2) after the dry sand.
The above process typically three times in a row, until metope of flat.
(3) the first time finish (paint).
(4) dry after appearing with fine sand.
(5) and the second time spray paint.
(3) the matters needing attention
(1) the construction of paint, must be construction within the product requirements of indoor temperature. Different products, to the requirement of temperature is different, this can look up to in the product packaging or manual.
(2) to the second time every working procedure to ensure that the dry process.
(3) using the same kind of matrix of the paint, don't put the different categories of paint mixed reaction.
(4) construction, to do well the safety protection measures, such as wearing a mask.
(5) keep indoor ventilation, to prevent poisoning incidents.
(6) using water and so on has certain corrosion that day 1 of raw materials, to take glue glove.
(7) don't smoke inside the construction site or use open flame, in case of fire or explosion.
(8) to avoid forced construction under high humidity or cold.
(9) top ceiling or wood panels have crack need to hide, atomic ash available for processing, with high quality tearing adhesive tape; Can be pared off to open cracks of metope fill in plaster for processing, with high quality tearing adhesive tape. And then the paint surface processing *
(10) to malls or stores to buy paint, in case of false and inferior, although the price will be a little high, but at least to ensure quality.
(a) leather chair, sofa
1. Leather, fake leather flap
Different according to the selection of materials, general common have cow leather, cowhide, pigskin, sheepskin water wait for a few kinds. Rampant fakes on the market at present, how can we distinguish real leather and fake leather?
(1) the leather surface presence of pores. Cowhide pore fine, dense, irregular arrangement, cortex is bright and clean; Products pig skin pores in the font triangle arrangement, cortex osteoporosis.
(2) check the press with finger, leather are scattered sag place fine lines.
(3) check the cortex on cross section. Due to the forging technology is getting better and better now, from the positive analysis is becoming increasingly difficult, and from the cortex edge section can see something different. Leather leather is loose, and fake leather is more dense.
(4) leather and fake also can use smell to distinguish, leather has a smell of animal, relatively speaking, more while to the stimulus.
In addition to all the leather sofa, and some in use fake leather on the side of the back half leather sofa, these are what consumers need to pay attention to.
2. The maintenance of the leather sofa
(1) do not use strong chemical agents, cleaning, leather, and try to use diluted soap water or special leather cleaner, these can be in a large super market to buy.
(2) to choose soft cloth, wiping the strength should be light.
(3) when used at ordinary times, don't put the hard objects placed on the sofa, especially to avoid kids jumping on it
(4) do not place in direct sunlight for a long time, so as not to damage the cortex.
(4) on water-based wax regularly, in order to protect the cortex.
(2) of cloth art sofa
Cloth art sofa is now very popular on the market, especially in some urban families.
1. The three major advantages of cloth art sofa
1) look and feel good. Cloth art sofa can choose different cloth coat, color, design is rich, choose room is big.
2) feel is good. Cloth art sofa feel is soft, sweet, and different fabric have different feel.
3) can be replaced. When the coat after using fade after many days, can buy a new cloth instead. Coat replaced, as the renovation of sofa. Also can choose their favorite fabrics, according to all the year round, choose design and color is different coat, all show individual character.
2. The maintenance methods of cloth art sofa
(1) when the choose and buy, use as far as possible can flip the mat. In use, turn on a regular basis.
(2) after the purchase of cloth art sofa, can use the fabric protectant spray once, for protection.
(3) often aspiration. As far as possible when clean use fabric special cleaner.
(3) of solid wood furniture
Solid wood furniture including what we usually call z annatto furniture and now on the market selling some continental style of other solid wood tables and chairs.
Mahogany desks and chairs are generally have corresponding s control. Now on the market more tables and chairs for the design of the Ming and qing dynasty and the period of the republic of China, also have very big difference on the style. The general line of Ming dynasty is relatively simple, there is a feeling of power; While more of the qing dynasty sculpture, modelling is more tedious, among them the majority with animals, flowers and auspicious totem. And during the period of the republic of China desk and chair, relatively moderate, modelling is somewhere in between and tend to the latter.
