Precast concrete plate and the concrete square brick paving construction
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil construction of the plant area, garden road and parking lots, etc., laying square brick and cement precast concrete plate surface.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 precast concrete plates: the strength should not be less than 20 mpa, specification of 49.5 cm x 49.5 cm, thickness of pavement tile for more than 10 cm, sidewalks and yard tile thickness for more than 5 cm. Comes into play should have the factory certificate, concrete strength testing records. And appearance inspection of concrete plate, the surface requirement is close-grained, no pits, cracks and peeling, edge horn founder, without distortion, the lack of Angle, out side. Plate allowable deviation: length, width + / - 2.5 mm, and thickness of + / - 2.5 mm, length is 400 mm or higher roughness of LMM, the length of 800 mm or higher, flatness is 2 mm.
2.1.2 cement square brick: size is 25 cm x 25 cm x 5 cm, compressive strength, flexural strength, comply with the design requirements, the specifications, variety selection according to design requirements, the appearance of edge tidy founder, surface smooth, level off, without distortion, missing Angle, edge phenomenon, comes into play have factory certification.
2.1.3 sand, coarse sand, medium sand.
2.1.4 cement: more than 325 ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement, have the factory certificate.
2.1.5 grinding fine lime powder, reoccupy after 48 h maturation in advance.
2.1.6 precast concrete and road opposite sides-to hold, size and strength grade prefabricated in advance according to the drawing processing.
2.1.7 major equipment: small, half barrels, broom, bucket flat shovel, iron float, big wooden poles, small wood, wire netting, sieve, sieve, watering can, hammer, rubber hammer, chisel, and of the valve plate fixture, pole, trolleys, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 courtyard or village of all kinds of underground pipeline, such as wastewater, rain water, cable, gas, etc. After construction, and the acceptance check.
2.2.2 yard or community site has basic level off, the obstacles have been wiped out.
2.2.3 yard or village roads have pay-off and copy flat, elevation, size is according to the requirement of design. Embankment foundation soil compaction, compactness comply with the design requirements, and have quality check acceptance.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Lime soil cushion layer - > find elevation, pull to the opposite - paving the road pavement brick, filling and sewing
Lime soil cushion: 3.2 of the foundation soil compaction on lime soil cushion the breakdown of the operation, the thickness of the layers according to design requirements, the thickness should be not less than 100 mm.
Lime soil cushion should use curing mix of limestone and clay laid, the appropriate mix of volume for 3:7 (curing lime, clay, clay may not contain organic impurities, before use should be sieving, the particle size shall not be greater than 15 mm. Curing lime can be used grinding fine lime, and according to the volume ratio of clay and sprinkling water mixing pile used after 8 h.
Lime soil mix should be uniform mixing, color is consistent, and keep a certain humidity.
Lime soil mix should be layered with the shop with the ram, each layer of the appropriate virtual height is 150 ~ 250 mm, ramming low dry density should comply with the design requirements.
3.3 find elevation, arrows: lime soil cushion after finished, according to existing building elevation and design requirements of the road surface elevation, and delay the long road to hit a stake (or reinforcing rod), use level after sight, horizontal line.
3.4 the road opposite sides-to hold the Ann: measure the width of the road, the road on both sides of the according to have a good level elevation lines, for precast concrete road opposite sides-to hold the installation. First excavated quantity good bottom elevation, to bury, flowing leveling, find straight, after pouring seam ridging mask on both sides.
3.5 brick paving pavement;
3.5.1 track of precast concrete pavement: applicable to the parking lot, factory and yard.
To approach the precast concrete blocks are selected, there will be cracks, corner, warping and carve out a defect on the surface of plates, intensity and varieties of different plates shall not be mixed use.
Horizontal line, area size can be segmented according to the pavement field pavement, first shop in each period of the two end of a row of concrete plate, as a standard code build by laying bricks or stones.
