1 scope
The technology standard is suitable for use in lighting engineering pipe threading installation project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 insulated wires: wire type, specification must comply with the design requirements, and the factory quality certificate.
2.1.2 galvanized iron wire or steel wire: no back button should be straight, twist to wait for a phenomenon, and the corresponding mechanical strain.
2.1.3 protecting mouth: according to the size of the pipe diameter should choose corresponding specifications of the mouth.
2.1.4 screw connection button: should choose according to wire section and the root of the wire number corresponding models of spiral wire reinforced insulation steel shell button.
2.1.5 LC type line pressing cap: has the flame retardant properties of oxygen index for more than 27%, suitable for aluminium conductor was 2.5, 4 was two kinds, suitable for copper wires was 1 to 4 was knot, pressure can be divided into yellow, white, red, green, and blue five kinds of color, can choose according to conductor section and root number used (aluminum wire with green, and blue; copper with yellow, white, red).
2.1.6 casing: a copper tube, aluminum tube, copper aluminum casing three transition, when choosing should be adopted and the conductor material, specifications corresponding casing.
2.1.7 terminal (wiring nose) : should choose according to conductor is the root of the number and the total cross section corresponding specifications of the terminal.
2.1.8 solder, tin, lead and antimony elements such as combination of low melting point alloy (185 ~ 260 ℃). Solder strips or filiform.
2.1.9 flux: can remove dirt and inhibit the workpiece surface oxide. General welding should use fluid of rosin, the natural rosin emulsion liquid, dissolved in alcohol made suitable for copper and copper alloy welding parts.
2.1.10 auxiliary materials: rubber (or plastic) insulation tape, black tape, talcum powder, cloth, etc.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 g silk sweet, long nose pliers, stripping pliers, crimping pliers, motorized cart.
2.2.2 electric furnace, tin pan, tin, tin spoon, soldering iron.
2.2.3 word screwdriver; cross screwdriver, electric knife, high stool, multimeter, megohmmeter.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 piping engineering or trough installation with civil structure are completed.
2.3.2 high-rise building in high voltage shaft, low shaft, integrated wiring, shaft, piping and wiring duct installation.
2.3.3 cooperate with civil engineering piping or trough installed roof construction.
3 operation process
3.1 the process flow
Sweep choose wire and tube to wear belt line, pay-off and bolt - wire tie with line and -
Nozzle with protection the mouth - wire connection - line insulation shake test
3.2 choose wire:
3.2.1 should according to the regulations of design choice wires. In and out of the door of the lead rubber insulated wire should be used.
3.2.2 phase line and neutral line and protect the color of the ground wire should distinguish between the wires with light blue color for the neutral line, with yellow and green color wire to protect the earth.
3.3 cleaning the line:
3.3.1 remove dust from the piping is the purpose of cleaning the pipe, mud and other debris.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 clean line method: strong tie in with the two end of cloth line, two people pulling back and forth with the line, the tube clean of debris.
3.4 wear belt line:
3.4.1 track wear the purpose is to check whether the line is clear with the line, the location of the line and the direction of the box, box whether accord with the requirement of design and construction drawing.
3.4.2 wear method with the line:
3.4.2.1 belt line generally adopt phi is 1.2 ~ 2.0 mm wire. First will not sealing one end of the wire bent into a circle, reuse threader will take line through the line, at the ends of the pipe shall be allow allowance of 10 ~ 15 cm.
3.4.2.2 turn in the long pipeline is large, can with the line at the same time of laying pipeline will wear well.
3.4.2.3 wear line is blocked, two iron wires stirring at the same time, the application to the end of the two iron wires hook twisted together each other, and then will take line out.
3.4.2.4 flame retardant plastic corrugated pipe wall corrugated, end with a line to be bent into a circle.
3.5 the feeding and disconnection:
3.5.1 track of pay-off:
3.5.1.1 pay-off should according to construction drawing before to check the specification, type of the wire.
3.5.1.2 pay-off wire should be placed on a motorized or when taking the car.
3.5.2 disconnection:
Reserve cut wire, wire length should be taken into account in the following four kind of situations.
3.5.2.1 junction box, switch box, bolt box and lamp box reserved length of the wire should be 15 cm.
3.5.2.2 distribution box reserved length of the wire should be half the distribution box body circumference.
3.5.2.3 traverse the homes of the reserved length should be 1.5 m.
3.5.2.4 utility wires in the branch, don't cut directly through the wire.
Wire binding with line and 3.6:
3.6.1 track when the less the number of wires, such as two or three wire, wire can be front end insulation stripped, and then insert the wire core directly plate with wire circle and inverted compaction, binding solid. Smooth tie place to form a cone-shaped transition area.
3.6.2 when the number of wires or more conductor cross section is larger, can will lead the front end insulation stripped, and then arrange wire core inclined fault in line with, and wind cable tie binding firmly. Make the binding form a smooth, tapered transition joint parts, easy to thread.
3.7 pipe threading
3.7.1 steel tube (wire) before threading, should first check the nozzle mouth is neat, if there is any omission or damaged, shall be a filling and replacement.
3.7.2 when turn long pipeline is large, should I go to a tube at the same time as the thread into the right amount of talcum powder.
3.7.3 threading, the two should be coordinated, a pull a send.
3.7.4 threading should pay attention to the following questions:
3.7.4.1 wire of the same communication circuit must wear in the same tube.