The solid wood tables and chairs on market with mahogany and rosewood, but from the reality, use of low-grade wooden plus color also very much. So when buy, ask for bill and indicate the material is the key of the tables and chairs to use. Used in the decoration tradition of solid wood furniture is given priority to with the elderly. Category is the use of traditional solid wood furniture, decorate in the traditional and the other is using traditional furniture in modern decoration, reflect a kind of treasure in everyday use.
European solid wood tables and chairs are appeared in recent years a newer model, general color is shallow, and modelling concise, complemented by soft pillow and so on. Because of its cheap, so be very many young people especially the newlyweds.
Solid wood furniture maintenance is simple, general use ordinary cleaner and even water can. Only pay attention to is the termite, this kind of problems commonly occurred in the south. If at night under heard gently lumber or furniture wood powder,
Then it is likely the violation by termites. Against termites on way is to make CCA (copper chromium arsenic agent), but the best is to operate a professional termite prevention, so as not to cause greater harm.
Which type of mobile furniture of choose and buy, depends on their lifestyle and family decorate style, otherwise it is easy to appear the effect of neither fish nor fowl, spend money not to please.
Six, lighting lamps and lanterns
In the decoration, lamps and lanterns is indispensable, is not so much a decoration project, than the most basic life demand
(a) the basic concept of artificial lighting
When it comes to artificial lighting, first of all need to know about the basic concepts of lighting:
Flux: the human eyes can feel radiation energy, radiation energy of each band and this band is the summation of the relative rate of visibility of the product, the unit for 1 m (lumens).
Illumination: refers to the exposure to a luminous flux density on the surface of the unit is 1 x (lux). 11 x = 11 m/m squared.
A 40 w incandescent lamp luminous flux is about 3401 m; A 40 w fluorescent lamp luminous flux is about 1700 ~ 19001 m.
Household lighting lamps and lanterns setting has two ways:
(1) according to the general lighting and special circumstances set two groups of solutions, such as the study with a small light and a light brightness larger desk lamp.
(2) according to the special circumstances set up a set of solution: for example, only the study set a light lamps.
The first kind of scheme is the better choice. First choose according to different situations, different intensity of illumination, is beneficial to protect vision, avoid long-term too strong or too weak light harm eyesight; Secondly, to save electricity, so as to save money. (2) the choice of lamps and lanterns
1. The styles of lamps and lanterns
(1) according to the first of interior design style to buy lamps and lanterns. For example, modern style, appropriate combination of some stainless steel and ground glass lamps and lanterns; And Europe and the United States the traditional style, appropriate chooses some such as rococo line, the lamps and lanterns of toner coated with metal.
(2) where possible, the sitting room, dining room and the bedroom lamps and lanterns can choose the same kind of design style. According to the author's experience, it is possible. Another solution is, sitting room and dining-room to keep the same style, while the lamps and lanterns of the bedroom use another style.
First to solve the design of sitting room lamps, if the sitting room is large, so the bedroom with medium, and the dining room is small, or sleeping rooms and mess rooms instead.
(3) the toilet and kitchen lamp can use waterproof absorb dome light, color is in line with the ceiling as far as possible; The balcony lamp buy ivory belt cover. Generally don't need too focused on style, its main is practical.
2. The type of light bulb
Current household light bulb consists of incandescent lamp, energy-saving lamp, fluorescent lamp, etc. Incandescent lamp is to use or other metal tungsten wire electric heating principle of light, the light yellow color (the sun); Energy-saving lamp is using the principle of gas discharge light, learn it, since the ballast fluorescent lamps, light except white (light), there are yellow (warm light).
In general, under the same wattage, an energy-saving lamp than incandescent lamp energy saving about 80%, the average life expectancy extension of 8 times, thermal radiation is only 20%. Not strict case, a single 5 w energy-saving lamps or the equivalent of about 25 w incandescent lamp lighting, 7 w energy-saving lamps or the equivalent of about 40 w incandescent lighting, 9 w energy-saving lamps or the equivalent of about 60 w incandescent light. But the price of some products on the market at present is on the high side, quality is not so good, if choose undeserved, tend to be "energy-saving JieQian" problem.
Another is important to note that the general energy-saving lamps are not the light, so can only use ordinary switch. Do not use the clock on energy-saving light dimmer switch control. But according to the report, have developed abroad can dimmer energy-saving lamps, but the author in writing fashion not found in the market.
Fluorescent lamp mainly as a common decorate indoor lighting and senior decoration diffused light source.
