Stone masonry technology

1 scope

This technology is applicable to general industry and civil architecture outdoor plinth, stairs, ramps, pools, and garden stone masonry engineering.

2 construction preparation

2.1 materials and equipment:

2.1.1 stone: the varieties, specifications, colors, must comply with the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the code, should have a factory certificate.

2.1.2 sand: suitable for coarse and medium sand. 5mm aperture sieve sieve, made less than M5 mortar, sand clay content may not exceed 10%; equal to or greater than M5 mortar, sand clay content may not exceed 5%, and should not have grass-roots and other debris.

2.1.3 cement: No. 325 of slag Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement. Factory certificate and retest. If date is more than three months, according to retest results.

2.1.4 water: tap water or clean water that contains no harmful substances.

2.1.5 other material: tie bar, embedded parts should be treated.

2.1.6 major equipment should be equipped with mixer, sieve, a shovel, a small hammer, a shovel and supporting plate, wire pendant, horizontal ruler, steel tape measure, a small white line, half a bucket, broom, tool bags, trolleys, Rod and so on.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 base, cushion has completed construction and had done hidden procedures.

2.2.2 base, cushion surface walls of the well axis and line up counting poles, spacing is about 15mm. Corners should be counting, counting number of masonry and masonry to be given on height.

2.2.3 before laying cable check your base, cushion surface elevation dimensions comply with the design requirements, such as the first skin thickness of horizontal mortar joint than 20mm, applied fine aggregate concrete screed, not replaced with mortar mixed with stones.

2.2.4 mortar mix is determined by laboratory and metering equipment tested, mortar model has been prepared.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Mortar mixing

↓

Ready → test → building materials → the end of row pile testing evaluation

3.2 prior to laying, should review the line of play, position and size, the design requirements, according to arena stone specifications, sizes, color test row, left at the end, the Group built.

3.3 mixing mortar:

3.3.1 mortar mix used to weight ratio, cement metering accuracy is within ± 2%.

3.3.2 used mechanical mixing and mixing procedure → → → cement admixture of sand for water. Mixing time in the 90s.

3.3.3 should mix with the use, mix should be used in the 3h, such as temperatures over 30 degrees Celsius, should be used up within 2H, no overnight mortar used.

3.3.4 mortar specimen: Foundation by a floor or a blender to make a unit of 250m3 masonry blocks (6 per group), such as a mixture of materials when there is a change, and blocks should be done.

3.4 stone masonry:

3.4.1 unit masonry should be correct, stone masonry should be upper and lower joints, inside and outside the ride building, d masonry stone foundation of the first application. Pulp masonry, stair-shaped base, superior stone should pressure the lower stone at least one-third.

3.4.2 stone masonry thickness of horizontal mortar joint, should be determined by type of stone, fine stone masonry is not greater than 5mm; half fine stone masonry is not greater than 10MM; crude stone masonry should not be greater than 20mm.

3.4.3 stone walls that are longer than the design requirement, slot should be set according to the design requirements, when segmented masonry stone walls, built height difference must not exceed 1.2m.

3.5 construction the winter rain:

3.5.1 10d consecutive day when the projected average temperatures below 5 degrees or minimum temperatures below-3 c on the day, entered the winter construction.

3.5.2 winter construction of Portland cement should be used, according to the winter programme and heats the water, sand, mortar used when the temperature should be above + 5 degrees centigrade.

3.5.3 in rainy season construction should prevent rain washed walls, knock off from work should be covered on the masonry surface, daily laying height should not be more than 1.2m.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project:

4.1.1 stone variety, size, strength, color, must be in accordance with the design requirements, factory certificate.

4.1.2 mortar variety, strength must conform to the design requirements, the same strength grade mortar must comply with the following requirements:

4.1.2.1 set of blocks of an average intensity of not less than FM,k.

4.1.2.2 arbitrary set of blocks strength not less than 0.75fm,k.

When there is only a set of blocks, whose strength is less than FM,k.

4.1.3 the corner must be masonry, junction must be left oblique Cha cannot be built at the same time.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 masonry should ride built inside and outside, the upper and lower joints, La stone, small stone masonry alternating sets, smooth stone placed, mortar joint even consistent, conforming to the norms of mortar joint thickness.

4.2.2 stone masonry walls along ash caulking should be used, bond, dense, smooth, horizontal flat, vertical handover, the wall clean, clear and beautiful.

4.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 6-3.

Table 6-3

Tolerance (mm)

Top times top wool half fine stone stone stone crude stone test methods

Foundation wall wall wall wall, column, column

1 axis displacement 20 15 15 10 10 10 theodolite, water

2 base and top level ± 25 ± 15 ± 15 +15 ± 10 ± 10 gauge, standard checking

Masonry thickness ± 15 +10-5 ± 30 +20-10 3 +10-5 + 10-5 ' check

Verticality of each layer-20-10 7 5 theodolite or supporting wire

High-30-25 20 15 ± hold each lining Board check

Wall and column-20-10 7 5 5 flatness on foot and wedgeplug inspections

6 horizontal mortar joint---10 7 5 10m little straight lines, standard checking

5 finished product protection

5.1 material wall masonry finished, without the check acceptance, axes, counting rods were, level pile should be protected, shall not be damaged, removed.

5.2 buried structures in masonry reinforcement should be protected, should not be trodden down by bending.

5.3 fine stone walls, columns, crib, wood, plastic sheeting to protect and prevent damage to the cord to corner or pollution.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 mortar strength and stability: material measurement to be exact, time to meet the prescribed requirements. Test and maintenance, pressure to meet the requirements.

6.2 horizontal mortar joint grievance: counting poles should be made strong, consistent elevation, built small line taut, wearing flat walls, laying line.

6.3 stone quality does not meet the requirements: entry materials, specifications, color acceptance to strictly. Does not meet the request rejected, don't worry.

6.4 the caulking rough: thanks ash operations, joint depth, horizontal seam junction formation, surface clean.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 material (stone, cement, sand, and so on) certificate and retest report of the factory.

7.2 mortar sample test report.

7.3 quality inspection and assessment of the project.

7.4 hidden inspection, inspection records.

7.5 winter construction records.

7.6 design change and record of negotiation.

7.7 other technical information.