1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil building construction of artificial stone.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 cement: ordinary Portland cement, 325 (or 325 white cement). Should have the factory certificate or second interview list, when according to the results using the factory for more than three months.
2.1.2 sand, coarse sand and medium sand, sieving before use. Sand silt content of less than 5%. Must not contain any grassroots etc sundry. The silt content should be test on a regular basis.
2.1.3 stone slag: small eight mile (particle size below 4 mm), should be strong and light.
2.1.4 107 plastic and mineral pigments, pigment should be alkali resistance, resistance to light and so on.
2.1.5 main machines: the scale, iron plate, 5 mm sieve aperture, trolleys, drum, small, watering can, the ash bucket trough, water scoop, grey spoon, flat shovel, mortar board, wood float, iron float, Yin and Yang Angle float, single blade axe and hatchet, fine wheel piece (repair and ground axes use), steel wire brush, iron level, steel tape, meters, on foot, mm, broom, large, medium, small, small white line, chalk line, line drop clip, steel bar and a hammer and chisel, nails, rubber shoes, tool bag, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 do first to do good structure acceptance ping before artificial stone, a type of work (water and electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.) should be done in front, and water power.
2.2.2 to make steps, doors and Windows, the door window frame made and fixed firmly, fill in seam the edge of the box. Especially of aluminium alloy door window frame, appropriate paste the protective film, and materials according to the requirements of design embedded tucked up seam, to prevent pollution and corrosion.
2.2.3 in accordance with the requirements of the design drawing, play good level elevation line and the center line of the cylinder, and pitched well ahead of the scaffold (should be double bent tower, the bearing rod, and strut Angle should leave the walls and doors and Windows 150 ~ 200 m. The shelf high step to conform to the requirements of the construction).
2.2.4 metope grassroots clean, plugging good hand-eye feet, windowsill, window had build by laying bricks or stones, etc.
2.2.5 stone slag to sieving before use, to remove powder, impurities, clean and set aside.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Basic level processing - hung vertically, set square, find rules - stick ash cake to wipe the underlying mortar, plaster stone slag layer - >
Water conservation - play line - chop stone
3.2 basic level processing: first of all will be stuck between the bulge of concrete or brick wall, concrete wall of large steel mould construction should be cut hair, filled with a wire brush to brush again, water wet again. If primary concrete surface is very smooth, can adopt the following "roughen processing" method, namely the surface dust, dirt clean first, brush with 10% caustic soda water to the pan of oil, then use clean water to lye rinse and dry. Then in 1:1 in the fine cement mortar mixing water consumption is 20% of the 107 glue, spray or use the broom to mortar on the wall, the sling points to evenly, water maintenance after the final set. Until the cement mortar bumps smooth on all glued to the concrete, and has high strength (with the hand break fixed).
3.3 hanging vertical, set square, find rules, stick ash cake; According to the requirements of design drawings, the design needs to be done around artificial stone walls, the center line of the cylinder, and large Angle and doors and Windows, thread object hanging vertical line, find a straight stick ash cake. Horizontal lines are horizontal baseline floor or + 50 cm elevation line control. Each layer of render it as grey as a reference point for screed, set square, find rules, stick ash cake, in order to control the bottom ash, horizontal rows. At the same time pay attention to find good eaves, waist line, windowsill, awning and the steps such as decorative surface water slope.
3.4 wipe the underlying mortar: structural plane in advance water wet, brush a mixed water consumption is 10% of the first 107 rubber cement slurry, followed by impact in advance good reinforcement stratified sampling points over 1:3 cement mortar, thickness of the first pass officer is 5 mm, MAO wipe after use broom; Works for the first time six to seventy percent, and the second time to smear, about 6 ~ 8 mm thickness, and reinforcement, with a trowel compaction, scraping rod leveling, rub hair, metope Angle to vertical founder of Yin and Yang. After the final set water conservation. Steps according to the step width and height of the bottom cushion on foot plastering cement mortar, flattening of compaction, the width and height of each step to meet the requirements of the drawings. The steps facing slope l %.