(3) purchase the ten steps of lamps and lanterns
Lamps and lanterns of choose and buy is also very effort. Before you go to buy, fully prepared "neck preheating action", turn a turn head, or you buy the lamp back will be screaming for neck acid.
The list to buy lamps and lanterns is now ten steps:
(1) find a sell lights more centralized place to buy. Had better choose professional market of lamps and lanterns, because design is focused, you can save time, save trouble, energy saving, and the price is comparable.
(2) generally have a look at the first, don't look, if not seem suitable to leave right away.
There seem to be appropriate, (3) in general, after go in first thing in a straight-backed chair to sit down and not busy, a glass of water first; Don't be silly stood in there and the owner or clerk.
(4) to see light, the body down the back of the chair back look forward to go, don't look at the location of more than 60 DHS as far as possible.
(5) see have the right lamp, let the owner to open the see, unless you have love, or don't go to the below the lights turn around first.
(6) after a lamp, and then examine the lamps and lanterns, there are no other room to sit besides getting these things done first.
(7) seems to have, to stand up again and choose carefully.
(8) don't meet lights are asking price, doesn't make sense. Unless you have been chosen, let each other of all you have to be reported to the price of a written.
(9) carefully study the written offer, don't fit, just like the shopkeeper said, go back and look at. And then to find another.
(10) if feel styles and prices are suitable, just talk to each other: I want to buy these lights, you quote me a price. If you think the price is not appropriate, is a different.
(4) the installation of special lamps and lanterns
Household lamps special installation place basically is modelling smallpox part, a lot of people are like dark outfit diffuse light,
But not everyone can hold good. Skills are:
(1) the head-tail. Fluorescent lamp to smokes. Because not often using diffuse light, so don't heartache.
(2) the top of the tube and modelling smallpox lamp chamfer edge the same level.
(3) there is an arc light pipe (fluorescent) are available, and don't be a big of.
(4) available color white, yellow and blue (purple), other colors don't use, it is red and green. The former like dance halls, the latter becomes a terror. .
Seventh, the choice of the curtain
Curtain in indoor decoration, plays a privacy, the use of light, decorate metope, sound-absorbing noise insulation effect. According to the seriousness of his role, the choice of the curtain and there are a lot of different combinations. In short, the choice of the curtain is a very critical project. Both the owner and interior designer, it should be highly valued.
(a) understand the curtain from the function
1. The protection of privacy
For a family, who all don't like his every move in the sight of others. In this sense, different indoor area, focus on the degree of privacy and have different standards.
Sitting room public activity area, this kind of family members to the requirement of privacy are low, most of the family living room during the day, is drew the curtains so much in a state of decoration. For the area such as bedroom, bathroom, people not only require outside can't see, and even can't see the shadow. This is a different area to select different problems of the curtain. Sitting room we could choose the cloth with partial transparency, while the bedroom chooses thick qualitative cloth.
2. The use of the light
Actually protect privacy, or to play a role by blocking the light. Here said the use of light, it is to point to in the protection of privacy cases, effective use of light. For example a 2 bedroom, everyone don't like to see the interior of people walking around outside the movements, but long-term pulling thick curtains and affect the natural lighting, so similar to the gauze shade of light curtain was born.
Decorate metope 3.
The curtain for many ordinary families, is one of the biggest ornamental metope. Especially for some simple decoration family of 4 white be born, except for a few picture frame, may be things that left the curtains so on metope, the color of the curtain, style, etc., often plays an important role. Also, for the hardcover family says, appropriate curtain will make household more beautiful, more personality.
4. Sound-absorbing noise reduction
As we know, from the mode of transmission of sound, pitch is the spread of the straight line, and the window for the high reflectivity of the glass is also very strong. Therefore, proper thickness of the curtain, can improve indoor sound effects; Thick curtain, too, have to absorb some noise from the outside, improve the interior sound environment.
(2) according to the requirements of choose and buy the curtains
1. The design style
We know that the curtain type design, there are a lot of hands with interior design style and the style is have a close relationship. So, in the choice of the curtain, design style is the first requirement. That is to say, all elements of the curtain, the first thing to matching with indoor style. At this point, you need to consult your more interior designers, lest appear not harmonious phenomenon. 2. The function need
According to the different functional requirements, on the basis of the design style is consistent, need to choose the thickness of the curtain. In general, there are two ways for the bedroom:
(1) use a thicker material.
