Monday, January 23, 2017

Waterproof Construction Technology of Prefabricated Exterior Wall

Waterproof construction of prefabricated exterior wall
1 range
    This process standard is applicable to prefabricated external wall panel cavity construction waterproof construction technology.
2 construction preparation
    2.1 Materials and main equipment:
    2.1.1 ordinary type of spontaneous polystyrene foam (polystyrene board), thickness 15 ~ 20mm.
    2.1.2 PVC soft plastic plate, the thickness of 1.5 ~ 2mm.
    2.1.3 PVC soft plastic pipe, φ20mm.
    2.1.4 Construction of petroleum asphalt, 30 A or 30 B, or the choice of ordinary five oil asphalt, 75 or 65.
    2.1.5 cold base oil, or 3% sodium methyl silicate (silicone).
    2.1.6 polyvinyl formal (107 plastic).
    No.350 oil asphalt paper tire felt.
    2.1.8 Polyvinyl acetate (emulsion).
    2.1.9 Cement: 325 Portland Portland cement or Portland cement.
    2.1.10 in the sand: mud content of not more than 3%.
    Waterproof ointment. (Clay): a building ointment, PVC clay, two-component polyurethane caulking clay, chlorosulfonated polyethylene sealant and so on. According to design requirements.
    2.1.12 waterproof coating: a neoprene latex asphalt coating, PVC coating, polyurethane coatings, according to the design selection.
    2.1.13 Fish oil or varnish.
    Note: The above material quality and performance must meet the design requirements.
    2.1.14 Main equipment: hand saws, cutting knives, scissors, ruler, scraper, resistance wire cutter, electric furnace, boil asphalt barrels, leaching flower tube, rubber tube.
    2.2 Operating conditions:
    2.2.1 cut insulation bars: polished with a resistance wire cut polystyrene board will be cut into strips, the width of the design drawings depending on the external wall structure may be, the width of the appropriate length of the outer wall of the cavity than the tank grow 50mm. Such as the length of polystyrene board is not enough, coated with latex can be coated with kraft paper polystyrene board length.
    2.2.2 cut the oil felt: with a saw cut the linoleum into strips, length and width and polystyrene board the same.
    2.2.3 linoleum waterproof insulation strip: with electric stove or fire to boil the asphalt (boil temperature should not be too high to not burn the polystyrene board is appropriate), with hot asphalt and linoleum strips stick tightly pressed.
    2.2.4 cut plastic waterproof strip: cut into pieces of PVC plastic sheeting. Length and width must be compatible with the width of the wall seam, the width of the seam width plus 25mm, the height of the layer height plus 100 ~ 150mm, in order to close the upper cavity, the lower end cut into circular arc notch, in order to arrange the water hole.
    2.2.5 Plastic drain pipe: The polyethylene plastic pipe cut into small pieces of 60mm long, one end cut into sharp-shaped spare, see Figure 4-43.



Figure 4-43
    2.2.6 Check the size and shape of the outer wall waterproof structure is complete, if damaged, blocked, cellular pockmarks and other defects, should be carefully repaired.
    2.2.7 The outer wall of the vertical slot and cavity brush waterproof coating. Brush with cold base oil or 3% sodium methylsilicate solution.
    2.2.8 When the basement is cast-in-place reinforced concrete and the first floor of the above is prefabricated wall panels, the first floor should be made through the drawings as a whole concrete stall platform, the outer do drainage slope. Should be in the basement or basement ring beam reserved in the reinforcement, with the longitudinal reinforcement, support after the mold watering concrete, until the concrete strength of 5MPa, the quasi-installation of the first layer of external wall panels, see Figure 4-44.



4-44
3 operating process
    3.1 Process flow:
Do the vertical seam waterproofing → do the waterproofing → do the cross joint waterproofing → other parts waterproofing → drenching test