3.7.4.2 different circuit, different voltage and ac and dc conductor, shall not be wear into the same tube, but except for the following conditions:
(a) nominal voltage up to 50 v circuit; (b) the same equipment or the same assembly line equipment of the power circuit and no special tamper-proof requirements of control circuit; (c) the same lanterns several circuits; (d) a few of similar lighting circuit, but the total number of wire tube should not be more than eight.
3.7.4.3 wire in deformation joints, compensating device should move freely. Wire should have a certain degree.
3.7.4.4 in vertical pipeline laying wires, when more than the length of the following should be fixed in a pipe mouth and junction box: (a) cross-sectional area of 50 was and the following wire is 30 m; (b) cross-sectional area is 70 ~ 95 was conductor is 20 m; (c) cross-sectional area between 180 ~ 240 was lead to 18 m.
3.8 wire connection:
3.8.1 wires should have the condition:
Don't add resistance 3.8.1.1 wire connector.
3.8.1.2 mechanical wire can not reduce the original mechanical strength.
3.8.1.3 not reduce the original dielectric strength.
In order to meet the above requirements, when the electrical connection in the wires, you must first cut off the insulation to connect again, and then add welding, wrapped insulation.
3.8.2 exploitation insulating tools and method of use:
3.8.2.1 exploitation insulated tools:
For a variety of wire section, insulating layer thick degree, layering, how much is different, so use the tools of stripping is also different. Commonly used tools have electrician knife, wire clamp and wire stripping pliers, can be cut, and exploited the insulating layer. General 4 was the following wire in principle to use wire stripping pliers, but when using electric knife, not allowed to use a knife ran circles around the wire stripping method of insulation layer.
3.8.2.2 exploitation insulation methods:
A single layer peeling method: not allowed to use electric knife circle exploitation insulation, should use wire stripping pliers, as shown in figure 3-13 (a).
B piecewise strip method: generally apply to multilayer insulation wire exploitation, braided rubber insulated wires, using electric knife to cut to the outer braid, and had about 12 mm of insulation, wire core length with the mechanical strength of the connection methods and requirements, as shown in figure 3-13 (b).
3.8.2.3 oblique cutting method: use electric knife to 45 ° Angle of tilt cut into the insulation layer, when the present wire core should stop hard, then should be made on the surface of the knife Angle to about 15 °, head end along the wire core surface, and then the remaining insulation stripping wire core, with a 45 ° Angle cutting edge insert back to broken, as shown in figure 3-14.
3.8.3 single core copper wire line connection:
3.8.3.1 splicing method: is suitable for single conductor connection was 4 and below. The two lines cross each other, with both hands at the same time the two core ground after two laps, the two wire core winding 5 rounds in another thread, approximately cut fertilized, see figure 3 to 15.
3.8.3.2 winding method: by auxiliary line and without auxiliary line two, that applies to more than 6 was and single conductor line connection. To mutual merger, the two line after add auxiliary line with tie line in the middle of the merger parts to both ends of winding (volume), 10 times the length of wire diameter, then two wire core end back, five laps in the single winding outward, and the auxiliary line twist wring 2 laps, more than the line cut, as shown in figure 3-16.
3.8.4 branch of the single core copper wire connections:
3.8.4.1 splicing method: is suitable for the following 4 was single conductor. In branch circuit conductor at a cross on the trunk, to play a circle to prevent fall off, and then close around five laps. After the wound, cut off line. Tie line connection and small section concrete practice of line connection as shown in figure 3-17 and figure 3-18.
3.8.4.2 around method: applies to more than 6 was and branch connection of the single conductor, 90 ° to fold into the branch line close to the main line, its and the length of the roll is 10 times the diameter of the wire, single coil winding five laps after cut the remaining threads as shown in figure 3 to 19.
3.8.4.3 cross branch wire connection is shown in figure 3-20 and shown in figure 3-21.
3.8.5 multicore wire connected directly to:
Multi-fiber copper wire connection of three methods, namely single volume method, the wind volume and rewinding. Use fine emery cloth first oxide film on the surface of the core of qing dynasty, the joint of two line conductor of the center line of cut by two-thirds, to do the lateral line core umbrella open, mutual crisscross fork into one, and will have to open the terminal synthetic one, fork connection method as shown in figure 3-22.
3.8.5.1, single method: take any two adjacent wire core, on one side of the cross in the middle of the joint, with one of the core wire for cable tie, on the wire winding, after 5 ~ 7 laps with another thread core with binding wire above the ground hold the original cable tie down after continue according to the above method, its length is 10 times the diameter of the wires, the last around the terminal and a line twist wring 2 laps after shearing. On the other side of the wire. Should pay attention to the conductors are twisted in phase is arranged in a straight line, as shown in figure 3-23.
3.8.5.2 around method: same as the single core copper wire line winding connection method.
3.8.5.3 rewinding method: apply to multicore soft wire connection. Tied the wire end of the closed with short line do temporary binding, in order to prevent the loose, will the other ends all tightly wound core 3 laps, excess terminal stepped off in turn. On the other side also shall be dealt with in accordance with this method, shown in figure 3-24.
Branch connection 3.8.6 multi-fiber copper wires
3.8.6.1 around method: to fold into the branch line 90 ° close to the main line. At the end of cable tie appropriate bent into a semicircle, tie line short end bending into and semicircle form 90 ° Angle, and connecting with tight, with a long end winding, five times the length shall be the diameter of wire junction, then twist wring 2 laps on both ends of the cable tie, cut off line, as shown in figure 3 to 25.