(2) with a thicker material, at the same time do a layer of gauze shade inside.
As for the scheme of what it needs to consider the actual situation, for example, some design style were not allowed to use gauze shade.
3. Choose cloth
Curtain cloth there are plenty of options, the following simple introduce about fabric:
(1) light, thin, transparent or translucent fabric, such as cotton, polyester cotton blended fabric, glass yarn, fine mesh fabric, lace and voile, etc.
(2) the medium thickness of opaque cloth, such as fancy weave cotton cloth, nylon and its blended fabric, poor mesh cloth; Sliding surface cloth, if brush smooth calico, cotton cloth, archaize satin, silk and moire, etc.
(3) choose design and color according to design style
Even if the same kind of fabric, design and color is multifarious also. Choose a different design and color, has a great influence for design.
(1) the color of the curtain should suit with indoor mass-tone phase. Complementary color or nearly color is allowed, but contrast of changes in temperature is a no-no.
(2) modern design style, can choose plain coloured curtain; The elegant design style, can choose the curtain of shallow grain; Rural design style, can choose the curtain of small grain; And luxurious design style, it can use plain coloured curtain or big flower.
(2) choose stripe curtain, its direction should with indoor style to match.
Eight, the family is small adorn article
Here refers to play the part of beautiful household frame, small decorations including vase, sculpture and other mobile accessories. After the completion of household is decorated, it is indispensable in the project.
(a) frame and photo frame
In the household of the frame and photo frame has many types, specifications are also many.
1. The frame
Frames can be used to advocate metope adornment decorates a wall or corridor, probably can be divided into three categories: the frame, oil painting frame and decorative frame.
1) the frames. General frame is fine. Mainly in all kinds of traditional Chinese painting.
2) oil painting box. General frame is bigger, and most with carved ornamental design, used for mounting all kinds of western painting.
3) the decorative frame. A variety of forms, general is given priority to with fine frame.
2. The photo frame
Photo box is mainly used for table or wall hanging. Photo frame the adornment of the common position including sofa corner, metope, the head of a bed, etc.
3. The matters needing attention of using frame decoration
1) the color of the frame to compatible with the overall tone. If it is a more modern style, can choose black, white and color of the box; If it is Chinese style, can only use black and log color box; Classic European style article should try to choose the golden box.
2) content to match the style of the picture. Modern style, as far as possible choose decoration; Chinese style style, you can choose various styles of Chinese painting decoration; Classic European style, more appropriate adornment picture is painting.
3) wants to be coordinated with metope size the size of the picture. The size of the below for reference (assuming the wall width of 3 m) :
Picture of a painting: the maximum width with 1 ~ 1.5 m, including main adornment wall can be increased to 2 m.
Second picture: the maximum width with 0.5 ~ 1 m advisable, decoration when can parallel arrangement.
Three paintings: the maximum width with 0.3 ~ 0.5 m advisable, in the decoration can be used in high and low or parallel arrangement.
Four painting: the biggest width with 0.3 ~ 0.5 m advisable, decoration can use parallel arrangement or square landscape layout.
Five paintings or above: the maximum width is no longer restricted, but in general is given priority to with a small picture, will be subject to an orderly.
(2) carved plastic
In the household of the sculpture is given priority to with the round, and the majority with tree carving and stone carving. Now on the market also has a relatively cheap plaster sculpture sculpture and composite materials, including all kinds of animals, character sculpture.
Decorate in the household is the main points of the sculpture:
1) stone. Applicable to the style of modern style or brighter.
2) tree carving. Applies to most of the style of classical European style.
3) the plaster statues. Generally is not recommended, because not clean, and nearly located in touch damage easily.
4) metal sculpture. Depends on the specific materials that meet the needs of the environment.
In general, the sculpture is relatively easy to decorate a ornaments, but has obvious characteristics of the sculpture is unfavorable in some style used in decorating, such as David cannot be used in Chinese style.
(3) ceramics and crystal ornaments
All kinds of ceramic vase (for example) and crystal jewelry is more and more liked by the owner. Ceramic products mainly include black pottery, pottery, jingdezhen blue and white porcelain, purple sand pottery vases and other accessories, crystal ornaments mainly divided into the crystal ornaments and imitation crystal (glass).
