Cement mortar technology

1 scope

This technology is applicable to industrial and civil construction of indoor and outdoor cement mortar.

2 construction preparation

2.1 the main materials and machines:

2.1.1 cement: No. 325, cement or Portland cement and above, the same color, with the lot number of the product should be used.

2.1.2 sand: average size of 0.35~0.5mm in the sand, sand particles require hard and clean, not containing clay, grass-roots, leaves, alkalis and other organic substances and other harmful substances. Sand according to different requirements before using diameter sieves, screens well and set aside.

2.1.3 lime cream: massive lime leaching, leaching system using 3mmx3mm of sieve pore size is small, and should be stored in a settling tank. Curing time at ambient temperature of not less than 15D for covering grey, maturing period should not be less than 30D, use Lime plaster should not contain unripened particles and other impurities.

2.1.4 pulverized quicklime: its fine through the 0.125mm screens, a total not more than 13% of sieve remainder. Use with blisters before fully ripening and maturing time of not less than 3D.

Soak methods: should be prepared well in advance of a large container, evenly sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder into the container, pour a layer of water and then sprinkle a layer of lime powder, water, and so on. Until the container volume of 2/3 is reached, then within the container filled with water and lime all soaked in water, make it ripen.

2.1.5 ground fly ash: spend 0.08mm fine sieve, not more than 5% of sieve remainder, fly ash can replace cement mixing mortar, its content is not greater than the amount of cement up to 25%, replacing lime in the mortar paste and most additives should not be greater than 50%.

2.1.6 other admixtures: 107 gum, admixture, admixture shall be decided by trials.

2.1.7 main equipment: mixer, 5mm and 2mm bore diameter of sieve, large flat shovels, small shovel, with the exception of plastering tools commonly used, should also be provided with a soft brush, wire brush, chopsticks, pink bag, watering cans, small water bottles, buckets, grid, brooms, hammers, cold chisel, etc.

2.2 operating conditions:

2.2.1 structure completed and acceptance by the relevant authority, meet the eligibility criteria.

2.2.2 before plastering to check for proper position of the door and window frames, and wall connection is solid. Cracks at the connection use 1:3 cement mortar or 1:1:6 density of cement mortar mix layer impaction. If the gap is large, should be mixed with a small amount of mortar Ma DAO impaction, seam-sealed. Aluminum Windows and doors crack handle workmanship according to design requirements.

2.2.3 brick wall, concrete wall of aerated concrete wall surface, such as dust, dirt and grease should be cleaned, and water wetter.

2.2.4 balcony Rails, clothes iron, embedded iron parts, piping should be installed well in advance, construction reserve holes on the wall in advance when plugging tight, columns, lintels and other protruding walls of concrete rejection of flat, recessed early brush with water after Yin dialysis, then 1:3 cement mortar or cement mortar mix layer 1:1:6 fill lining.

2.2.5 precast concrete wall panel seams should be processed well in advance, and check the cavity is smooth, well sewn, tricking water test, leakage can be carried out the next working procedure.

2.2.6 aerated concrete surface chipping off angle layered patches you want. By: spread the wet surface, brush with water 10% 107 adhesive mud, followed by 1:1:6 mixing mortar every thickness should be controlled in 7~9mm.

2.2.7 external wall cement mortar, should be done before construction of large area model, accredited, and construction methods, construction again.

2.2.8 construction with the outer shelf should be prepared in advance, anyway, to leave the walls and corner 200~250mm to facilitate the operation. Reducing your plastering Cha plastering smooth outer shelf should be laid three-step to meet construction requirements. Outside the walls the color of cement to ensure consistent, no single exclusive shelf. Non-reserved temporary holes in the wall.

2.2.9 smooth plastered surface should be checked before, to determine thickness of plaster. Plaster before both sides of the corner, balcony, window sills, stone face pop-up plastering layer on both sides of the line of control, as a basis for backing.