3.8.6.2, single method: to break the branch line (or split in two and a half), into 90 ° close to the main root and branch lines one root in the ring on his trunk, twisting cut after 3 ~ 5 laps, continue with another thread core winding cut after 3 ~ 5 laps, according to this method to connect to 5 times the diameter of the double wire, shall ensure that all cut in a straight line as shown in figure 3 - as shown in figure 3-26 and 27.
3.8.6.3 rewinding method: cut the branch line end break into two and a half after crossing the junction between the main central, the branch line toward the mainline respectively tightly wound, after more than line according to the step cut, the length of 10 times the diameter of the wire, as shown in figure 3-28 and figure 3-29.
3.8.7 copper wires in the connection terminal box:
3.8.7.1: single core and joint wire insulating units and closed. At about 12 mm from insulation stage with one of the cable
Core in its winding connection end cut after 5 ~ 7 laps, approximately the fertilized and qi back pressure on the winding line, as shown in figure 3 to 30.
3.8.7.2 different diameter wire connector: if it is a single root (conductor cross section was less than 2.5) or more core soft line should be rinse tin processing first. Then fine lines cross in 15 mm thick insulation online distance place, and will end to thick wire (alone) end winding 5 ~ 7 laps, the coarse wire end back pressure on the fine line, as shown in figure 3-31.
3.8.7.3 LC secure line pressing hat:
A copper wire line pressing cap is divided into three kinds of color, yellow, white, red, respectively applicable to 1.0 was; 1.5 was; 2.5 was; Article 4 was 2 ~ 4 wire connection. Operation method is: will lead insulation strip 12 ~ 10 mm (decision) to cap type, removal of oxide, according to the specifications to choose the appropriate line pressing cap, insert the wire core line pressing pressure over the cap, if fill in false, wire core can be folded back to peel (double) and fill up. Core is inserted after, wire insulation should be pressure control of level and within the cap shell, using special crimping pliers compaction. Note; By LC secure pressed-line cap is superior to the junction welding package old process in general, has been widely used at present in the midtown cloth, replace the wire connection to use for many years and welding package technology (junction wire connection, welding wire rinse namely tin welding; packet namely tin wire connection rinse after welding wire insulation bandaging).
B aluminum wire crimping cap is divided into two, green, and blue for was 2.5 and 4 was 2 ~ 4 wire connection, the above operation method. The related technical data are shown in table 3-17, wire inserted meet with figure 3-32, press line cap pressure interview as shown in figure 3 to 33.
Using circular casing, is going to connect the aluminum conductor at opposite ends of the aluminum casing inserted, each half into the casing; When using oval sleeve, should make the two lines to plug, thread ends respectively show casing 4 mm; Then use crimping pliers and moulding pressure, pressure modulus and depth should correspond to the casing size. As shown in figure 3-35, as shown in the related technical data are shown in table 3 to 18.
3.8.9 terminal crimping:
Multi-strand wire (copper or aluminum) can be used with wire material and specification of the corresponding terminal. Stripped wire insulation layer, don't touch the wire core, the conductors are twisted together tightly, remove the oxide film in casing, terminal hole, insert the wire core, crimping pliers clamp. Part should be less than the l ~ 2 mm lead appears, as shown in figure 3 to 36.
3.8.10 wires connected to the flat type terminal:
3.8.10.1 single conductor connections:
With a word or cross machine screws, pressure traverse along the screw tight precession direction around a circle and then tighten. Don't allow the circle pressure welding, the plate opening should not be greater than 2 mm.
A single conductor connections:
Single conductor and single conductor met 3-37; Single conductor and multi-strand wire meets 3-38.
B single conductor plate circle: the pressure to use a word or cross machine screws, pressure traverse along the screw precession direction tight around a circle and then tighten. Don't allow the circle pressure welding, the plate opening should not be greater than 2 mm as shown in figure 3-39.
C multi-strand copper cord with screws, pressure to soft wire core is made first single rim of the eye, rinse after tin, flatten it with screw padded tight solid as shown in figure 3 to 40.
Note: the above two methods exposed after pressure welding wire core length is not more than 1 mm ~ 2 mm.
3.8.11 wire connected to the pinhole type wiring pile (pressure) :
The wires to connect the wire core insert wiring within the pile head pinhole, conductor naked pinhole 1 ~ 2 mm, pinhole is greater than the diameter of wire 1 times need back insert pressure welding, as shown in figure 3-41.
3.9 wire welding:
3.9.1 aluminum welding wire:
Before welding aluminum conductor wire core break straight fold, temporary ChanBang cable tie the joint. Wire insulation in asbestos rope wrapped in a cloth soaked in water, in case of burn out. Aluminum wire used in the welding flux has two kinds: one kind is 58.5% zinc, lead, copper 5% 40% of the flux; The other is a zinc, copper, lead, 1.5% and 20% 80% of the flux. Flux components are calculated by weight ratio.
3.9.2 copper wires welding:
Because cable wire diameter and installation place is different, so the welding method has the following kinds:
Add 3.9.2.1 electric welding: suitable for wire diameter smaller wire connection and the site of welding difficulties with other tools.
Wire connection with flux, using electric soldering.
3.9.2.2 burner heating (or use the electric stove heating) : put soldering tin spoon (or tin pan), and then use burner heating (or electric furnace), solder melt after welding can be achieved. When heated to master good temperature; High temperature rinse tin not full; Low temperature rinse tin uneven. Therefore, according to the solder composition, quality and environment temperature, and many other factors, grasp the suitable temperature for welding at any time.
After the welding must be a cloth to welding flux and other dirt rub-up.
