1 scope
This technology is applicable to industrial and civil
construction of pile capping beam.
2 construction preparation
2.1 materials and equipment:
2.1.1 cement: appropriate uses, No. 325, ~425 slag Portland cement or Portland cement.
2.1.2 sand: sand or coarse sand, clay
is less than 5%. Water: tap
water or clean waterthat contains no harmful substances.
2.1.3 the gravel: gravel or crushed
rock, size 5~32mm, clay is less than 2%.
2.1.4 steel: steel grade, diameter must conform to
the design requirements, certificate and retest report of
the factory, no old rust and oil on
the surface.
2.1.5 blocks: 1:3 cement mortar buried 22nd, burn wire preformed in advance or plastic card pad.
2.1.6 wire: wire specifications 18~20, firing.
2.1.7 admixture, admixture, according to construction needs determined by experiment.
2.1.8 main equipment
2.1.8.1 concrete: refigerator, concrete mixers, vibrating needle, flat-nosed shovel, hose, such
as trolleys, wooden trowel and tiepan.
2.1.8.2 binding reinforcement should
be equipped
with steel hooks and small wrenches, crowbars, Blade (off wire), hooks, wooden joint
by joint and combined steel formwork.
2.2 operating conditions:
2.2.1 pile foundation construction has
been completed, and as designed to dig up soil and finished construction of pile inspection record.
2.2.2 repair concrete at
the pile top: all the loose concrete at
the pile top pick out, such
as when the top below the elevation, using similar concrete after high, reaching more
than 50% of
strength, then buried into the apron piece in the top part of your hair, rinse. If the pile head when elevation is higher
than the design, should pick up front, and pile into the apron piece depth fully meet the design requirements.
2.2.3 the pile into the pile of beam reinforcement shall conform to
the design requirements, generally not less
than 30D, at the bar long enough and should be long.
2.2.4 for Frost heaving soil area must
be done according to the design requirementsof frost heave under the apron
piece measures.
2.2.5 the tank bottom should be tilled
soil, debris, garbage removal and clean.
3 operational processes
3.1 process:
Check steel semi-finished buried pipelines and ironwork → →
→ reinforcement strapmortar blocks
3.1.1 reinforcement Procedures:
Determine the assembled steel formwork plan templates → Templates → Assembly steel pre-screening
3.1.3 concrete placement process:
Mixing concrete pouring → → → vibration maintenance
3.2 reinforcement:
3.2.1 checking steel semi-finished
products: should
be checked first by drawing processing of semi-finished steel, for its size, shape, type, variety, tested, then the tone stack well.
3.2.2 reinforcement: steel lashing should
be according to the order, under normal circumstances, long-axis short shaft, in
turn from one
end to the other end. Action by drawing dashes, accessory rail, wearing a collar, tie, finally forming.
3.2.3 buried pipeline and ironwork: hole location should
be reserved the right, pile into the cap beams of steel, sheet-pile beam columns, wall inserted iron, drawings shall tie, tie firmly (cross buckles should
be used) or welding, and its elevation, position and lap anchor length size should
be accurate, not omission or displacement.
3.2.4 force lap splices should
be correct. The joints staggered, iron cross, iron should
be under standard support; within the length of each lap joint, lap bar area shall notexceed the length of rebar in 1/4
per cent of the total
area. All reinforcement and stirrup junction lashing, no jump button.
3.2.5 binding mortar blocks: reinforcement mortar under the pad at
the bottom, theGeneral thickness not less
than 50mm, 1M interval, the side blocks and rebar tie should not be missed.
3.3 Installing the template:
3.3.1 determine the assembled steel formwork plan should
be worked out with
the cap beams assembled steel formwork solution and calculations determine the bolt diameter, length, position the spacing and size and aspect
ratio keel, point, when there is
a modulus of steel template do
not meet, plus wood formwork seams.
3.3.2 Installing steel template: installation of combined steel formwork, combined steel formwork, Yin, Yang Kok by the graphic template template into. Mosaic in its aspect and hypochondrium with u-shaped card, PIN and
other parts requiring complete firm, not loose, not omission.
Preflight 3.3.3 template: template installation, dimensions, levels, bolt, connecting
rod bearing for pre-screening, shall meet the requirements of design drawings,
specifications and quality standards.