Before paving after lime soil cushion is clean, combined with a 25 mm thick layer of mortar layer (mixture) according to design requirements, shall not be spread too, with shop plasma with build by laying bricks or stones, the plate covered with slightly higher than the horizontal line on the surface, then plate with a rubber hammer knock, make surface and horizontal line is flat. Plate gap should not be greater than 6 mm, to stay in time to check seam straightness, check the roughness of the plates with 2 m by ruler.
3.5.2 cement square brick pavement: applicable to village road and walkway.
Pull level elevation lines, clean up the lime soil cushion, on both end of each build by laying bricks or stones a line brick walkway, find a good flat and level, so as the standard for the walkway surface.
With 25 mm thick, 1:3 plaster mortar layer, bricklaying while leveling, (may not be paved area is too large, spread slurry while brick shop), with a rubber hammer knock wooden clappers, make a 250 mm x 250 mm x 50 mm square brick and cement layer together firmly. Increases with the increasing paving check seam's straight and there the surface roughness of the plate, controlled in the range of allowable deviation.
Above two slabs of the road, in front of the pavement are according to the row of brick pavement width (or plate), if you have less than a full brick (or plate), to divide the right two side, filling with cast-in-place concrete, and the road opposite phase, the strength grade should not be less than 20 mpa, if do not set the road opposite sides-to hold, attention should be paid to the side of the road straight, and soil protection.
3.6 crack seal: precast concrete plates or cement within 2 d square brick paving, should according to the design requirements of materials (sand or mortar) for irrigation seam, filled, after filling the surface is clean after being combined with layer to strength, can walk here. Summer construction, road surface to water conservation.
3.7 winter construction:
3.7.1 winter construction, its mixed with antifreeze to determine its mix after test.
3.7.2 such as using the mortar, had better use hot water mixing, mortar shall not be lower than + 5 ℃, using temperature and increases with the increasing mix use, good thermal insulation.
3.7.3 paving completed, must carry on the cover to prevent cold.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects: precast concrete blocks, the strength of the cement square brick, varieties, quality must meet the design requirements and acceptance of norms.
4.2 the basic items:
2 the road slope direction, the rain mouth should comply with the design requirements, such as drainage unblocked and no the phenomenon of water.
4.2.2 precast concrete blocks, cement tile paving solid, smooth surface, no loose and lack of edge, Angle of the plate, uniform seam width, stitch straight.
Holdings of the road surface straight, highly consistent, neat edges.
4.3 allowable deviation project (see table 7-15).
5 finished product protection
5.1 good pavement, cement mortar shall not be here before final set, no heavy vehicle driving on the strength is not enough.
5.2 no opposite sides-to hold the pavement of the road, pay attention to the protection of the concrete blocks by the road, prevent damage of the road.
Precast concrete blocks and cement square brick pavement allowable deviation table 7 to 15
Project allows deviation (mm) test method
Cross slope 0.2/100 check with gradient ruler
The surface roughness in 2 m by 7 feet and wedge feeler check
Seam height difference 2 with straightedge and wedge feeler check
5.3 shall not be in mixed concrete or mortar has been paved road.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 pavement after the collapse phenomenon: the main reason is that the subgrade backfill soil do not conform to the requirements of the quality, not hierarchical compaction, or paving pavement in permafrost, cold season spring been defrost road surface subsidence. Before paving pavement plate, therefore, must be strictly control the construction quality of subgrade soil and lime soil cushion layer, more not for pavement in permafrost.
Panel loose 6.2: after the pavement should be 2 d after curing, crack seal immediately, and filling is close-grained, roadside plate aperture processing is particularly important to prevent cracks is lax plate is loose. In addition to don't early to get on the car rolling control.
Surface roughness deviation is too large, rugged 6.3: before paving must pull level elevation lines, build by laying bricks or stones is at each end in a line first, as the reinforcement, with both ends standard again pull line to control the level height, at any time during the process of paving check hand the whole degree in 2 m on foot, does not conform to the requirements when dressing in a timely manner.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records:
7.1 precast concrete blocks factory certificate and strength test records.
7.2 square brick cement factory certificate.
7.3 the cement factory.
7.4 item of road engineering quality inspection evaluation form.