3.10 wire wound:
In the first place with a rubber (or plastic) insulation tape since beginning of sound insulation wire tapping, winding insulation belt width 1 ~ 2, wrapped in half width overlap again. The bandage should as far as possible in the process of tightening the insulation tape. Finally on the insulation layer winding after 1 ~ 2 laps, and then back to the wind. Using rubber insulation bandaging, should be stretched to entangle again after 2 times. Then use black adhesive bandage, bandage to good cohesion, with a half width pressure while winding, tightening in the process of dressing tape at the same time, the conductor on both ends of the joint application of black cloth seal tightly. After dressing should submit date form, see figure 3-42.
3.11 line inspection and insulating shake test:
3.11.1 line inspection:
Receive, after completion of all welding, package, should be self-checking and mutual inspection; Check wire, welding, meets the design requirements and the relevant construction acceptance specifications and quality inspection evaluation standard. Do not conform to the provisions, shall immediately correct, check the insulation of the reentry after shaking.
3.11.2 insulation shake test:
The insulation of the lighting wave measurement generally use 500 v, range of 1 ~ 500 m Ω megohmmeter.
: when measuring circuit insulation resistance by megger are three marked "ground" (E); "Line" (L); The protection ring (G) terminal. Can be measured respectively on both ends meet on the E and L two terminal, as shown in figure 3-43.
General lighting line insulation insulation shake test has the following two cases:
3.11.2.1 electrical appliance line insulation shake test before installation, first separate lamp holder wire inside the box, switch box wires connected. Wave measurement should be separated the main line and branch line, one test, one should be reading and record in time. Shake speed should be kept at around 120 r/mm, reading should be reading in a minute.
3.11.2.2 electrical appliances all installed before sending time measurement, shall be on the first line switch, knife switches, instruments, equipment such as power switch all placed in a disconnected position, measuring method as above mentioned, sending a test run of the reentry after insulation shake test is verified.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 specification, type of the wire shall conform to the design requirements and the provisions of the national standard.
4.1.2 lighting circuit insulation resistance value is not less than 0.5 M Ω, power circuit insulation resistance value is not less than 1 M Ω.
Test method: the measured or check insulation shake test record.
4.2 the basic items:
2 pipe threading box, box clean without sundry, to protect the mouth, convenient casing is complete without falling off, wire order, and leave the appropriate allowance. Wire inside the pipe joint does not enter the seal of vertical pipe flowing after threading box, box processing is good, the wire connection is firm, bandage tightly, good insulation, not wound wire core.
4.2.2 choose right protection grounding line and neutral line section, line conform to the rules of color, firm connection close.
Inspection method: to observe the inspection or inspection records.
4.3 allowable deviation:
Check the wire section.
Methods: to observe the caliper or use the micrometer to measure.
Check the installation records.
5 finished product protection
5. L shall not be contaminated when threading equipment and construction items, should keep the environment clean.
5.2 using high stool and other tools, should pay attention to other equipment and shall not be damaged doors and Windows, metope, ground, etc.
5.3 after receive, welding, package is complete, it should be wire connector plate into the box, box, and paper seal sealed to prevent contamination. At the same time should prevent box, the water in the oven.
5.4 thread shall not omit bring convenient casing or full mouth.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 exist in the construction of protective mouth omissions, loss, damage, and the phenomenon such as do not tally with the pipe diameter. Protect mouth omissions resulting from careless operation or loss should be timely completion, to protect the mouth damage do not tally with the pipe diameter should be replaced in a timely manner.
6.2 copper wire connection, the wire winding number less than 5 times, not according to the technological requirements connection joints shall be dismantled to reconnect.
6.3 wire connection solder is not full, a virtual welding, the phenomenon such as slag. Tin soldering temperature appropriate, rinse to uniform. Play after used cloth to wipe the excess solder in time, keep the joint parts clean.
6.4 wire line core is damaged due to overexert and stripping pliers caused by improper use. Cutting line should be selected according to wire stripping pliers corresponding edge.
6.5 more soft copper wire rinse tin omission, should be in a timely manner to repair soldering.
6.6 joint part not smooth, not tight bandage. Should be in accordance with technological requirements to them.
6.7 screw loose connection button and line core is exposed. Connection button is unqualified and wire core cut too short will cause its loose allowance, wire core shear line too long can cause core is exposed. Should be chosen and the conductor cross section and lead root number corresponding qualified products, at the same time line core reserved length of 1.2 mm advisable.
6.8 after casing pressure welding, the position of the die is not in the center line, die don't match or depth is not enough, should choose qualified pressure welding die.
6.9 line insulation resistance value is low. May be water or in the pipeline insulation damage will cause the line insulation resistance value is low. Muddy water pipeline should be timely and clear clean or replace the wire.
6.10 type LC line pressing cap and inferior product, should pay attention to the plastic cap performance of the oxygen index is lower than 27%, no flame retardant; Too much pressure to take over the pipe diameter size error, not through silver plating processing; This phenomenon should not be used, must use the qualified products.
6.11 LC type line pressing cap didn't agree to use wire line diameter specifications or fill the false false, pressure, therefore in the use of LC type line pressing cap and wire diameter matching products, should be full, crimping before the firm pressure, wire core shall not be exposed.
7 quality records
7.1 all kinds of insulation wire factory quality certificate.
7.2 insulation wire laying preview, self-inspection, mutual inspection records.
7.3 design changes regarding the record, record drawings
7.4 insulation and grounding resistance test records.
7.5 kinds of construction quality inspection records.
The technology standard is suitable for use in lighting engineering pipe threading installation project.