3.4 concrete pouring:
3.4.1 stir: mix cement, sand and stone weight and admixture dosage. When operating a car weighing, first stone and then pouring cement, sand and after adding water. Admixture with water. First stirring to perform open approval requirements.
3.4.2 pouring, head and bottom and help mold (wooden model) should
be watered before wetting. Apron piece when pouring concrete, should order directly in the concrete into the mold if dumped Cha more
than initial setting time, should
be treated in accordance with requirements of construction joints. If use in tower crane bucket to discharge directly into the mold, skip the from operating height with 30~40cm, and not a place for dumping.
3.4.3 vibration: along the beam direction of placement of the order, with inclined vibrating method, vibrator and the water
level angle of about 30 degrees. Stick head in a forward direction, 50cm plunger spacing is
appropriate, for prevention of vibration. Vibration time subject to the frothing bubbles on
the surface of
the concrete. Concrete surfaces should
be with the vibration with elevations, use wood trowel rub.
3.4.4 Cha: vertical
and horizontal row and generally should not
be left at
the pile topat Cha. Cha 1/3 range that should
be in the middle of two adjacent pile, swing should advance with a template block good rub, retention Cha. Continued construction, Cha at the concrete application of wetting and water slurry, guarantee of new-old concrete bonding well and
then use the original strength concrete pouring.
3.4.5 maintenance: after the concrete has
been poured, cover water conservation, within the conditions at room
temperature 12h, watering frequency to keep concrete moist, curing time of not less
than seven days and nights.
Winter construction of 3.5:
3.5.1 welded should
be done indoors. When welding in the outdoor minimum temperature should
not be less
than-20 degrees, and snow the wind measures. Welded joints immediately encountered snow
and ice is strictly prohibited.
3.5.2 when mixing concrete, may
not
exceed in the aggregate the snow and ice, mixing time should make
it higher than room temperature extended 50%.
3.5.3 base insulation should
be carried out, not from the cold.
3.5.4 concrete curing in winter construction programmes implemented. Concrete blocks should
be added to
the second group, and structure the same curing condition.
4 quality criteria
4.1 steel
bar sub-item project:
4.1.1 project:
4.1.1.1 the variety and quality of
the steel, welding rods, flux grade, performance must comply
with the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the standard.Chemical composition of imports of reinforcing
bar welding must
be done before inspecting and testing, comply
with the relevant requirements before they can weld.
4.1.1.2 the bar surface must
be clean. With a granular or flaky old rust, rust remains after pitting of steel, as stipulated in
the original use is strictly prohibited.
4.1.1.3 reinforcement sizes, shapes, sizes, quantity, spacing, the anchorage length, connector set, you
must meet the requirements of specification
for design and construction.
4.1.1.4 the mechanical properties of welded joints, welding products, welded steel and acceptance of special requirements must
be met.
4.1.2 Basic project:
4.1.2.1 binding reinforcement missing clasp, loose 10%
of the total quantity does not exceed tie
clasp, and should not be set.
4.1.2.2 hook toward the right. Lashing fittings shall conform to
the provisions of the code, lap length is not less
than the specified value.
4.1.2.3 made of grade ⅰ reinforcement Stirrups, which comply
with the design requirements and hook angle and straight length should comply
with the provisions of the code.
4.1.2.4 no transverse to
the welded cracks and burns, uniform welding package. Bent connector is not more
than 4 °, reinforcement at the joint axis displacement shall
not be greater than 0.1d and less than 2mm.
4.1.2.5 arc weld surface, no dents, welding, and joint crack and blowhole, slag and the undercut. Joint tie vertical displacement along the center line of
the joint shall not be greater
than 0.5d and less than 3mm; bar at the joint axis displacement of less than 0.1d and less than 3mm; seam thickness of not less
than 0.05d weld width not less
than 0.1d; weld length not less
than 0.5d; bent joints is not greater
than 4 °.
4.1.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 2-10.
4.2 template project:
4.2.1 project:
4.2.1.1 template and bracket must have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability, support area of their supporting part of the bracket.
4.2.1.2 templates installed in on soil, soil should
be solid and drainage measures.
4.2.2 a basic project:
4.2.2.1 seams seam the maximum width of
the template should not be greater than 1.5mm.
4.2.2.2 template contact surfaces should
be cleaned with concrete, and to take measures to prevent bonding. Mucilage and holiday area of release agents today is
not more than 1000cm2.