3.5 plaster stone slag layer: according to the requirements of design drawings in the foundation of ash play good points, lines, when required by the design without, to the appropriate points.
Will first wall, column, the steps such as base ash water wet, and then the article divided mm with plain cement paste stick better. After being article frame has the certain strength, can plaster stone slag, mud and then put a layer of grain water first plaster layer, layer 1:1.25 (volume ratio) cement slurry, the thickness of about 10 mm. Then use iron float bearing pressure repeated several times until driven compaction, the flat edges without gap. Immediately with a soft brush dips in water to surface water mud brushes off, make out the stone slag uniform. Surface water curing wipe after about 24 h.
After 3.6 chop stone: the good, room temperature (15 ~ 30 ℃) about every 2 ~ 3 d can start cut, the temperature is low (5 ~ 15 ℃) about every 4 ~ 5 d after the good start cut, as it tries to chop stones could be officially chopped off. The edges and corners in order to ensure that intact, make artificial stone has really stone feeling, can be in the corner, pillar equilateral stare blankly, appropriate cross cut out side or set aside 15 ~ 20 mm edge article don't chop.
In order to ensure the cut lines vertical and parallel, can draw vertical line inside the frame, or zoned parallel vertical line on the steps, the control cut lines, parallel to the line.
Chop stone when the strength should be consistent, perpendicular to the bedding face, chopped down a direction, to maintain uniform chop veins. Generally the depth of cut stone to be suitable to cut off a third stone slag, chopped to make fake stone product beauty is generous.
Winter construction: 3.7 generally only during winter construction, stage of winter construction.
3.7.1 winter construction, the use of mortar shall not be lower than 5 ℃ temperature, slurry before hardening, antifreezing measures should be taken.
3.7.2 with freezing method of masonry wall, should be the plaster again after thawing.
Early 3.7.3 hardened mortar plastering layer may not be cold. The temperature below 5 ℃, can be used in the outdoor rendering mortar mixed with admixture can reduce the freezing temperature, its content should be determined by test.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 artificial stone varieties, the quality of the materials used, color, pattern, must comply with the design requirements and provisions of the current standard.
4.1.2 between various plaster and plaster between layer and the substrate must be bonded firmly, no delaminating, empty drum and cracks and other defects.
4.2 the basic items:
2 surface: chop uniform straight grain, depth, color is consistent, without chop. Yang Angle of horizontal chop or set aside not cut edge width should be consistent, edges and no damage.
4.2.2 frame joints: uniform, width and depth (seam) level off is smooth, neat corners, horizontal flat vertical and smooth.
Holdings drip line (tank), water wave to the right, drip line straight, throating width and depth are not less than 10 mm, and uniformity.
4.3 project artificial stone allowable deviation, see table 9-8.
The allowable deviation of artificial stone table 9 to 8
Will project allowable deviation check method (mm)
1 elevation vertical 4 in 2 m line board check
Surface is flat and level 3 in 2 m by 2 feet and wedge feeler check
Three Yin and Yang Angle vertically and in 2 m line board check
Use the 20 cm, Yin and Yang Angle founder 3 meters and wedge feeler check
5 dado, le feet flat top of the 3 m string cable and quantity check
Article 6 points, flat 3 5 m string cable and quantity check
5 finished product protection
5.1 to wipe residue on the door and window in time of mortar. Especially in aluminum alloy door window frame, appropriate paste the protective film, prevent pollution and corrosion.
5.2 earnestly implement reasonable construction sequence, a type of work (water and electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.) should be in the front, to prevent damage to surface and finished products.
5.3 the plaster layer before condensation should prevent the quick drying, sunlight, water, the impact and vibration.
5.4 when the demolition of frame wall and edges/corners from being careful not to touch.