    3.2 do vertical seam waterproof:
    3.2.1 insert linoleum waterproof insulation strips: When the external wall board installed in place immediately after the keyway steel welding is completed, in the external wall node (column) steel banding, the linoleum waterproof insulation inserted into the end, the surrounding tight, not Bulging cracked, but also not sub-patch. The width of the linoleum shall be suitable to prevent pouring of the concrete wall. Block the cavity. The vertical seam of the external wall panel is shown in Figure 4-45.
Figure 4-45
(A) vertical wall; (b) gable
    3.2.2 Insert the plastic waterproof strip: Insert the appropriate size according to the actual width of the waterproof strip to prevent too wide, too narrow, slotting, curling slip off, if the above phenomenon should be replaced immediately. The upper part of the waterproof bar and the stall water station to the transfer of close, the lower part of the slope into the drainage in order to close the cavity waterproof to prevent debris into the cavity. Waterproof construction must be synchronized with the layer from top to bottom into the cavity, is prohibited from the facade to the rear plug. Before inserting the waterproof strip, it is necessary to check if there is any breakage of the felt waterproof and thermal insulation strip after the vertical seam cavity. It should be repaired in time. The mortar stones and other debris will be cleaned up when the column is poured. If the vertical seam is too narrow, , This seam can not do the construction of waterproof, should be treated with water-proof ointment inlay filled, changed to waterproof materials. Plastic waterproof strip itself is flexible, easy to bend insert, and as a mortar mortar bottom mold, so mortar pointing, the force should not be too large to prevent the water strip strip caused by blockage.
    3.3 make flat seam waterproof:
    3.3.1 The waterproof effect of the flat seam mainly depends on the installation quality of the outer wall panel. Therefore, the external wall board in place to reach the upper and lower two plates perpendicular to the formation, the pad height is appropriate. Do a good job by water, retaining the protection of Taiwan to ensure the flat cavity integrity, straight and smooth. The flat cavity into the oil felt roll, the outside hook on the cement mortar. Linoleum as a mortar mortar at the end of model, when pointing to uniform force, should not be too large, to prevent the inside to push the liner to plug the cavity. See Figure 4-46 for a flat seam waterproofing procedure.
    3.3.2 When the water and the water catch in the touch or between the clogging with the leakage of slurry can not be removed, such joints should be all filled with waterproof ointment or clay, outside the hook of cement mortar. When the flat seam is too wide or damaged by water, the water in the wrong platform is too large, the first plug in the seam "6" or "8" shaped oil felt roll, outside the hook of cement mortar. See Figure 4-47.
    3.4 do cross seam waterproof: hook in the hook seam, horizontal seam before the mortar will be semi-circular plastic drainage pipe inserted into the cross, the wall can be extended 15mm, and down tilt. Before the construction should check whether the upper end of the plastic seam and the retaining block contact is tight, height and roll is appropriate, if the gap must be sealed with ointment. The upper end of the lower layer of plastic should be plugged in the back wall of the wall, sealing mouth, the upper plastic strip into the lower end of the outer wall of the drainage slope. Cross seam waterproofing practices in Figure 4-48.
    3.5 Other parts of the material Waterproof:
    3.5.1 Balcony (including balcony, flat balcony) Waterproof: the balcony of the upper and lower vertical seam must be capped with ointment, outside the hook mortar protection, the length of the next seam embedded in the ointment of not less than 30cm, In the event of the seam on the blind seam, it is necessary to remove the 20mm × 20mm gap, clean up, brushing cold base oil, and then embedded in the ointment, side seam and upper wall cavity vertical seam junction should pass a long embedded ointment , Do a good job drainage slope, leaving drainage pipes. Adjacent two balcony plate between the seam must be pointing, the middle with ointment embedded dense. See Figure 4-49 for waterproofing the balcony.