1 scope
The technology standard is applicable to industrial and civil construction of the plant area, garden road and parking lots, etc., laying square brick and cement precast concrete plate surface.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material and main equipments:
2.1.1 precast concrete plates: the strength should not be less than 20 mpa, specification of 49.5 cm x 49.5 cm, thickness of pavement tile for more than 10 cm, sidewalks and yard tile thickness for more than 5 cm. Comes into play should have the factory certificate, concrete strength testing records. And appearance inspection of concrete plate, the surface requirement is close-grained, no pits, cracks and peeling, edge horn founder, without distortion, the lack of Angle, out side. Plate allowable deviation: length, width + / - 2.5 mm, and thickness of + / - 2.5 mm, length is 400 mm or higher roughness of LMM, the length of 800 mm or higher, flatness is 2 mm.
2.1.2 cement square brick: size is 25 cm x 25 cm x 5 cm, compressive strength, flexural strength, comply with the design requirements, the specifications, variety selection according to design requirements, the appearance of edge tidy founder, surface smooth, level off, without distortion, missing Angle, edge phenomenon, comes into play have factory certification.
2.1.3 sand, coarse sand, medium sand.
2.1.4 cement: more than 325 ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement, have the factory certificate.
2.1.5 grinding fine lime powder, reoccupy after 48 h maturation in advance.
2.1.6 precast concrete and road opposite sides-to hold, size and strength grade prefabricated in advance according to the drawing processing.
2.1.7 major equipment: small, half barrels, broom, bucket flat shovel, iron float, big wooden poles, small wood, wire netting, sieve, sieve, watering can, hammer, rubber hammer, chisel, and of the valve plate fixture, pole, trolleys, etc.
2.2 operation conditions:
2.2.1 courtyard or village of all kinds of underground pipeline, such as wastewater, rain water, cable, gas, etc. After construction, and the acceptance check.
2.2.2 yard or community site has basic level off, the obstacles have been wiped out.
2.2.3 yard or village roads have pay-off and copy flat, elevation, size is according to the requirement of design. Embankment foundation soil compaction, compactness comply with the design requirements, and have quality check acceptance.
3 operation process
3.1 process:
Lime soil cushion layer - > find elevation, pull to the opposite - paving the road pavement brick, filling and sewing
Lime soil cushion: 3.2 of the foundation soil compaction on lime soil cushion the breakdown of the operation, the thickness of the layers according to design requirements, the thickness should be not less than 100 mm.
Lime soil cushion should use curing mix of limestone and clay laid, the appropriate mix of volume for 3:7 (curing lime, clay, clay may not contain organic impurities, before use should be sieving, the particle size shall not be greater than 15 mm. Curing lime can be used grinding fine lime, and according to the volume ratio of clay and sprinkling water mixing pile used after 8 h.
Lime soil mix should be uniform mixing, color is consistent, and keep a certain humidity.
Lime soil mix should be layered with the shop with the ram, each layer of the appropriate virtual height is 150 ~ 250 mm, ramming low dry density should comply with the design requirements.
3.3 find elevation, arrows: lime soil cushion after finished, according to existing building elevation and design requirements of the road surface elevation, and delay the long road to hit a stake (or reinforcing rod), use level after sight, horizontal line.
3.4 the road opposite sides-to hold the Ann: measure the width of the road, the road on both sides of the according to have a good level elevation lines, for precast concrete road opposite sides-to hold the installation. First excavated quantity good bottom elevation, to bury, flowing leveling, find straight, after pouring seam ridging mask on both sides.
3.5 brick paving pavement;
3.5.1 track of precast concrete pavement: applicable to the parking lot, factory and yard.
To approach the precast concrete blocks are selected, there will be cracks, corner, warping and carve out a defect on the surface of plates, intensity and varieties of different plates shall not be mixed use.
Horizontal line, area size can be segmented according to the pavement field pavement, first shop in each period of the two end of a row of concrete plate, as a standard code build by laying bricks or stones.