5.5 to prevent slurry oil liquid pollution and fake stone, to keep fake stone clean and consistent color.
5.6 every board to protect the edges and corners have parts application.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 empty drum crack:
6.1.1 for winter construction temperature is low, the mortar seas, until the spring thaw, easy to produce or bad bonding at the grass-roots level surface and bottom empty drum, severe pulverization phenomenon. So in the outdoor artificial stone should keep warm, unfavorable winter construction.
6.1.2 the ground floor and the steps at the grass-roots level backfill soil should be distributed layered tamping dense, otherwise easy to cause the concrete cushion with empty drum and settlement cracks at the local level. Concrete steps mat thickness should not be less than 8 cm.
Also 6.1.3 base materials not should add steel screen at the same time. Different approach and steps on the ground, the basis of article should be lien settlement joint or frame; Prevent uneven subsidence and cracks.
6.1.4 bottom, layer thickness more than 4 cm, on the ground floor should add the diameter of the steel 4 mm or 6 mm diameter, the distance is 200 mm, the prevention of cracks.
6.1.5 surface deflection at the grass-roots level, basic level processing or improper construction, such as each layer of plaster with too tight, there is no water conservation, the bonding strength between the layers is very poor, the surface layer and base is easy to produce cracks empty drum.
6.1.6 grassroots cleanup not net and didn't make serious processing, is often caused by surface and empty drum of the main causes of cracks at the grass-roots level. Therefore, must be strictly according to the standard operation, attaches great importance to the basic level processing and maintenance.
6.2 chop grain uneven: mainly didn't grasp well time, chop chop lines not rules, operation is inconsistent and forcibly axe blade unhappiness, etc. Should strengthen the technical training, coaching and grasp model, to model to guide operation and construction.
6.3 chop served with pit: large area before chop chop, try surface caused by low intensity.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records
7.1 cement factory certificates and test reports; Stone slag product certificate.
7.2 the sand material.
7.3 adhesive and mineral pigment factory certification.
7.4 quality inspection records.
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil building construction of artificial stone.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 cement: ordinary Portland cement, 325 (or 325 white cement). Should have the factory certificate or second interview list, when according to the results using the factory for more than three months.
2.1.2 sand, coarse sand and medium sand, sieving before use. Sand silt content of less than 5%. Must not contain any grassroots etc sundry. The silt content should be test on a regular basis.
2.1.3 stone slag: small eight mile (particle size below 4 mm), should be strong and light.
2.1.4 107 plastic and mineral pigments, pigment should be alkali resistance, resistance to light and so on.
2.1.5 main machines: the scale, iron plate, 5 mm sieve aperture, trolleys, drum, small, watering can, the ash bucket trough, water scoop, grey spoon, flat shovel, mortar board, wood float, iron float, Yin and Yang Angle float, single blade axe and hatchet, fine wheel piece (repair and ground axes use), steel wire brush, iron level, steel tape, meters, on foot, mm, broom, large, medium, small, small white line, chalk line, line drop clip, steel bar and a hammer and chisel, nails, rubber shoes, tool bag, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 do first to do good structure acceptance ping before artificial stone, a type of work (water and electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.) should be done in front, and water power.
2.2.2 to make steps, doors and Windows, the door window frame made and fixed firmly, fill in seam the edge of the box. Especially of aluminium alloy door window frame, appropriate paste the protective film, and materials according to the requirements of design embedded tucked up seam, to prevent pollution and corrosion.
2.2.3 in accordance with the requirements of the design drawing, play good level elevation line and the center line of the cylinder, and pitched well ahead of the scaffold (should be double bent tower, the bearing rod, and strut Angle should leave the walls and doors and Windows 150 ~ 200 m. The shelf high step to conform to the requirements of the construction).
2.2.4 metope grassroots clean, plugging good hand-eye feet, windowsill, window had build by laying bricks or stones, etc.