3 operational processes

3.1 process:

Caulking around door and window frames (or vertical wall panel joints) → → wall cleaning water wet wall →

Hanging vertical, side, the plaster cakes, gluten-filled play the grey control lines → → base → underlying mortar →

Line grid → → → cover gray surface adhesion, dinging → conservation

3.2 base for external concrete wall panels:

3.2.1 basic treatment: If the concrete surface is very smooth, the surface should be "texturing ° processing, there are two kinds: one is to smooth the surface with a sharpened awl tick, tick to smooth, make the surface rough wet grass-roots with water. Another method is to clean smooth surfaces with 10% after the caustic soda and water to remove surface oil, Lye rinse dry with mechanical spray or with a broom dumped a layer of 1:1 gruel-fine cement mortar (mixed with 20%107 glue mixing) and froze it in smooth base surface, break with one fixed for good.

3.2.2 hanging vertically, sets of rules: the spat in doors and Windows, respectively, at duo, wall hanging vertically, plaster told and after gray pie filling bars, pops up on the wall plastering layer line of control.

3.2.3 the underlying mortar: brush with water 10% 107 adhesive mud, (w/c 0.4~0.5) followed by 1:3 cement mortar every 5~7mm thickness, layer and erase the gluten-filled, and staves, level, get a straight, wooden trowel twist hair.

3.2.4 plastering mortar: mortar at the bottom after the second day of plastering mortar, first wall spread wet, according to paper size line grid, cell adhesion, drop tanks, mortar plastering layer. Surface layer of cement mortar or mortar mix for 1:2.5 1:0.5:3.5 cement mortar thickness 5~8mm. First water wet, thinly shave before you put a layer of plain cement plaster, so that it is the end of gray cement, followed by erase overlay grid and gray, and bar anyway, scrape, rub wood trowel, float clear and compact iron. When there is no water on its surface, perpendicular to the ground with a soft brush dipped in water in the same direction, brush again, to ensure that the color of the surface layer of dust; avoiding and reducing shrinkage cracks. Subsequently, will be out until after ash layers, asymmetrical figure with plain cement paste well. For the cells, should not be hard to prevent edge damage, should stay dry up. And fill the gap.

Plastering construction of programs: from top to bottom, after wiping out the underlying mortar will stand up, and then from the top surface layer of mortar. Should pay attention to in the surface layer of dust before, you should check the underlying mortar without empty, cracked, if cracks should be picking his chisel again after repairing surface layer of dust; also should be aware that the underlying mortar dust and dirt should be clean, water moist, surface layer of plaster.

3.2.5 drip lines (slots): mast, cornice, window sills, window awning, balcony, capping and protruding walls and other parts, water should be made above the slope, the following should do the drip line (Groove). Water slope and drip lines (slots) from the outer surface shall not be less than 40mm, the drip line (also known as garbanzo) should ensure that their slopes to the right.

3.2.6 conserve: cement mortar plastering layer should be water conservation.

3.3 primary aerated concrete panels:

3.3.1 primary processing: use brooms to sweep the dust on the surface, water, Yin dialysis, water immersion gas 10MM is appropriate. On deficiency ribs off angle of Board, or Board of seams at high poor larger Shi, available 1:1:6 cement mixed mortar mixed 20%107 glue mix collection uniform, layered lining flat, each again thickness 5~7mm, stay gray layer solidification Hou, water wet, with above with tie than of fine mortar (sand application yarn stretched screen to screen), with mechanical spray or with broom dumped in added gas concrete surface, second days watering conservation, until mortar knot solidification, with hand broke not moving weizhi.

3.3.2 hanging vertically, sets of rules: same as before.

3.3.3 the underlying mortar: 10% 107 glue brush with water with mud (specific 0.4~0.5), with the brush with cement mortar, mix 1:1:6, smooth, big bumper scrape, rub wood trowel, begins after the final setting of conservation. If the mortar admixed with fly ash, the above mixing ratio can be changed to 1:0.5:0.5:6, namely cement: lime fly ash: sand.