In general, this kind of jewelry ornament for household, but not influence on the style of household, so in most cases, such accessories can be used in most of the style. Keep in mind, the over the counter, cups and saucers furnished most of the time also can become beautiful corner of household act the role ofing is tasted.
(4) the flower
Now on the market of artificial flowers, there are some flowers in the modelling lifelike even to close may not be able to distinguish true and false. If you didn't have the energy to serve those who have the flowers of life, all day, and at the same time, a little beauty, so artificial flowers as something is worth you to consider. As for the kinds of flowers, request is not high, as long as you like.
The adornment of flowers and plants, the main attention is not flood, so many flowers and plants is a presumptuous guest usurps the host's role.
(5) model
Model has certain component in living in adornment, it includes a variety of aircraft, vehicles, ships, soldiers, the structure of the model. Many people, especially young people around the age of 30, especially like the decorations.
Model act the role ofing is tasted more commonly used in private space, for example, children room and bedroom. As some special professional background, navy retired people, for example, will be like in the sitting room the conspicuous position to place a large proportion of ship model to show her life experience.
(6) of the collection
Is included collection here, perhaps more than anything, but it is better than general decorations show master hobby. As act the role ofing is tasted, this kind of collection generally larger objects, including military, civilian products, crystal and some folk collection; Such as small collection of stamps in crystal is generally not used for ornaments. For example, some people like to collect tea set, then can show up in this area.
Nine, a family to decorate pollution prevention
Decoration pollution mainly in three aspects: formaldehyde, radon, TDI. First of all, let's look at the meaning of these words.
(a) methyl aldehyde
1. The formaldehyde is
Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent gas, molecular formula HCOH, specific gravity 0.815 (DHS) C - 20, burning
About 300 DHS C; Soluble in water and ethanol, has a strong reduction in alkaline solution. The formaldehyde aqueous solution of 40% said "formaldehyde", easy to evaporate at room temperature, even more heated.
Formaldehyde is an important organic chemical raw materials, widely used in the resin synthesis, polyformaldehyde, pesticide, medicine, engineering plastics, dyes and other industries, mainly used as disinfectant, also can make adhesive, lotto udinese's crystal, phenolic resin, urea formaldehyde resin, synthetic resin, synthetic fiber, engineering plastics such as pom, trimethylolpropane materials.
2. The national safety standards for formaldehyde
(1) human health maximum allowable air content of 0.08 mg/m3.
(2) the formaldehyde content in solid mu fu joins A floor board is A kind of solid mu fu joins A floor board formaldehyde release A quantity to less than or equal to 90 mg/kg; Class B solid mu fu joins a floor board formaldehyde release a quantity greater than 90 ~ 400 mg/kg.
(3) in the man-made plank formaldehyde release a quantity should be less than 0.20 mg/m after.
(4) the wooden floor of formaldehyde release a quantity should be less than 0.2 mg/m after.
3. The main harm of formaldehyde
Indoor levels of o. 1 mg/m after it is faulty and discomfort; O. 5 mg/m after can stimulate an eye, lead to flow
Tear; 0. 6 mg/m after can cause throat discomfort or pain; High concentration can cause nausea, vomiting, cough, chest
Tightness, asthma, and even pulmonary edema. Long-term exposure to low doses of formaldehyde can cause respiratory diseases and even cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
(2) of radon
Radon is a new word for the public, if it weren't for constant was mentioned by the media in recent years, the word may be only a chemist to use it. So we have to understand first what is the radon.
Radon is 86th of the periodic table of elements, element name Rn, inert gas. Radon is in the nature
Three isotope squared squared squared Rn, squared squared DHS Rn, squared '° Rn, called radon refers to squared squared squared Rn. Squared squared squared Rn is a natural radioactive
Element decay series of intermediate products of uranium series, has a half-life of 3.825 days, radon parent element of uranium, uranium decays
Causes a radon.
Here, we can understand at least two things: (1) the radon is a natural material. (2) is radioactive radon.
The main harm of radon: radon almost ubiquitous, soil, water, stone and other building and decoration materials may contain more or less of radon. Radon is colorless, odorless, exceed the amount of radon increases the incidence of lung cancer.