2 construction preparation
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 insulated wires: wire type, specification must comply with the design requirements, and the factory quality certificate.
2.1.2 galvanized iron wire or steel wire: no back button should be straight, twist to wait for a phenomenon, and the corresponding mechanical strain.
2.1.3 protecting mouth: according to the size of the pipe diameter should choose corresponding specifications of the mouth.
2.1.4 screw connection button: should choose according to wire section and the root of the wire number corresponding models of spiral wire reinforced insulation steel shell button.
2.1.5 LC type line pressing cap: has the flame retardant properties of oxygen index for more than 27%, suitable for aluminium conductor was 2.5, 4 was two kinds, suitable for copper wires was 1 to 4 was knot, pressure can be divided into yellow, white, red, green, and blue five kinds of color, can choose according to conductor section and root number used (aluminum wire with green, and blue; copper with yellow, white, red).
2.1.6 casing: a copper tube, aluminum tube, copper aluminum casing three transition, when choosing should be adopted and the conductor material, specifications corresponding casing.
2.1.7 terminal (wiring nose) : should choose according to conductor is the root of the number and the total cross section corresponding specifications of the terminal.
2.1.8 solder, tin, lead and antimony elements such as combination of low melting point alloy (185 ~ 260 ℃). Solder strips or filiform.
2.1.9 flux: can remove dirt and inhibit the workpiece surface oxide. General welding should use fluid of rosin, the natural rosin emulsion liquid, dissolved in alcohol made suitable for copper and copper alloy welding parts.
2.1.10 auxiliary materials: rubber (or plastic) insulation tape, black tape, talcum powder, cloth, etc.
2.2 the main equipment:
2.2.1 g silk sweet, long nose pliers, stripping pliers, crimping pliers, motorized cart.
2.2.2 electric furnace, tin pan, tin, tin spoon, soldering iron.
2.2.3 word screwdriver; cross screwdriver, electric knife, high stool, multimeter, megohmmeter.
2.3 operation conditions:
2.3.1 piping engineering or trough installation with civil structure are completed.
2.3.2 high-rise building in high voltage shaft, low shaft, integrated wiring, shaft, piping and wiring duct installation.
2.3.3 cooperate with civil engineering piping or trough installed roof construction.
3 operation process
3.1 the process flow
Sweep choose wire and tube to wear belt line, pay-off and bolt - wire tie with line and -
Nozzle with protection the mouth - wire connection - line insulation shake test
3.2 choose wire:
3.2.1 should according to the regulations of design choice wires. In and out of the door of the lead rubber insulated wire should be used.
3.2.2 phase line and neutral line and protect the color of the ground wire should distinguish between the wires with light blue color for the neutral line, with yellow and green color wire to protect the earth.
3.3 cleaning the line:
3.3.1 remove dust from the piping is the purpose of cleaning the pipe, mud and other debris.
3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 clean line method: strong tie in with the two end of cloth line, two people pulling back and forth with the line, the tube clean of debris.
3.4 wear belt line:
3.4.1 track wear the purpose is to check whether the line is clear with the line, the location of the line and the direction of the box, box whether accord with the requirement of design and construction drawing.
3.4.2 wear method with the line:
3.4.2.1 belt line generally adopt phi is 1.2 ~ 2.0 mm wire. First will not sealing one end of the wire bent into a circle, reuse threader will take line through the line, at the ends of the pipe shall be allow allowance of 10 ~ 15 cm.
3.4.2.2 turn in the long pipeline is large, can with the line at the same time of laying pipeline will wear well.
3.4.2.3 wear line is blocked, two iron wires stirring at the same time, the application to the end of the two iron wires hook twisted together each other, and then will take line out.
3.4.2.4 flame retardant plastic corrugated pipe wall corrugated, end with a line to be bent into a circle.
3.5 the feeding and disconnection:
3.5.1 track of pay-off:
3.5.1.1 pay-off should according to construction drawing before to check the specification, type of the wire.
3.5.1.2 pay-off wire should be placed on a motorized or when taking the car.
3.5.2 disconnection:
Reserve cut wire, wire length should be taken into account in the following four kind of situations.
3.5.2.1 junction box, switch box, bolt box and lamp box reserved length of the wire should be 15 cm.
3.5.2.2 distribution box reserved length of the wire should be half the distribution box body circumference.
3.5.2.3 traverse the homes of the reserved length should be 1.5 m.
3.5.2.4 utility wires in the branch, don't cut directly through the wire.
Wire binding with line and 3.6:
3.6.1 track when the less the number of wires, such as two or three wire, wire can be front end insulation stripped, and then insert the wire core directly plate with wire circle and inverted compaction, binding solid. Smooth tie place to form a cone-shaped transition area.
3.6.2 when the number of wires or more conductor cross section is larger, can will lead the front end insulation stripped, and then arrange wire core inclined fault in line with, and wind cable tie binding firmly. Make the binding form a smooth, tapered transition joint parts, easy to thread.
3.7 pipe threading
3.7.1 steel tube (wire) before threading, should first check the nozzle mouth is neat, if there is any omission or damaged, shall be a filling and replacement.
3.7.2 when turn long pipeline is large, should I go to a tube at the same time as the thread into the right amount of talcum powder.
3.7.3 threading, the two should be coordinated, a pull a send.
3.7.4 threading should pay attention to the following questions:
3.7.4.1 wire of the same communication circuit must wear in the same tube.