3.3.4 playing line, cells, cell adhesion, water trough, plastering mortar: first, by drawing on the request line grid, cell adhesion, pay attention to visco-elastic State by vertical bars should be glued to the line on the same side, preventing about stick. After stick, when the bottom five or six when plastering mortar. Brush with water of 10% 107 adhesive cement grouting, followed by plaster. Surface layer mortar of tie than for 1:1:5 of cement mixed mortar or for 1:0.5:0.5:5 cement, and fly ash mixed mortar, General thickness 5mm around, points two times and points grid article wipe flat, again with bar anyway scraping flat, wood wipe child rub hair, iron wipe child pressure real, and pressure light, stay surface no Mingshui Hou, with brush dipped water by vertical Yu ground direction light brush a again, makes its surface layer color consistent. After finishing the surface water conservation.

3.3.5 drip lines (slots): former practices and conservation requirements.

3.4 base for brick walls:

3.4.1 base treatment: the remnants of mortar on the walls, dirt, dust and other clean, throw water on the wall, the bricks down on dust in, wetting the wall.

3.4.2 hanging vertically, set rules, plastering cake: op. cit.

3.4.3 gluten-filled, wipe bottom of mortar: at room temperature can be mixed using cement mortar, mix 1:0.5:4, winter construction, bottom ash mix ratio for 1:3 cement mortar, screed Strip should be stratification and smooth, big bumper anyway, scrape, rub wood trowel, after the final setting of water conservation.

Dimensions in the drawings 3.4.4 line of blocks, after cell adhesion surface mortar. Method of operation the former. Surface layer of mortar mix at room temperature 1:0.5:3.5 cement mortar can be used, winter 1:2.5 cement mortar should be used.

3.4.5 drip line (Groove) construction method and the ash layer curing methods ibid.

3.5 winter, rainy period of construction: General construction only during the winter, winter stage not construction.

3.5.l-mix mortar in winter hot mix should be used, when insulation measures taken, apply mortar at a temperature not lower than 5 degrees centigrade.

3.5.2 mortar plastering layer's early hardening without freezing.

3.5.3 the atmosphere at temperatures below 5 c, in outdoor plastering mortar mix to lower the freezing temperature of salt and calcium chloride and so on, its content should be determined by tests. Painting plaster walls shall not be mixed with salt and calcium chloride.

3.5.4 freezing masonry walls, exterior plaster should be completely thawed before wiping, wall shall not be washed with hot water frozen, eliminate Frost wall or with hot water.

3.5.5 construction in winter to prevent the dust early frost, guarantee operation, cannot be mixed with lime in the mortar paste, in order to ensure the workability of the mortar, mixed with fly ash instead of the volume. For example, 1:1:6 could be replaced by cement and fly ash cement mortar mortar, mix is still 1:1.6.

3.5.6 plastering with rain rain-proof measures should be taken to prevent plaster layer of damage from the rain before the final set.

4 quality criteria

4.1 project: the variety and quality of the materials used must comply with the design requirements, the plaster layer between and the plaster layer and the substrate must be bonding, no delamination, empty drum surface blasting dust and crack-free (except the wind shake) and other defects.

4.2 Basic project:

4.2.1 intermediate plasters: smooth, clean surface, Cha flat, straight line angle, clear (uniform rough surface texture).

Advanced plastering: the surface is smooth, clean, uniform color, no lines, and gray line straight line angle, founder, clear and beautiful.

4.2.2 corner shall conform to the construction decoration standard 2.1.9 and 2.1. the provisions of article 10, the surface is smooth, smooth, door and window frame and the wall crack filling density, surface roughness.

4.2.3 holes, troughs, boxes of the correct size, founder, clean, smooth, pipe behind plastered smooth.

Section 4.2.4 (seam) of uniform width, depth, (seam) smooth, neat edges, horizontal even vertical, smooth.