Before paving after lime soil cushion is clean, combined with a 25 mm thick layer of mortar layer (mixture) according to design requirements, shall not be spread too, with shop plasma with build by laying bricks or stones, the plate covered with slightly higher than the horizontal line on the surface, then plate with a rubber hammer knock, make surface and horizontal line is flat. Plate gap should not be greater than 6 mm, to stay in time to check seam straightness, check the roughness of the plates with 2 m by ruler.
3.5.2 cement square brick pavement: applicable to village road and walkway.
Pull level elevation lines, clean up the lime soil cushion, on both end of each build by laying bricks or stones a line brick walkway, find a good flat and level, so as the standard for the walkway surface.
With 25 mm thick, 1:3 plaster mortar layer, bricklaying while leveling, (may not be paved area is too large, spread slurry while brick shop), with a rubber hammer knock wooden clappers, make a 250 mm x 250 mm x 50 mm square brick and cement layer together firmly. Increases with the increasing paving check seam's straight and there the surface roughness of the plate, controlled in the range of allowable deviation.
Above two slabs of the road, in front of the pavement are according to the row of brick pavement width (or plate), if you have less than a full brick (or plate), to divide the right two side, filling with cast-in-place concrete, and the road opposite phase, the strength grade should not be less than 20 mpa, if do not set the road opposite sides-to hold, attention should be paid to the side of the road straight, and soil protection.
3.6 crack seal: precast concrete plates or cement within 2 d square brick paving, should according to the design requirements of materials (sand or mortar) for irrigation seam, filled, after filling the surface is clean after being combined with layer to strength, can walk here. Summer construction, road surface to water conservation.
3.7 winter construction:
3.7.1 winter construction, its mixed with antifreeze to determine its mix after test.
3.7.2 such as using the mortar, had better use hot water mixing, mortar shall not be lower than + 5 ℃, using temperature and increases with the increasing mix use, good thermal insulation.
3.7.3 paving completed, must carry on the cover to prevent cold.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects: precast concrete blocks, the strength of the cement square brick, varieties, quality must meet the design requirements and acceptance of norms.
4.2 the basic items:
2 the road slope direction, the rain mouth should comply with the design requirements, such as drainage unblocked and no the phenomenon of water.
4.2.2 precast concrete blocks, cement tile paving solid, smooth surface, no loose and lack of edge, Angle of the plate, uniform seam width, stitch straight.
Holdings of the road surface straight, highly consistent, neat edges.
4.3 allowable deviation project (see table 7-15).
5 finished product protection
5.1 good pavement, cement mortar shall not be here before final set, no heavy vehicle driving on the strength is not enough.
5.2 no opposite sides-to hold the pavement of the road, pay attention to the protection of the concrete blocks by the road, prevent damage of the road.
Precast concrete blocks and cement square brick pavement allowable deviation table 7 to 15
Project allows deviation (mm) test method
Cross slope 0.2/100 check with gradient ruler
The surface roughness in 2 m by 7 feet and wedge feeler check
Seam height difference 2 with straightedge and wedge feeler check
5.3 shall not be in mixed concrete or mortar has been paved road.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 pavement after the collapse phenomenon: the main reason is that the subgrade backfill soil do not conform to the requirements of the quality, not hierarchical compaction, or paving pavement in permafrost, cold season spring been defrost road surface subsidence. Before paving pavement plate, therefore, must be strictly control the construction quality of subgrade soil and lime soil cushion layer, more not for pavement in permafrost.
Panel loose 6.2: after the pavement should be 2 d after curing, crack seal immediately, and filling is close-grained, roadside plate aperture processing is particularly important to prevent cracks is lax plate is loose. In addition to don't early to get on the car rolling control.
Surface roughness deviation is too large, rugged 6.3: before paving must pull level elevation lines, build by laying bricks or stones is at each end in a line first, as the reinforcement, with both ends standard again pull line to control the level height, at any time during the process of paving check hand the whole degree in 2 m on foot, does not conform to the requirements when dressing in a timely manner.
7 quality records
This technology standard should have the following quality records:
7.1 precast concrete blocks factory certificate and strength test records.
7.2 square brick cement factory certificate.
7.3 the cement factory.
7.4 item of road engineering quality inspection evaluation form.
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