(3) the TDI
TDI (toluene diisocyanate) is one of the more commonly used isocyanate, and isocyanate is polyurethane (PU) material and important basis for raw materials. Is the most commonly used TDI polyurethane industry 2, 4 - TDI and 2, 6 - TDI a mixture of the two isomers, mainly for the production of soft polyurethane foam, polyurethane elastomer, coating and glue adhesion agent, etc.
TDI major hazard: TDI mainly exists in the paint in the decoration, beyond the standard free TDI will cause harm to human body, mainly sensitization and stimulation, pain, tears in eyes, conjunctival congestion, cough, chest distress, short of breath, asthma, red papules, maculopapule, contact the symptom such as atopic dermatitis. For the limits of free TDI on international is below 0.5%.
(4) the correct understanding and guard against
1) about formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a kind of basic chemical material, material contains formaldehyde is inevitable,
Just different from its content. For this area, the country already has the relevant safety standards, therefore, should be to the credibility of good shopping malls to buy high quality products, do not covet petty gain and make you suffer.
2) about radon. We know that radon is almost everywhere, but radon is really pose a threat to the human body needs to reach a certain dose, no need to talk about radon. Some people think that the radon can achieve the result of the long life prolong life, that can only be deluding themselves. We can reduce the harm of radon, but can never be cut off from radon.
3) about TDI and formaldehyde, TDI is also a kind of basic chemical material, its existence is also normal. Buy some low content of TDI products is the only way.
4) ways to defeat the decoration pollution. 1) purchase qualified products, quality; (2) the repair process and repair after a month to keep indoor and ventilated, reduce the content of indoor toxic substances.
10 and construction safety
Described in this section, the content is not child's play, please be sure to pay attention to.
Construction of the main safety issues including security, fire prevention, waterproof, prevent crisis, electricity, gas protection, etc.
1. The thief
In during decorating, especially indoor window, burglar mesh, such as not ready before, pay attention to some thieves are stirring.
In addition, when decorate must also prevent inside. Stealing tools, steal works inside the material, especially the contractor not package material, the owner or manager to pay more attention to.
2. The fire prevention
(1) the ban on smoking in workshop in the fire, and should be clearly posted "no fireworks" warning sign.
(2) shall be under no insulation pipe protection disorderly pull wire, temporary wiring should as far as possible away from flammable decoration materials.
(3) must be cooking in the workshop, must be carried out within the specified range, the area should be no HuoHuan dangerous.
(4) must be absolutely prohibited in the indoor heating.
3. Water proof
(1) advice to decorate material when stacked mat 20 ~ 30 cm high, make it out of the ground.
(2) the water carefully, especially in the drainage system was not well done before. The workers to take a bath in the workshop, to repeatedly charge.
(3) when you leave the factory, check whether the tap tight.
(4) shall not be ignorant of the workers engaged in water supply and drainage construction of pipeline construction.
(5) the laid of real wood floor or compound floor, near the area of waterproof should be paid attention to.
(6) there is no staff on duty, should shut the window. If the ventilation period, should try to avoid the typhoon season
(7) regular cleaning drain, in order to avoid congestion caused by flooding accidents.
4. Risk prevention
(1) to decorate material placed properly, pointed objects to the appropriate protection, prevent collision injury.
(2) the small metal parts to place is in order, especially the nail. Scrap wood nail nails, bending when pressing.
(3) the work high above the safety measures is to work with sufficient aerial work equipment. Want to and
(4) solid engineering, installation, ceiling lamps, etc., must play expansion screws, play a little more in one thousand.
(5) shall be made by the formal training personnel to operate all kinds of construction machinery and take necessary safety measures. Pay particular attention to the mechanical safety such as saws, high-pressure nail gun.
5. The electricity
(1) wire line should not be disorderly to pull on the ground, more unfavorable on the rolling.
(2) wire duct through in the water, so as to avoid leakage caused personal injury
(3) wire pipe surface is broken, it should be replaced in a timely manner.
(4) power box to install the necessary grounding line and leakage protection switch.
(5) the electrician electrical by formal training should be responsible for the project.
6. The proof
(1) carefully placed all kinds of chemical materials and take a certain partition measures.
(2) construction, should not be a large number of construction, to keep a certain extent, so as to avoid the air contains a lot of toxic substances and cause poisoning, explosion and other accidents.