Figure 4-46
    3.5.2 rain cover, sun visor waterproofing practices refer to the balcony waterproof.
    3.5.3 waterproof parapet: When the use of waterproof construction, with the outer wall flat seam, vertical seam the same way, the inside seam should be embedded waterproof ointment. When using waterproof material, it is necessary to make the flat seam, outer vertical seam, top seam, inner vertical seam and inner ring seam seal, and the internal seam seam ointment should be waterproof with the roof felt. The top of the parapet is made of soya-bean curd concrete top and made to do the water (inward to do the water).
    3.5.4 A variety of wall-piercing holes must be filled with ointment according to the design requirements. In the flat, vertical seam in case of a wall tube hole, the whole must be embedded in the ointment. In the construction of the structure, hanging outside the shelves in the wall to stay in the hole, should be blocked with waterproof mortar, 2cm away from the surface impaction waterproof mortar, mortar and then outside the leveling.
    3.6 After pointing the external walls, it should be painted two waterproof coating, the thickness should be not less than 1.5mm, to prevent cracks due to shrinkage of water seepage.
    3.7 ointment caulking should pay attention to the following points:
    3.7.1 The base surface of the caulking part shall be flat, solid and dry, and shall clean the dust and debris in the contact surface of the seam, and then brush the cold base oil together and press the ointment: gasoline = 3: 7 Cold base oil, to be dry after caulking treatment.
    3.7.2 caulking when the ready-made ointment twisted into a 20mm diameter strip into the seam, and then rolling compaction, or embedded in the seam with a gun squeeze embedded in the seam; such as low-fat ointment hard, can be Ointment appropriate heating softening (baking temperature at 60 ℃ below), with the scraper into the slit compaction.
    3.7.3 caulking ointment must be section by section compaction, make it bond firmly, must not have fracture. Peeling, opening, sagging and other phenomena; ointment embedded, the surface brushing a cold base oil, the ointment on both sides of the coating Yan Yan, and then sub-flat pressure, compaction. In order to prevent sticky hands, the construction can be in hand, wipe a small amount of fish oil or varnish wiping, not with oil, so as not to cause seams seam is not strong.
    3.8 watering test: water spray test is the last process of external wall waterproof construction, all done in the cavity after the waterproof, not carried out outside the decoration, you must carefully test the water and make water test records.
4 quality standards
    4.1 Warranty items:
    4.1.1 The quality and technical performance of various materials used for waterproofing must meet the requirements of design and construction specifications; the user's manual and quality certification documents must be provided. And a "quasi-use card", do re-test before use.
    4.1.2 Exterior wall panels, parapet wall waterproof structure must be complete, model, size and shape must meet the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the component should also be factory certification.
    4.1.3 After the installation of wall panels, balconies, rain hoods and daughter wall panels, etc., the elevation, slab width and slurry thickness shall comply with the design requirements and construction specifications.
    4.1.4 ointment caulking must be tight, bonding firm, no cracking, the width of both sides of the seam covered by not less than 20mm.
    4.1.5 waterproof coating must be smooth, uniform, no shedding, from the shell, cracks, bubbling and other defects.
    4.2 Basic Items:
    4.2.1 Waterproofing of seams, balcony plates, rain cover panels and parapet walls After completion of the construction, it is necessary to check the waterlogging test of vertical seam, flat seam and cross seam.
    4.2.2 The problems found in watering test, to identify the cause of leakage, timely repair, repair, continue to do after the water spray test, no leakage of water until the surface finish before construction.
    4.2.3 The location of the leakage point and repair situation should be carefully recorded, indicating the specific location, as a technical file included in the technical file for future reference.
    4.2.4 caulking ointment surface smooth and dense, cold base oil to be uniform, caulking the protective layer bonded firmly, covering closely.
5 protection of finished products
    5.1 plug caulking and brushing waterproof coating, shall not pollute the walls and windows and doors, etc..
    5.2 repair leakage point, it should be noted that the protection has been done wall, balcony, rain cover, etc. decorative surface layer.
6 should pay attention to quality problems
    6.1 Outside wall board installation deviation: the bottom pad ash too much, will make the water high, resulting in flat cavity open; bottom pad gray too little, causing the next seam to touch, no cavity drainage: Uneven, resulting in flat cavity end of the water and poor drainage, and will cause vertical seam on Bu width, insulation, waterproof construction difficulties; lifting wall panels, the upper and lower two are not in a horizontal plane, water and water retaining Taiwan dry touch, resulting in capillary water absorption into the room; board itself is not the size of the geometry, there are errors, will produce the phenomenon. Therefore, the cavity wall waterproofing and installation quality is closely related.
    6.2 Leaking water:
    6.2.1 plastic pipe off, curled, skewed, too soft, after the seam can not form a seam cavity, resulting in leakage of water.
    6.2.2 The upper end of the plastic strip and the water retaining platform are not sealed, the lower end is not placed on the drainage slope of the plate; the debris in the vertical seam and the flat seam is not cleaned up; the wall plate defect is not repaired or the repair method is incorrect , Resulting in leakage.
    6.2.3 vertical seam, flat seam gouging force is too large, the vertical plastic deformation of the strip or with the waterproof insulation bar by sticking, so that the wall of drainage bad; or the flat cavity filled with felt roll rolled back By sticking block water station block cavity, causing leakage.
    6.2.4 balcony, rain cover, parapet, etc. do waterproof material parts, construction quality does not meet the requirements, resulting in leakage of water.
7 Quality records
    The following quality records shall be prepared for this process standard:
    7.1 Component factory certificate.
    7.2 waterproof materials should be factory certificate, the use of manuals, sample inspection report, "Zhunyong Zheng" and security signs.
    7.3 test records of the external wall watering.
    7.4 Covert inspection records.

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