3.7.4.2 different circuit, different voltage and ac and dc conductor, shall not be wear into the same tube, but except for the following conditions:
(a) nominal voltage up to 50 v circuit; (b) the same equipment or the same assembly line equipment of the power circuit and no special tamper-proof requirements of control circuit; (c) the same lanterns several circuits; (d) a few of similar lighting circuit, but the total number of wire tube should not be more than eight.
3.7.4.3 wire in deformation joints, compensating device should move freely. Wire should have a certain degree.
3.7.4.4 in vertical pipeline laying wires, when more than the length of the following should be fixed in a pipe mouth and junction box: (a) cross-sectional area of 50 was and the following wire is 30 m; (b) cross-sectional area is 70 ~ 95 was conductor is 20 m; (c) cross-sectional area between 180 ~ 240 was lead to 18 m.
3.8 wire connection:
3.8.1 wires should have the condition:
Don't add resistance 3.8.1.1 wire connector.
3.8.1.2 mechanical wire can not reduce the original mechanical strength.
3.8.1.3 not reduce the original dielectric strength.
In order to meet the above requirements, when the electrical connection in the wires, you must first cut off the insulation to connect again, and then add welding, wrapped insulation.
3.8.2 exploitation insulating tools and method of use:
3.8.2.1 exploitation insulated tools:
For a variety of wire section, insulating layer thick degree, layering, how much is different, so use the tools of stripping is also different. Commonly used tools have electrician knife, wire clamp and wire stripping pliers, can be cut, and exploited the insulating layer. General 4 was the following wire in principle to use wire stripping pliers, but when using electric knife, not allowed to use a knife ran circles around the wire stripping method of insulation layer.
3.8.2.2 exploitation insulation methods:
A single layer peeling method: not allowed to use electric knife circle exploitation insulation, should use wire stripping pliers, as shown in figure 3-13 (a).
B piecewise strip method: generally apply to multilayer insulation wire exploitation, braided rubber insulated wires, using electric knife to cut to the outer braid, and had about 12 mm of insulation, wire core length with the mechanical strength of the connection methods and requirements, as shown in figure 3-13 (b).
3.8.2.3 oblique cutting method: use electric knife to 45 ° Angle of tilt cut into the insulation layer, when the present wire core should stop hard, then should be made on the surface of the knife Angle to about 15 °, head end along the wire core surface, and then the remaining insulation stripping wire core, with a 45 ° Angle cutting edge insert back to broken, as shown in figure 3-14.
3.8.3 single core copper wire line connection:
3.8.3.1 splicing method: is suitable for single conductor connection was 4 and below. The two lines cross each other, with both hands at the same time the two core ground after two laps, the two wire core winding 5 rounds in another thread, approximately cut fertilized, see figure 3 to 15.
3.8.3.2 winding method: by auxiliary line and without auxiliary line two, that applies to more than 6 was and single conductor line connection. To mutual merger, the two line after add auxiliary line with tie line in the middle of the merger parts to both ends of winding (volume), 10 times the length of wire diameter, then two wire core end back, five laps in the single winding outward, and the auxiliary line twist wring 2 laps, more than the line cut, as shown in figure 3-16.
3.8.4 branch of the single core copper wire connections:
3.8.4.1 splicing method: is suitable for the following 4 was single conductor. In branch circuit conductor at a cross on the trunk, to play a circle to prevent fall off, and then close around five laps. After the wound, cut off line. Tie line connection and small section concrete practice of line connection as shown in figure 3-17 and figure 3-18.
3.8.4.2 around method: applies to more than 6 was and branch connection of the single conductor, 90 ° to fold into the branch line close to the main line, its and the length of the roll is 10 times the diameter of the wire, single coil winding five laps after cut the remaining threads as shown in figure 3 to 19.
3.8.4.3 cross branch wire connection is shown in figure 3-20 and shown in figure 3-21.
3.8.5 multicore wire connected directly to:
Multi-fiber copper wire connection of three methods, namely single volume method, the wind volume and rewinding. Use fine emery cloth first oxide film on the surface of the core of qing dynasty, the joint of two line conductor of the center line of cut by two-thirds, to do the lateral line core umbrella open, mutual crisscross fork into one, and will have to open the terminal synthetic one, fork connection method as shown in figure 3-22.
3.8.5.1, single method: take any two adjacent wire core, on one side of the cross in the middle of the joint, with one of the core wire for cable tie, on the wire winding, after 5 ~ 7 laps with another thread core with binding wire above the ground hold the original cable tie down after continue according to the above method, its length is 10 times the diameter of the wires, the last around the terminal and a line twist wring 2 laps after shearing. On the other side of the wire. Should pay attention to the conductors are twisted in phase is arranged in a straight line, as shown in figure 3-23.
3.8.5.2 around method: same as the single core copper wire line winding connection method.
3.8.5.3 rewinding method: apply to multicore soft wire connection. Tied the wire end of the closed with short line do temporary binding, in order to prevent the loose, will the other ends all tightly wound core 3 laps, excess terminal stepped off in turn. On the other side also shall be dealt with in accordance with this method, shown in figure 3-24.
Branch connection 3.8.6 multi-fiber copper wires
3.8.6.1 around method: to fold into the branch line 90 ° close to the main line. At the end of cable tie appropriate bent into a semicircle, tie line short end bending into and semicircle form 90 ° Angle, and connecting with tight, with a long end winding, five times the length shall be the diameter of wire junction, then twist wring 2 laps on both ends of the cable tie, cut off line, as shown in figure 3 to 25.