2.2.5 stone slag to sieving before use, to remove powder, impurities, clean and set aside.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Basic level processing - hung vertically, set square, find rules - stick ash cake to wipe the underlying mortar, plaster stone slag layer - >
Water conservation - play line - chop stone
3.2 basic level processing: first of all will be stuck between the bulge of concrete or brick wall, concrete wall of large steel mould construction should be cut hair, filled with a wire brush to brush again, water wet again. If primary concrete surface is very smooth, can adopt the following "roughen processing" method, namely the surface dust, dirt clean first, brush with 10% caustic soda water to the pan of oil, then use clean water to lye rinse and dry. Then in 1:1 in the fine cement mortar mixing water consumption is 20% of the 107 glue, spray or use the broom to mortar on the wall, the sling points to evenly, water maintenance after the final set. Until the cement mortar bumps smooth on all glued to the concrete, and has high strength (with the hand break fixed).
3.3 hanging vertical, set square, find rules, stick ash cake; According to the requirements of design drawings, the design needs to be done around artificial stone walls, the center line of the cylinder, and large Angle and doors and Windows, thread object hanging vertical line, find a straight stick ash cake. Horizontal lines are horizontal baseline floor or + 50 cm elevation line control. Each layer of render it as grey as a reference point for screed, set square, find rules, stick ash cake, in order to control the bottom ash, horizontal rows. At the same time pay attention to find good eaves, waist line, windowsill, awning and the steps such as decorative surface water slope.
3.4 wipe the underlying mortar: structural plane in advance water wet, brush a mixed water consumption is 10% of the first 107 rubber cement slurry, followed by impact in advance good reinforcement stratified sampling points over 1:3 cement mortar, thickness of the first pass officer is 5 mm, MAO wipe after use broom; Works for the first time six to seventy percent, and the second time to smear, about 6 ~ 8 mm thickness, and reinforcement, with a trowel compaction, scraping rod leveling, rub hair, metope Angle to vertical founder of Yin and Yang. After the final set water conservation. Steps according to the step width and height of the bottom cushion on foot plastering cement mortar, flattening of compaction, the width and height of each step to meet the requirements of the drawings. The steps facing slope l %.
3.5 plaster stone slag layer: according to the requirements of design drawings in the foundation of ash play good points, lines, when required by the design without, to the appropriate points.
Will first wall, column, the steps such as base ash water wet, and then the article divided mm with plain cement paste stick better. After being article frame has the certain strength, can plaster stone slag, mud and then put a layer of grain water first plaster layer, layer 1:1.25 (volume ratio) cement slurry, the thickness of about 10 mm. Then use iron float bearing pressure repeated several times until driven compaction, the flat edges without gap. Immediately with a soft brush dips in water to surface water mud brushes off, make out the stone slag uniform. Surface water curing wipe after about 24 h.
After 3.6 chop stone: the good, room temperature (15 ~ 30 ℃) about every 2 ~ 3 d can start cut, the temperature is low (5 ~ 15 ℃) about every 4 ~ 5 d after the good start cut, as it tries to chop stones could be officially chopped off. The edges and corners in order to ensure that intact, make artificial stone has really stone feeling, can be in the corner, pillar equilateral stare blankly, appropriate cross cut out side or set aside 15 ~ 20 mm edge article don't chop.
In order to ensure the cut lines vertical and parallel, can draw vertical line inside the frame, or zoned parallel vertical line on the steps, the control cut lines, parallel to the line.
Chop stone when the strength should be consistent, perpendicular to the bedding face, chopped down a direction, to maintain uniform chop veins. Generally the depth of cut stone to be suitable to cut off a third stone slag, chopped to make fake stone product beauty is generous.
Winter construction: 3.7 generally only during winter construction, stage of winter construction.
3.7.1 winter construction, the use of mortar shall not be lower than 5 ℃ temperature, slurry before hardening, antifreezing measures should be taken.
3.7.2 with freezing method of masonry wall, should be the plaster again after thawing.