4.2.5 drip line and drip water on the right, drop lines straight, throat width, density not less than 10MM, neat and consistent.

4.3 allowable deviation, as shown in table 9-2.

Outer wall plastering tolerance table 9-2

Project tolerance (mm) test method

Intermediate advanced

1 façade vertical 5 3 2m supporting plate check

2 surface flat 4 2 2m m on foot and wedged feeler Gage check

2m angle vertical 4 2 3 Yin and Yang of care with Board examination

4 corner founder of yin and Yang of 4 2 20cm feet and wedge feeler Gage check

5 points (seams) straight and standard 3-5M line check

Note: l. intermediate fourth internal corner plastering this table founder is not checked.

2. facade height squareness tolerances:

Single layer: every frame or layer mode to H/1000 and less than 20mm, frame, top model H/1000,

And no greater than 30mm, theodolite, hanging and standard checks.

3. brick-overall height ≤ 10m, perpendicularity tolerance for 10MM, brick and concrete structure high >10m and squareness tolerances

20mm。 Using a theodolite or wait and check.

5 finished product protection

5.1 remnants of mortar should be promptly cleaned up on the door and window frames, aluminum alloy door and window box protective film should be checked before loading the full, such as caulking low alkaline cement cement, plug after making clear in time, clean it with a clean cotton silk box.

5.2 dismantling shelves caution, prevent damage to put good cement wall and protective measures should be taken promptly to prevent pollution and damage caused by operations interspersed with, especially the corners should be nailing boards to protect.

5.3 the plaster layer in front of the condensation should prevent the quick-drying, exposure, water, impact and vibration to ensure the ash layers have enough strength.

5.4 Oilers brush oil barrels when not touched down from the shelf to prevent contamination of walls and cannot pedal step on the windowsill and prevent damage to edges.

6 quality problems to be noticed

6.1 empty drum, and cracking and rotten root: due to wipe gray Qian grass-roots bottom cleanup not clean or not completely, wipe gray Qian not watering, each layer gray wipe have too thick, with have too tight; for prefabricated concrete, smooth surface not tick hair, and also not dumped hair, even concrete surface of crisp skin also not removed on wipe gray; added gas concrete surface didn't cleaning, not watering on wipe gray. After plastering is not conservation. To resolve the quality problem of hollowing and cracking from the three ways to resolve: the first substrate cleaning and watering before construction; second construction layers and compacting should be carefully, not sloppy third after construction, water conservation, and note the place clean, plastering, overcoming the rot.

6.2 drop line (Groove) does not meet the requirements: not according to the norms of indwelling throat, window sills, stone and face bottom drip, should be set at construction time, keeps the throat after 10mmx10mm slots, no chute after plastering seam layering, or marked with the nail Groove.

6.3 points, after throat is irregular does: using plain water after mud gap, squaring and damage repaired in a timely manner.

6.4 window eat: sill elevation is not consistent in the same layer, in order to ensure exterior plastering lines horizontal even vertical Latrun line you want to find the rules, resulting in the windowsill eating, affect the use. First construction elevation to the right, taking into account the good plastering layer thickness and surface plastering on the note window should be 10MM into the box, and Gou Cheng small fillet, sing along, looking for a water slope should be.

Cha 6.5 surface uneven, inconsistent color: Cha child behind without rules, uneven Cha, Cha is hard to find flat. Note that the Cha should be avoided in block, should be left in place, or inconspicuous place cement must be used outside the cement of the same variety, lot number entry, to ensure color consistency across the plaster layer. Grass-roots water potted plants thoroughly before construction, easy to operate, avoid problems, black surface pressure, resulting in uneven color.

7 quality records

This standard shall meet the following quality records:

7.1 cement factory prove and test reports.

7.2 manufactured products such as sand and fly ash certified.

7.3 milled quicklime product factory certified.

7.4 107 adhesive, additives and other products of the factory certification and product usage instructions.

7.5 quality inspection and assessment of records.