3.8.6.2, single method: to break the branch line (or split in two and a half), into 90 ° close to the main root and branch lines one root in the ring on his trunk, twisting cut after 3 ~ 5 laps, continue with another thread core winding cut after 3 ~ 5 laps, according to this method to connect to 5 times the diameter of the double wire, shall ensure that all cut in a straight line as shown in figure 3 - as shown in figure 3-26 and 27.
3.8.6.3 rewinding method: cut the branch line end break into two and a half after crossing the junction between the main central, the branch line toward the mainline respectively tightly wound, after more than line according to the step cut, the length of 10 times the diameter of the wire, as shown in figure 3-28 and figure 3-29.
3.8.7 copper wires in the connection terminal box:
3.8.7.1: single core and joint wire insulating units and closed. At about 12 mm from insulation stage with one of the cable
Core in its winding connection end cut after 5 ~ 7 laps, approximately the fertilized and qi back pressure on the winding line, as shown in figure 3 to 30.
3.8.7.2 different diameter wire connector: if it is a single root (conductor cross section was less than 2.5) or more core soft line should be rinse tin processing first. Then fine lines cross in 15 mm thick insulation online distance place, and will end to thick wire (alone) end winding 5 ~ 7 laps, the coarse wire end back pressure on the fine line, as shown in figure 3-31.
3.8.7.3 LC secure line pressing hat:
A copper wire line pressing cap is divided into three kinds of color, yellow, white, red, respectively applicable to 1.0 was; 1.5 was; 2.5 was; Article 4 was 2 ~ 4 wire connection. Operation method is: will lead insulation strip 12 ~ 10 mm (decision) to cap type, removal of oxide, according to the specifications to choose the appropriate line pressing cap, insert the wire core line pressing pressure over the cap, if fill in false, wire core can be folded back to peel (double) and fill up. Core is inserted after, wire insulation should be pressure control of level and within the cap shell, using special crimping pliers compaction. Note; By LC secure pressed-line cap is superior to the junction welding package old process in general, has been widely used at present in the midtown cloth, replace the wire connection to use for many years and welding package technology (junction wire connection, welding wire rinse namely tin welding; packet namely tin wire connection rinse after welding wire insulation bandaging).
B aluminum wire crimping cap is divided into two, green, and blue for was 2.5 and 4 was 2 ~ 4 wire connection, the above operation method. The related technical data are shown in table 3-17, wire inserted meet with figure 3-32, press line cap pressure interview as shown in figure 3 to 33.
Using circular casing, is going to connect the aluminum conductor at opposite ends of the aluminum casing inserted, each half into the casing; When using oval sleeve, should make the two lines to plug, thread ends respectively show casing 4 mm; Then use crimping pliers and moulding pressure, pressure modulus and depth should correspond to the casing size. As shown in figure 3-35, as shown in the related technical data are shown in table 3 to 18.
3.8.9 terminal crimping:
Multi-strand wire (copper or aluminum) can be used with wire material and specification of the corresponding terminal. Stripped wire insulation layer, don't touch the wire core, the conductors are twisted together tightly, remove the oxide film in casing, terminal hole, insert the wire core, crimping pliers clamp. Part should be less than the l ~ 2 mm lead appears, as shown in figure 3 to 36.
3.8.10 wires connected to the flat type terminal:
3.8.10.1 single conductor connections:
With a word or cross machine screws, pressure traverse along the screw tight precession direction around a circle and then tighten. Don't allow the circle pressure welding, the plate opening should not be greater than 2 mm.
A single conductor connections:
Single conductor and single conductor met 3-37; Single conductor and multi-strand wire meets 3-38.
B single conductor plate circle: the pressure to use a word or cross machine screws, pressure traverse along the screw precession direction tight around a circle and then tighten. Don't allow the circle pressure welding, the plate opening should not be greater than 2 mm as shown in figure 3-39.
C multi-strand copper cord with screws, pressure to soft wire core is made first single rim of the eye, rinse after tin, flatten it with screw padded tight solid as shown in figure 3 to 40.
Note: the above two methods exposed after pressure welding wire core length is not more than 1 mm ~ 2 mm.
3.8.11 wire connected to the pinhole type wiring pile (pressure) :
The wires to connect the wire core insert wiring within the pile head pinhole, conductor naked pinhole 1 ~ 2 mm, pinhole is greater than the diameter of wire 1 times need back insert pressure welding, as shown in figure 3-41.
3.9 wire welding:
3.9.1 aluminum welding wire:
Before welding aluminum conductor wire core break straight fold, temporary ChanBang cable tie the joint. Wire insulation in asbestos rope wrapped in a cloth soaked in water, in case of burn out. Aluminum wire used in the welding flux has two kinds: one kind is 58.5% zinc, lead, copper 5% 40% of the flux; The other is a zinc, copper, lead, 1.5% and 20% 80% of the flux. Flux components are calculated by weight ratio.
3.9.2 copper wires welding:
Because cable wire diameter and installation place is different, so the welding method has the following kinds:
Add 3.9.2.1 electric welding: suitable for wire diameter smaller wire connection and the site of welding difficulties with other tools.
Wire connection with flux, using electric soldering.
3.9.2.2 burner heating (or use the electric stove heating) : put soldering tin spoon (or tin pan), and then use burner heating (or electric furnace), solder melt after welding can be achieved. When heated to master good temperature; High temperature rinse tin not full; Low temperature rinse tin uneven. Therefore, according to the solder composition, quality and environment temperature, and many other factors, grasp the suitable temperature for welding at any time.
After the welding must be a cloth to welding flux and other dirt rub-up.