4.2.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 2-11.
Pile installation and tolerance table are embedded parts of steel 2-10
Project tolerance (mm) method
1 frame width, height ± 5 foot check
2 frame length of ± 10 ' check
Welding ± 10 consecutive third gear
Lashing its maximum value ± 20
Distance ± 10 ' at
both ends,
Distance ± 51st, take the maximum value
Beginning 5 steel bending displacement 20 foot check
Center line 5
High levels of differential +3-0
7 mechanical reinforcement based ± 10 ' check
Pile installation and
embedded parts tolerance table 2-11
Project tolerance (mm) test method
1 axis displacement 5 foot check
2 elevation ± 5 level or drawing a check
3 section dimensions ± 10 ' check
4 surface height difference of two adjacent plates 2 with a ruler and the ruler check
5 2m 5 surface flatness on foot and feeler
gauges check
Displacement 3 cable and center line of embedded steel
plate of 6 foot check
7 reserved hole center line through embedded pipe displacement 3 cable and check
Center line 2
Exposed length +10 0
Center line 10
Section size +10 0
4.3 concrete sub-item project:
4.3.1 project:
4.3.1.1 cement used in concrete, water, aggregates, additives and
other provisions must conform to
the relevant specifications and standards.
4.3.1.2 concrete mix proportion, measurement of raw
materials, mixing, conservation and treatment of construction joints must comply
with the provisions of the code.
4.3.1.3 assessment of strength of concrete test block, to concrete strength test and estimation of standards (GBJ107-87), sampling, production, maintenance and testing, which must comply
with the provisions of the code.
4.3.1.4 the structure of
the design does
not allow for cracks, no cracks; design allowsstructural cracks, the crack width must meet the design requirements.
4.3.2 Basic project:
4.3.2.1 vibration compacting, cellular area a is
not greater than 200cm2, today is not
more than 400cm2, no holes.
4.3.2.2 any one main bar are not
allowed to have left rib.
4.3.2.3 seamless no slag layer.
4.3.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 2-12.
Pile Cap concrete projects allows make
difference table 2-12
Project tolerance (mm) test method
1 axis displacement 10 foot check
2 elevation ± 10 level or drawing a foot check
3 size +15,-10 standard check
8 2m
m on foot 4 surface flatness and feeler
gauges check
Center line of embedded steel
plate of 5 offset 10 foot check
Embed bolt centerline offset 5 feet 6 check
7 reserve tube, reserved hole centerline offset 5-foot check
8 is hole centerline offset 15-foot check
5 finished
product protection
5.1 installation template and when pouring concrete, to protect steel, not climbing steps
on steel.
5.2 reinforced concrete cover thickness is not less
than 50mm. Steel blocks shall not be missed.
5.3 winter construction insulation materials should
be covered to prevent the concrete frost.
5.4 should avoid taking
the prized, hard hit when stripping to avoid damaging the concrete and steel.
6 quality problems to be noticed
6.1 cellular, exposed tendons: since the template mosaic is not strict, concrete leakage causing cellular; vibration does
not operate according to the process, resulting invibration is not dense and open bars.
6.2 short edges, corners, mix allowed, uneven mixing or splitting die prematurely, conservation is
not
enough, will cause the edges and damage of concrete.
6.3 deviation is too large: the template supports, clamps, bar spacing is too large or fragile; part of
the concrete pouring is too
high or the vibration time is too long, cancause swelling belly, right, tilt and
other defects of concrete.
6.4 inserting reinforcement displacement of iron: iron fixed firmly inserted, vibrator or tower
crane steel hopper collision, leading to reinforcement displacement.
6.5 earthquake earthquake area, when the apron
piece mould when pouring, Cap side of
the beam should be according to
the design requirements of backfill and tamp.
7 quality records
This standard shall meet the following quality records
7.1 cement factory prove and retest proved.
Factory certificate or certificate of 7.2 bars, steel
bar and the acceptance of a single copy.
7.3 bars covert acceptance record.
7.4 template preflight record levels, dimensions.
7.5 welded tensile test report.
7.6 structures made of concrete test application form and mix orders issued by
the laboratory.
7.7 28D compressive
strength of standard curing concrete block test report. Commercial concrete factory certificate.
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