(3) the paint in construction of debugging, should keep indoor and ventilated.
(4) the use of chemical materials, to wear rubber gloves and other protective measures.
(5) the unidentified object or material, don't mess with a mess.
(5) not under no expert guidance to allocate chemical raw materials.
(7) for strong acid, strong alkali, strong volatile materials to strengthen security protection.
Eleven, burglar mesh, and electronic monitoring
I don't know from that place, from the earliest when to start, burglar mesh sprang up, until the flood. First with a small bar, then use a flat iron, then appeared more and more thick stainless steel.
In recent years, some modernisers heavily criticised burglar mesh, and advocated to use electronic monitoring system.
In interior design, there is a very famous word: function first, form second. The burglar mesh, exactly is function and form of the most typical conflict. The paper talk about some views.
1. The thief
The author thinks that, first of all, is a reflection of a social phenomenon. In the late 80 s, internal security began to deteriorate. The inadequate and realistic cases, at the time, is a very effective method of self protection.
1) the advantages and disadvantages of the burglar mesh. , there are three benefits: (1) to strengthen security protection; (2) increase the indoor practical area; (3) to prevent accidentally fell when the children play in the window.
Burglar mesh has three disadvantages: (1) fire, reducing the chance of escape; (2) preventing anything-from, affects the building
Build appearance; (3), become very beneficial thief climb, harm no burglar mesh of the safety of the bedroom.
2), the matters of attention in the design and use.
It is discussed that the veranda aegis net of (1), try to adopt a unified style, keep the building of unified look, this is for everybody.
(2), the installation must use anchors, and more fixed.
(3) do not place heavy objects on guard against theft online.
It is discussed that the veranda aegis net of (4), use stainless steel material as far as possible, in order to avoid rusting, both in much more conducive to use again.
It is discussed that the veranda aegis net of (5), large enough doors should be reserved. One might say the window under the stairs to the exit door to do? You can rest assured that firefighters have a ladder.
(6) escape door locks should be regularly (half moon) open time, in order to ensure good condition, and lubricating oil regularly (monthly).
2. Electronic monitoring
Electronic anti-theft electronic guard against theft is divided into two kinds: cluster and indoor electronic guard against theft.
1) cluster electronic guard against theft. Monitoring, also called village by village in all corners of the closed-circuit monitoring system of monitoring Settings. There are two main forms:
(1) CCTV cameras. Images that are related by closed-circuit cameras to monitor sent to the village office.
(2) infrared detectors. The passage area such as walls set infrared detectors, occurred in this area make the district office can know.
2) indoor electronic guard against theft. Also known as indoor monitor, is through monitoring detection system installed in the interior, is happening, will send alarm signal to the district office, at the same time, the interior also can be set up in police warning.
3) the basic knowledge of detecting head.
(1) infrared detection. It is through the detection of the infrared radiation of human body within a specific band implementing trigger. Infrared can be used in a straight line detection, also can implement sector detection.
(2) microwave detecting head. Is triggered by indoor mobile object implementation.
(3) dual probe head. Is using infrared and microwave trigger at the same time. This is a kind of insurance practice, because infrared easy to interference, but also by a certain means to reduce the body's infrared radiation, and microwave high false alarm rate. A combination of these, to improve the accuracy of detection.
(3), compared with the electronic monitoring
(1), is a versatile form of guard against theft, and have certain express deterrent effect, this block is generally thieves can't measure.
(2) electronic monitoring is a relatively pure form of guard against theft, unless the thief already know in advance, otherwise may play a deterrent effect. On the contrary, if the thief had entered indoor, when alarm system call, may be used against living personnel actions, rather than escape.
(3), the price is relatively cheap, and electronic monitoring to do, so the whole house, the price may be several times or even dozens of times higher.
(4), can undertake independent defence function, when found a thief USES violence damage, should have enough time to call the police for help.
(5) electronic monitoring can operate independently, it needs to have a more defensive system, such as complete district partition measures and security to the community.
To sum up, the author thinks that, even with electronic monitoring, should also be in the window, balcony inside in areas such as the adoption of a certain hard measures, such as steel window flowers. Soft measures of household anti-theft inappropriate completely. On this point, the author still think should be "function first, form second."