3.10 wire wound:
In the first place with a rubber (or plastic) insulation tape since beginning of sound insulation wire tapping, winding insulation belt width 1 ~ 2, wrapped in half width overlap again. The bandage should as far as possible in the process of tightening the insulation tape. Finally on the insulation layer winding after 1 ~ 2 laps, and then back to the wind. Using rubber insulation bandaging, should be stretched to entangle again after 2 times. Then use black adhesive bandage, bandage to good cohesion, with a half width pressure while winding, tightening in the process of dressing tape at the same time, the conductor on both ends of the joint application of black cloth seal tightly. After dressing should submit date form, see figure 3-42.
3.11 line inspection and insulating shake test:
3.11.1 line inspection:
Receive, after completion of all welding, package, should be self-checking and mutual inspection; Check wire, welding, meets the design requirements and the relevant construction acceptance specifications and quality inspection evaluation standard. Do not conform to the provisions, shall immediately correct, check the insulation of the reentry after shaking.
3.11.2 insulation shake test:
The insulation of the lighting wave measurement generally use 500 v, range of 1 ~ 500 m Ω megohmmeter.
: when measuring circuit insulation resistance by megger are three marked "ground" (E); "Line" (L); The protection ring (G) terminal. Can be measured respectively on both ends meet on the E and L two terminal, as shown in figure 3-43.
General lighting line insulation insulation shake test has the following two cases:
3.11.2.1 electrical appliance line insulation shake test before installation, first separate lamp holder wire inside the box, switch box wires connected. Wave measurement should be separated the main line and branch line, one test, one should be reading and record in time. Shake speed should be kept at around 120 r/mm, reading should be reading in a minute.
3.11.2.2 electrical appliances all installed before sending time measurement, shall be on the first line switch, knife switches, instruments, equipment such as power switch all placed in a disconnected position, measuring method as above mentioned, sending a test run of the reentry after insulation shake test is verified.
4 quality standards
4.1 ensure projects:
4.4.1 specification, type of the wire shall conform to the design requirements and the provisions of the national standard.
4.1.2 lighting circuit insulation resistance value is not less than 0.5 M Ω, power circuit insulation resistance value is not less than 1 M Ω.
Test method: the measured or check insulation shake test record.
4.2 the basic items:
2 pipe threading box, box clean without sundry, to protect the mouth, convenient casing is complete without falling off, wire order, and leave the appropriate allowance. Wire inside the pipe joint does not enter the seal of vertical pipe flowing after threading box, box processing is good, the wire connection is firm, bandage tightly, good insulation, not wound wire core.
4.2.2 choose right protection grounding line and neutral line section, line conform to the rules of color, firm connection close.
Inspection method: to observe the inspection or inspection records.
4.3 allowable deviation:
Check the wire section.
Methods: to observe the caliper or use the micrometer to measure.
Check the installation records.
5 finished product protection
5. L shall not be contaminated when threading equipment and construction items, should keep the environment clean.
5.2 using high stool and other tools, should pay attention to other equipment and shall not be damaged doors and Windows, metope, ground, etc.
5.3 after receive, welding, package is complete, it should be wire connector plate into the box, box, and paper seal sealed to prevent contamination. At the same time should prevent box, the water in the oven.
5.4 thread shall not omit bring convenient casing or full mouth.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
6.1 exist in the construction of protective mouth omissions, loss, damage, and the phenomenon such as do not tally with the pipe diameter. Protect mouth omissions resulting from careless operation or loss should be timely completion, to protect the mouth damage do not tally with the pipe diameter should be replaced in a timely manner.
6.2 copper wire connection, the wire winding number less than 5 times, not according to the technological requirements connection joints shall be dismantled to reconnect.
6.3 wire connection solder is not full, a virtual welding, the phenomenon such as slag. Tin soldering temperature appropriate, rinse to uniform. Play after used cloth to wipe the excess solder in time, keep the joint parts clean.
6.4 wire line core is damaged due to overexert and stripping pliers caused by improper use. Cutting line should be selected according to wire stripping pliers corresponding edge.
6.5 more soft copper wire rinse tin omission, should be in a timely manner to repair soldering.
6.6 joint part not smooth, not tight bandage. Should be in accordance with technological requirements to them.
6.7 screw loose connection button and line core is exposed. Connection button is unqualified and wire core cut too short will cause its loose allowance, wire core shear line too long can cause core is exposed. Should be chosen and the conductor cross section and lead root number corresponding qualified products, at the same time line core reserved length of 1.2 mm advisable.
6.8 after casing pressure welding, the position of the die is not in the center line, die don't match or depth is not enough, should choose qualified pressure welding die.
6.9 line insulation resistance value is low. May be water or in the pipeline insulation damage will cause the line insulation resistance value is low. Muddy water pipeline should be timely and clear clean or replace the wire.
6.10 type LC line pressing cap and inferior product, should pay attention to the plastic cap performance of the oxygen index is lower than 27%, no flame retardant; Too much pressure to take over the pipe diameter size error, not through silver plating processing; This phenomenon should not be used, must use the qualified products.
6.11 LC type line pressing cap didn't agree to use wire line diameter specifications or fill the false false, pressure, therefore in the use of LC type line pressing cap and wire diameter matching products, should be full, crimping before the firm pressure, wire core shall not be exposed.
7 quality records
7.1 all kinds of insulation wire factory quality certificate.
7.2 insulation wire laying preview, self-inspection, mutual inspection records.
7.3 design changes regarding the record, record drawings
7.4 insulation and grounding resistance test records.
7.5 kinds of construction quality inspection records.
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