Early 3.7.3 hardened mortar plastering layer may not be cold. The temperature below 5 ℃, can be used in the outdoor rendering mortar mixed with admixture can reduce the freezing temperature, its content should be determined by test.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 artificial stone varieties, the quality of the materials used, color, pattern, must comply with the design requirements and provisions of the current standard.
4.1.2 between various plaster and plaster between layer and the substrate must be bonded firmly, no delaminating, empty drum and cracks and other defects.
4.2 the basic items:
2 surface: chop uniform straight grain, depth, color is consistent, without chop. Yang Angle of horizontal chop or set aside not cut edge width should be consistent, edges and no damage.
4.2.2 frame joints: uniform, width and depth (seam) level off is smooth, neat corners, horizontal flat vertical and smooth.
Holdings drip line (tank), water wave to the right, drip line straight, throating width and depth are not less than 10 mm, and uniformity.
4.3 project artificial stone allowable deviation, see table 9-8.
The allowable deviation of artificial stone table 9 to 8
Will project allowable deviation check method (mm)
1 elevation vertical 4 in 2 m line board check
Surface is flat and level 3 in 2 m by 2 feet and wedge feeler check
Three Yin and Yang Angle vertically and in 2 m line board check
Use the 20 cm, Yin and Yang Angle founder 3 meters and wedge feeler check
5 dado, le feet flat top of the 3 m string cable and quantity check
Article 6 points, flat 3 5 m string cable and quantity check
5 finished product protection
5.1 to wipe residue on the door and window in time of mortar. Especially in aluminum alloy door window frame, appropriate paste the protective film, prevent pollution and corrosion.
5.2 earnestly implement reasonable construction sequence, a type of work (water and electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.) should be in the front, to prevent damage to surface and finished products.
5.3 the plaster layer before condensation should prevent the quick drying, sunlight, water, the impact and vibration.
5.4 when the demolition of frame wall and edges/corners from being careful not to touch.
5.5 to prevent slurry oil liquid pollution and fake stone, to keep fake stone clean and consistent color.
5.6 every board to protect the edges and corners have parts application.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 empty drum crack:
6.1.1 for winter construction temperature is low, the mortar seas, until the spring thaw, easy to produce or bad bonding at the grass-roots level surface and bottom empty drum, severe pulverization phenomenon. So in the outdoor artificial stone should keep warm, unfavorable winter construction.
6.1.2 the ground floor and the steps at the grass-roots level backfill soil should be distributed layered tamping dense, otherwise easy to cause the concrete cushion with empty drum and settlement cracks at the local level. Concrete steps mat thickness should not be less than 8 cm.
Also 6.1.3 base materials not should add steel screen at the same time. Different approach and steps on the ground, the basis of article should be lien settlement joint or frame; Prevent uneven subsidence and cracks.
6.1.4 bottom, layer thickness more than 4 cm, on the ground floor should add the diameter of the steel 4 mm or 6 mm diameter, the distance is 200 mm, the prevention of cracks.
6.1.5 surface deflection at the grass-roots level, basic level processing or improper construction, such as each layer of plaster with too tight, there is no water conservation, the bonding strength between the layers is very poor, the surface layer and base is easy to produce cracks empty drum.
6.1.6 grassroots cleanup not net and didn't make serious processing, is often caused by surface and empty drum of the main causes of cracks at the grass-roots level. Therefore, must be strictly according to the standard operation, attaches great importance to the basic level processing and maintenance.
6.2 chop grain uneven: mainly didn't grasp well time, chop chop lines not rules, operation is inconsistent and forcibly axe blade unhappiness, etc. Should strengthen the technical training, coaching and grasp model, to model to guide operation and construction.
6.3 chop served with pit: large area before chop chop, try surface caused by low intensity.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records
7.1 cement factory certificates and test reports; Stone slag product certificate.
7.2 the sand material.
7.3 adhesive and mineral pigment factory certification.
7.4 quality inspection records.
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